Contents
ʻO ke ʻano iʻa maʻamau o ka honua he iʻa crucian, he wai maʻemaʻe, maʻamau, ʻono a makemake nui ʻia e ka lehulehu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa iā ia i loko o nā loko liʻiliʻi loa, ʻoiai ʻo ka hopu ʻana i hana pinepine ʻia ma nā mea kahiko loa. A laila, hāʻawi mākou e aʻo i nā mea āpau e pili ana i ka carp mai A a Z.
Description
ʻO Crucian carp kahi ʻano maʻamau o nā kānaka ichthy; Hiki ke loaʻa ma nā loko a me nā loko i ka wai kū, a ma nā muliwai me ke ala kūpono. No ka papa o nā iʻa lecheperid, kauoha cyprinids, cyprinids ʻohana. Aia nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, no ka mea he nui loa ka wahi hoʻolaha. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai ke koena o ka heluna kanaka o ka wai, no ka mea ua lawa kēia i ka ʻike ʻana me kou mau maka ponoʻī.
He "ʻano" hoʻomanaʻo ʻia kēia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wehewehe ʻana ma ke ʻano o ka papaʻaina:
| helehelena | hiʻona |
| kino | oblong, poepoe, palahalaha iki |
| pale | nui, pahee |
| kala like 'ole | mai ke kala a i ke gula me ka piha o nā aka |
| i hope | mānoanoa, me ka ʻili kiʻekiʻe |
| Ke po'o | liʻiliʻi, liʻiliʻi nā maka a me ka waha |
| niho | pharyngeal, i ka hauʻoli hoʻokahi |
| hana | he mau notches ma ka hope a me ka anal |
I ka lōʻihi hiki ke hiki i 60 cm, a me ke kaumaha i ka manawa like a hiki i 5 kg.
Ehia makahiki o ke ola ana o ke kea? ʻO ka lōʻihi e pili ana i nā kumu he nui, ma waena o ka mea nui ka mea nui. ʻO ka mea maʻamau ka lōʻihi o 12 mau makahiki, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kālā i kēia, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 9 mau makahiki.
Kūā
ʻO kēia mau ʻelele o nā cyprinid he ʻano maikaʻi ʻole, kūpono lākou no kahi kokoke i nā kino wai no ke ola. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa iā ʻoe me ka pilikia ʻole i nā muliwai aniani, i loko o nā loko iʻa me ka nui o ka lepo a me nā mea kanu. ʻO nā muliwai mauna a me nā loko wale nō ka makemake ʻole, ma ia wahi wai ʻaʻole lākou e aʻa iki.
He mea paʻakikī i kēia manawa ke hoʻoholo i kahi e hele mai ai ka iʻa kaulana, ʻike ʻia ia ma nā ʻāina he nui o ka honua ma muli o ke komo ʻana o ke kanaka. ʻO ka hana waiwai i hiki iā ia ke hoʻolaha i:
- Pōlani
- Kelemānia;
- Ikalia;
- Pokukala;
- Hunakalia;
- Romānia;
- Beritania Nui;
- Belarusa;
- Kasakana;
- Monokolia;
- Kina;
- ʻO Korea.
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā loko o ka ʻĀkau, ʻo nā wai anuanu o Siberia, Kolyma, Primorye ua lilo i mea maoli no ka ʻelele o ka ʻohana carp. ʻAʻole i manaʻo ʻia ʻo Carp he mea hoihoi i USA, Thailand, Pakistan, India a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe no mākou.
ʻai
ʻO kēia ʻelele o nā cyprinids i manaʻo ʻia he omnivorous, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe mea hiki ke ʻai ʻia. Eia naʻe, ʻokoʻa kona mau makemake ma muli o ke kahua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka makahiki:
- ʻO ka fry, ka mea i puka mai mai ka hua manu, hoʻohana i nā mea i loko o ka yolk bladder no ke ola maʻamau;
- daphnia a me nā algae uliuli-ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka ʻono o ka poʻe e hoʻomau nei i ka ulu ʻana;
- i kēlā me kēia mahina i nā ilo koko a me nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe;
- ʻOi aku ka nui o ka papaʻaina o ka poʻe mākua, ʻo ia hoʻi nā annelids, nā crustaceans liʻiliʻi, nā larvae insect, nā aʻa o nā mea kanu wai, nā kumu, duckweed, algae.
