Contents
Introduction
Loaʻa i ke kino o ke kanaka nā huaʻaleʻale mai ka meaʻai mea kanu. Loaʻa i hoʻokahi gram o nā huaʻā ʻehā kilokala.
ʻOi aku ka momona ma mua o ka momona, akā maʻalahi kēia mau mea i wāwahi ʻia a hoʻopau ʻia e ke kino. No laila, ʻo kā lākou lilo ma mua o ka hapalua o ka ikehu i koi ʻia.
Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka hanana o nā haʻuki i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia maʻalahi a paʻakikī. Kapa ʻia ka mea mua i nā kō a me nā starches ka lua.
Hiki ke maʻalahi a paʻakikī paha nā sugars - monosaccharides a disaccharides.
Nā monohona maʻalahi
Hoʻopili pū ʻo Monosaccharides glucose, fructose a me galactose. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻono momona a maʻalahi hoʻi e ʻeli.
ʻO ka glucose a me ka sucrose i ke ʻano maʻemaʻe i loko o nā hua a me nā hua, a ʻo ka pī meli hoʻi. ʻO Glucose, ka mea nui o nā kō, ke hoʻohana nui nei ke kino no ka mākala a me ka ʻōnaehana.
ʻO Fructose ka ka mea maʻamau loaʻa i ka ʻaʻā i loko o nā meaʻai o nā kumu kumu. Mahele o ka huahua hoʻololi ʻia i ke akepaʻa i glucose, hele ke koena i ke koko.
ʻO Galactose ʻo ia ʻaʻole i loaʻa ma ke ʻano. Hana ʻia ia ma ka māhele ʻana o ka disaccharide lactose - ka waipika o ka holoholona i loaʻa i loko o ka waiū a me nā huahana waiu.
I ke akepaʻa ua hoʻopili ʻia ka galactose i kahi kumuwaiwai ʻoi loa o ka glucose glucose. A ʻo nā lactose unsplit i lawelawe ʻole he meaʻai ia no ka microflora pono o ka gastrointestinal tract.
ʻO nā disaccharides sucrose, lactose a me maltose kekahi digestible maʻalahi kō. Akā i ka momona a me ka solubility i ka wai, hāʻawi lākou i nā monosaccharides. Kūpono hana ʻia nā glucose mole a me ka fructose.
Loaʻa ka sucrose maʻamau i kā mākou papaʻaina i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka beet a me nā huahana o kāna hana - Sugar. Aia ma luna o 99.5 pakeneka sucrose. Hoʻokaʻawale koke ke kō i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū i ka glucose a me ka fructose, i komo koke ʻia i loko o ke koko.
Lactose - kō waiū kōpaʻa - ʻōpika o nā kumu holoholona, i haku ʻia i ka galactose a me ka glucose.
E wāwahi ka lactose i ke kino makemake i kahi enzyme kūikawā, lactase. Inā ʻaʻole hana ke kino, hiki mai ka intolerance i ka waiū a me nā huahana waiu.
maltose, a i ʻole ke kō malt, he glucose. Loaʻa iā ia i loko o ka meli, pia, malt a me nā molases.
ʻO nā haʻuki kūpilikiʻi
E ʻōpiopio paʻakikī e hoʻokomo i nā starches, pectin a me cellulose. Mālama maikaʻi ʻole ʻia lākou i ka wai a lawe lohi ʻia, me ke kōkua o nā enzyme i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā kō maʻalahi, ʻo ka hapanui o ka glucose.
Lawe ka starch i 80 pakeneka i ka huina o nā carbohydrates e komo i ke kino me ka meaʻai. Loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā starch i kā mākou mau hua: palaoa, kulina, rai. ʻO kaʻuala ma kahi o 20 pakeneka.
Kāhea ʻia ke kumu holoholona starch glycogen. Hoʻohui ʻia ia e ke kino mai nā sugars maʻalahi, akā lawe ʻia mai nā huahana ʻiʻo, kahi o 1.5-2 pakeneka.
Mālama ʻia ʻo Glycogen i loko o ke akepaʻa a me nā olonā i ka manawa e pono ai ka pilikia no ka hoʻonui hou ʻana o ka ikehu. ʻO kahi laʻana, hoʻoikaika kino a koʻikoʻi paha.
ʻO Pectin a me ka fiber, i kapa ʻia nā olonā ʻai lawe ʻia e ke kino lohi loa, ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o kā lākou digest e microflora i ke kolona. Fiber loa nui no ka hana maʻamau o nā ʻōpū, hoʻonāukiuki peristalsis.
Hoʻohui, hoʻowahāwahā ka pulupuluʻai i loko o ka ʻōpū, hoʻolohi i ka lawe ʻana o nā momona a me nā kōpena, e ʻae iā lākou e kahe i ke koko, me ka waiho ʻole ʻia o kahi mālama. ʻO ka pectin a me ka cellulose i loko o nā hua a me nā mea kanu.
Hoʻohana kahi ʻāpana nui o nā haʻalako o ke kanaka o kēia au i ka palapala o sucrose i loko o nā huahana i hoʻopau ʻia, nā mea ʻono a me nā mea inu ʻono. Akā, ua hāʻawi aku kēlā mau kalapona iā ʻoe i ka ikehu, a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻokaʻawale i ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i nā momona, ʻaʻole pono ka nui o nā haʻalulu maʻalahi i ka meaʻai ma mua o 20-25 pakeneka. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ke koena inā makemake ʻoe i nā kumu o nā haʻahaʻa paʻakikī a me ka fiber: nā mea kanu, nā huaʻai, nā legumes, oatmeal, pasta mai ka palaoa durum a me nā huahana palaoa piha.
Hoʻolālā ʻia nā helu ʻai e ka Institute o nā meaʻai:
ʻO ke kino pono i nā huehue digestible no kahi mākua 50-60% o koi koi ikehu lā (mai 257 a 586 g / lā).
ʻO ke kino pono no nā ʻōpikipiki no nā keiki a hiki i ka makahiki 13 Bi / kg ke kaumaha o ke kino, no nā keiki ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki mai 170 a 420 g / lā.
E nānā ʻo Moore e pili ana i nā wai ʻaʻā a me nā kō i ka wikiō ma lalo:
