Bream: wehewehe, wahi noho, meaʻai a me nā maʻamau o ka iʻa

ʻO Bream, e like me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona i hana ʻia e Carl Linnaeus, i ka makahiki 1758 no ka manawa mua i loaʻa ai kahi wehewehe a me ka inoa ʻepekema honua Abramis brama. Wahi a ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻepekema, ʻike ʻia ka iʻa penei:

• Hikina bream;
• Bream maʻamau;
• Danube bream.

ʻO Abramis brama - i loko o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka honua ua lilo ia i mea hoʻokahi, ʻelele wai hou o kāna ʻano, ka genus Abramis (Bream), i komo i loko o ka ʻohana Cyprinidae (Cyprinidae).

ʻO Abramis brama, ʻo ia wale nō ka ʻelele ma ke kauoha Cypriniformes (cyprinids), he 16 mau ʻano ma mua o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻohālikelike honua, ʻo nā ʻelele nui o ia:

• Glazach (sopa, dumpling);
• Guster;
• hūnōna kāne;
• Syrt;
• Bream,

ma hope o ka hana hope ʻana o ka classifier, ua lilo ʻo Abramis brama i ʻano monotypic.

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ke ʻano o Abramis brama

Kiʻi: www.agricultural portal.rf

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ka hiʻohiʻona o Abramis brama he kino kiʻekiʻe a paʻa i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kino i kekahi manawa ma mua o 1/3 o kona lōʻihi, he poʻo liʻiliʻi kona me ka waha liʻiliʻi, i hoʻolako ʻia me kahi ʻāpana telescopic suction ma ke ʻano o ka paipu. ʻO ia mea o ka waha e hiki ai i ka iʻa ke hānai mai ka ʻili lalo me ka hoʻololi ʻole i ke kūlana o ke kino e pili ana iā ia. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pharynx o ka iʻa me nā niho pharyngeal, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i hoʻokahi lālani i ka nui o 5 pcs. mai kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao.

Ma kahi mamao o 2/3 mai ke poʻo, aia ma ke kua o ka iʻa ka hope hope, hoʻomaka ia mai ka hihi kiʻekiʻe loa mai ke poʻo a nalowale ke kiʻekiʻe, ma hope o 10 mau kukuna kokoke i ka huelo o ke kino. He 33 mau kukuna ka anal fin, e noho ana i ka 1/3 o ka lōʻihi o ke kino, ʻekolu o ia mea paʻakikī, a ʻo ke koena he palupalu.

ʻO ka Abramis brama makua he hue hina ma ke kua, i kekahi manawa ʻeleʻele, ma nā ʻaoʻao o kahi iʻa makua me kahi ʻōniʻoniʻo gula, a lilo ia i hue melemele māmā kokoke i ka ʻōpū. ʻO ke kanaka ʻōpio a ʻaʻole i oʻo i ka moe kolohe he hina hina hina ke kala kala.

Inā mākou e noʻonoʻo i ka nīnau - he aha ke ʻano o Abramis brama, a laila makemake nui ka poʻe i ka nīnau, akā pehea ke ʻano o ka mea lōʻihi loa o Abramis brama (bream maʻamau), pehea ke kaumaha a pehea ka lōʻihi o kona ola ʻana. ? ʻO ka nui a hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia o ka bream he 6 kg, ʻo kona lōʻihi he 82 cm, a i mea e hiki ai i kēlā nui, ua ola ka iʻa no 23 mau makahiki.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka bream a me ka bream

Kiʻi: www.poklev.com

Nui ka poʻe lawaiʻa i ka inoa bream a bream, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke pane i ka nīnau i nīnau ʻia e lākou i ke kamaʻilio ʻana, he aha ka ʻokoʻa. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, he mea maʻalahi loa nā mea a pau,ʻo ka scavenger ka bream hoʻokahi, akā,ʻaʻole i oʻo.

ʻO ka moe kolohe o Abramis brama i loko o nā wai mahana o kona wahi noho i ka makahiki 3-4 mau makahiki, a ma nā wai anuanu ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i ka makahiki 6-9 mau makahiki. Ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i ka makahiki i ʻōlelo ʻia a me ka wā ʻōpio, loaʻa i nā kānaka ke kaumaha o ke kino ma kahi o 0,5-1 kg, a ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma mua o 35 cm, ʻo ia me nā ʻano i kapa ʻia ka iʻa he scavenger.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka scavenger mai kahi bream:

• kala kino;
• Ka nui a me ke kaumaha o ke kanaka;
• Ka hana a me ka nohona.