Ua lilo kekahi o nā ʻelele i mea ʻono maoli, ma muli o ke komo ʻana o ke kanaka, nā cereals i hoʻolapalapa ʻia, nā ʻōpala palaoa, ka palaoa me ka pata ua lilo i mea maʻamau no lākou. Ke hoʻohana nei ia i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu i kahi helu nui o kēia ichthyite. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka capricious crucian carp, i ka lā hoʻokahi ma ka waihona hoʻokahi hiki ke lawe i nā maunu ʻokoʻa.
ano
Carp predator a ʻaʻole paha? Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia ʻelele o nā cyprinid ma ke ʻano he ʻano iʻa maluhia, akā naʻe, i kekahi manawa hiki i nā poʻe nui ke ʻahaʻaina i kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī. Akā ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea āpau ke hiki i kēia, ʻo kekahi mau ʻano o ka genus he herbivores piha.
Aia i loko o ka genus kekahi mau ʻano, ʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia me kona pili i ka helehelena. E noʻonoʻo kākou i ka helu nui loa.
He gula a maʻamau paha (Carassius carassius)
He ake lōʻihi kēia ma waena o kāna ʻano, hiki i ke kanaka kiʻekiʻe ke ola a hiki i 5 mau makahiki, ʻoiai ma ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana hiki ke hiki:
- lōʻihi 50-60 cm;
- kaumaha a hiki i 6 kg.
Loaʻa ka puberty ma 3-4 mau makahiki, ʻoiai ʻo ka maʻamau a i ʻole ke gula ke loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa:
- ua palahalaha ke kino, poepoe a kiekie;
- kiʻekiʻe ka hope hope, waihoʻoluʻu ʻeleʻele i ke ʻano like me ka caudal;
- He ʻulaʻula ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū hoʻokahi a me ka lua;
- nui ka unahi, he kala keleawe;
- ʻAʻohe pigmentation ma ka ʻōpū, akā he kala ʻeleʻele ke kua.
Loaʻa iā ia kahi noho maʻamau ma ʻEulopa, ʻoiai ka prevalence e hoʻomaka ana mai nā wai anuanu o Beretania, Norewai, Suedena a me Switzerland, a pau i Italia, Sepania, Makedonia, Kroasia. He mea maʻalahi ka ʻike ʻana i kahi carp crucian o kēia ʻano ma Asia, Kina a me Mongolia ka mea maoli, a me ka ʻāpana ʻĀsia o Rūsia, ʻo ia hoʻi nā loko liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
Kālā (Carassius gibelio)
Ma mua, noho wale ʻo ia i ka Moana Pākīpika, ʻo ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka carp crucian o kēia ʻano, i hoʻomaka i ka waena o ka manaʻo 20th, ua kōkua iā ia e neʻe i kahi mamao kūpono. I kēia manawa hiki ke loaʻa ka ʻelele kālā o nā cyprinid ma:
- ʻAmelika ʻĀkau;
- Kina;
- ʻInia;
- Siberia;
- Ma ka hikina mamao;
- ʻUkelena;
- Pōlani;
- Belarusa;
- Lituania;
- Romānia;
- Kelemānia;
- Ikalia
- Portugal.
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kala ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kona pili gula:
- ka lōʻihi a hiki i 40 cm;
- ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o 4 kg.
ʻO ka manaʻolana ola he 8-9 mau makahiki, ʻaʻole loa he poʻe i hiki ke hiki i 12 mau makahiki.
ʻO nā ʻokoʻa o waho i ke kālā penei:
- ʻano like loa ke kino me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka genus;
- nui nō hoʻi nā unahi, akā he kala kala a ʻōmaʻomaʻo iki paha;
- ʻaneʻane ʻākala ka ʻili, he ʻulaʻula, ʻoliva, hina hina.