He ʻeleʻele mau ke kala o ka bream makua, a ʻo ke kala o ka bream he kālā mau. ʻAʻole iʻoi aku ka nui o ka bream ma mua o 35 knm a he 1 kg ke kaumaha, ua lōʻihi ke kino a ʻaʻole like me ka bream. ʻAʻole like ka scavenger, ʻaʻole like me ka ʻohana makua, pili i nā wahi pāpaʻu o kahi waihona me ka wai wela maikaʻi. Ke alakaʻi nei ka bream i ke ʻano o ke ola ʻana, a ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka bream e ʻauwana i loko o nā hui paʻa, ʻo ka noho ʻana ʻo ia nā ʻāpana hohonu o ka muliwai a i ʻole ka loko.

ʻO ka noho ʻana o Abramis brama, ka māhele ʻana

Kiʻi: www.easytravelling.ru

Ma kēlā mau wahi i loaʻa ai ka bream, kokoke i nā manawa a pau kahi one a lepo paha, ʻo ia nā loko, nā muliwai a me nā loko o ʻEulopa a me Central Europe. Loaʻa ia i loko o ka pūnaewele o nā waihona a me nā kīʻaha o nā kai ma lalo nei.

• Baltic;
• Azov;
• Eleʻele;
• Kasepiana;
• ʻĀkau;
• ʻAral.

I nā makahiki 30 o ke kenekulia i hala, ua hiki i nā ichthyologists o ko mākou Motherland ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka bream ma nā kahawai Siberian, nā loko trans-Ural a me Lake Balkhash. Mahalo i nā kahawai ma waena o ka Northern Dvina a me ka ʻōnaehana Volga, ua loaʻa i ka bream ka heluna kanaka ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Rūsia. Ua lilo ka ʻāina ʻo Transcaucasia i wahi noho o Abramis brama, akā ma kēia ʻāina he liʻiliʻi kona heluna kanaka a no nā ʻano ʻano laha ʻole, hiki ke loaʻa iā ia i loko o kēia mau waihona:

• Lake Paleostoma;
• Lenkorans;
• Waiwai Mingachevir.

ʻAi Bream

Kiʻi: www.fishingsib.ru

E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, he ʻano waha kūikawā ka bream, mahalo i hiki i ka iʻa ke hānai mai ka lalo o ka waihona, ʻoiai inā ua uhi ʻia me ka lepo a i ʻole nā ​​mea kanu. Hiki i nā ʻohana he nui o Abramis brama i loko o kahi manawa pōkole ke "hoʻolo" i nā ʻāpana nui o lalo o ka waihona i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Wahi a ka ʻike a ka poʻe lawaiʻa ʻike, i mea e ʻike ai i ka ʻohana o ka bream hānai nui ma kahi kahua o ka loko, pono e ʻike i nā ʻōhū ea e holo ana i ka ʻili, piʻi lākou mai lalo, hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka lepo ma ka hānai ʻana i nā iʻa.

ʻO ka hana kūikawā o nā niho pharyngeal i hoʻololi i ka ʻai o Abramis brama, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma:

• limu;
• snails a me nā liʻiliʻi benthic invertebrates;
• kōkō koko;
• mea hana paipu;
• ʻili kai.

I ka wā e hānai ai, ʻo ka bream, e like me ka "mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai", e omo i ka hui ʻana o ka wai a me ka lepo i loko o ka lua waha, a ʻo ka ulu ʻana o ka pharyngeal e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i nā benthos, kahi āna i aloha nui ai. Hoʻokaʻawale ka iʻa mai ka wai ma mua o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana iā ia ma nā gills. ʻO kēlā ʻano hana physiological o Abramis brama i ʻae iā ia e lilo i alakaʻi ma ke ʻano o ka heluna kanaka ma waena o nā ʻano iʻa maoli e noho kokoke ana iā ia.

I ka hapa lua o ka hooilo, i loko o ka wai me ka haʻahaʻa hiki wela wela a me ka over-enriched me ke kinoea i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko, ʻaʻole hiki i ka iʻa ke ʻimi ikaika a hānai, alakaʻi ia i kahi nohona sedentary. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka nui o ka lako meaʻai, ka awelika o ka wai o ka makahiki, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻai ʻana o ka iʻa, ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i nā makahiki 10-15, hiki i ka iʻa ke piʻi i ke kaumaha a hiki i 9 kg a me ka lōʻihi o ke kino. 0,8 m.

Ka hana hou

Kiʻi: www.mirzhivotnye.ru

Hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kino o ke kanaka e ke ʻano o nā ulu kikoʻī ma ke poʻo o ka iʻa, a lilo ke kala o ke kino mai kahi hue kala i nā leo ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka mahele ʻana o ka ʻohana ma mua o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hui, ʻo ka criterion no ka hoʻokumu ʻana ʻo ia ka paepae makahiki. ʻO ka manawa o ka spawning a me ka spawning ma Abramis brama ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina, ma ka awelika 4 mau lā i hoʻopau ʻia i ka spawning o hoʻokahi hui, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka spawning e pili ana i ka mahana ambient. ʻO kahi pāpaʻu me ka nui o nā mea kanu i koho ʻia i wahi no ka mālama ʻana i kahi hanana nui i ke ola o kahi iʻa.

He nui ka bream, no ka mea, hoʻomoe ka wahine i ka liʻiliʻi he 140 tausani mau hua, akā ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea a pau ke ola ma muli o ka loli pinepine ʻana i ka mahana ambient i ka wā o ka hau. ʻO ka paepae wela haʻahaʻa hiki ke kū i ka caviar ma kahi o 11⁰ Me, ma t⁰ ma lalo o kēia paepae, make nā hua. I hoʻokahi pule ma hope o ka spawning, ʻike ʻia nā larva iʻa mai nā hua, a ma hope o 3 mau pule e hānau hou ʻia i loko o ka pala.

I loko o ke kau wela a hiki i ka hau mua, mālama ka ʻala o Abramis brama me nā ʻōpiopio ulu o nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe ma ke ʻano o nā ʻohana he nui e neʻe ikaika ana a puni ka waihona i ka ʻimi ʻai. ʻO nā holoholona liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo ma nā wahi me ka lako meaʻai nui e mālama i ke kaumaha a me ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma kahi o 12 cm.

Hoʻopili ka poʻe ulu i nā wahi spawning a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka puna wai a waiho wale ma hope o ka hiki ʻana mai o ka wela. ʻO ka poʻe nui, ma kahi ʻē aʻe, i ka pau ʻana o kā lākou misionari hanohano, ʻōwili i loko o nā lua, a ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana i ko lākou ʻano maʻamau, hoʻomaka lākou e hānai ikaika.

Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ulu ʻana o Abramis brama, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa o ke ola ʻana ma ka pae mua i ka ulu ʻana o ka palai ma mua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā ʻenemi koʻikoʻi i ka makahiki mua o ke ola i ka bream he pike, pike perch a me ka perch nui. Hiki ke hōʻeha ʻia kahi bream i ulu a hiki i 3 mau makahiki e ka pike like a me ka iʻa.

ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele

Kiʻi: www.web-zoopark.ru

Ua loaʻa i ka Amur black bream (Megalobrama terminalis) kahi noho ma Rūsia, aia wale nō ma ke kahawai ʻo Amur. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, hiki iā ia ke ola no 10 mau makahiki a loaʻa ke kaumaha o 3,1 kg me ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma mua o 0,5 m. ʻO nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka heluna kanaka o Megalobrama terminalis ua hoʻomohala ʻia ma ka ʻāpana Kina o ke kahawai ʻo Amur. Nui loa ka heluna kanaka i hiki ai i nā hui lawaiʻa kūloko ke hoʻokō i kāna iʻa ʻoihana.

Ma ka ʻāina ʻo Rūsia, ua helu ʻia kēia ʻano ma ke ʻano he pōʻino; ʻOi aku ma mua o 40 mau makahiki, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia ka hopu kalepa ʻana o ka bream Amur. I mea e hoʻonui ai i ka heluna kanaka, hana ka poʻe ichthyologists i ka hana hou a me ka hoʻopiha ʻana.