No kēia ʻano ka redfin carp, hiki i ke kālā ke hoʻololi i nā kūlana o kahi waihona hoʻokahi a hoʻololi iki i kona ʻano.
Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻano i nā ʻano noho like ʻole, i kekahi manawa e hoʻololi i kona ʻano, ʻo ia ke kumu o ke koho ʻana iā ia i kumu o kahi mea hou, i hānai ʻia.
ʻO Goldfish (Carassius auratus)
Ua hānai ʻia kēia ʻano ʻano, ua lawe ʻia ke kālā i kumu. ʻOi aku ma mua o ʻekolu haneli subspecies, ʻaneʻane kūpono lākou āpau no ka hānai ʻana i nā aquarium.
E ʻokoʻa ka iʻa gula ma nā ʻano like ʻole:
- ka lōʻihi mai 2 cm a 45 cm;
- kino palahalaha, ovoid, elongated, spherical;
- ʻokoʻa loa ka waihoʻoluʻu, aia nā iʻa o nā waihoʻoluʻu a pau o ke ānuenue;
- pōkole lōʻihi, e ulu ana e like me ka pepeke, uhi ʻia;
- liʻiliʻi a nunui nā maka, ʻōpuʻu.
ʻO kēia ʻano i kapa ʻia ʻo ka Chinese crucian carp.
Kepani (Carassius cuvieri)
Hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano i ka wai o Iapana a me Taiwan. ʻAʻohe ona hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa, koe wale nō ka lōʻihi o kona kino ma mua o ke kālā.
ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o ka iʻa hiki i 35-40 cm, akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o 3 kg.
I kēia mau lā, ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe lawaiʻa he nui nā mea i ʻike ʻia ma nā waihona i ka papa. I ka nānā ʻana, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka crucian carp mai nā poʻe mai ka loko a i ʻole ka loko, akā ʻoi aku ka hoihoi.
ʻOhana
ʻO ke ʻano o ka moekolohe, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hiki ke hoʻohua, i ka crucian carp aia ma 3-4 mau makahiki. I ka manawa hoʻokahi, hiki i ka wahine, ma ka awelika, ke waiho i 300 mau hua, a no ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ʻaʻole pono ʻo ia e loaʻa kahi male kāne ma kahi kokoke. Akā, nā mea mua.
Hoʻomaka ka manawa spawning ma ke ala waena ma ka hopena o Mei-hoʻomaka o Iune, ʻo ka mea nui ma aneʻi ʻo ka mahana o ka wai. Hiki i ka spawning wale nō ma 17-19 degere Celsius, ke kaʻina hana ponoʻī e hana ʻia i nā ala he nui, ʻo nā manawa ma lalo o 10 mau lā.
ʻO ka caviar o kahi ʻelele o nā cyprinid he melemele a he kiʻekiʻe ka paʻa, ʻo ia ka mea hōʻailona hope e kōkua iā ia e paʻa i kahi paʻa ma lalo o nā mea kanu a i ʻole nā aʻa. ʻO ka ulu hou ʻana e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ke kāne, ʻaʻole pono mai ka ʻano like.
No ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka genus me ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi kāne crucian carp kāne makua kāne, hiki i nā wahine ke hoʻomomona i nā hua:
- bream;
- kaʻa;
- kaʻa;
- ʻākala.
Hiki i ka waiu o ka iʻa gula ke komo i ka fertilization, ʻoiai ʻaʻole e pau. ʻO ka hopena o ka gynogenesis, ʻo ia ka inoa o kēia kaʻina hana, ʻo nā wahine wale nō mai nā hua i waiho ʻia e hānau ʻia.
Hiki ke hoʻomau i ka hoʻoulu ʻana a hiki i ʻAukake.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hana
ʻOi aku ka lohi o ka carp i ka nahele ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, ʻo ke kumu o kēia ka meaʻai. I ka nohona kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole e loaʻa i ka iʻa nā mea āpau e pono ai i ka nui kūpono, pono lākou e ʻimi mau i ka meaʻai no lākou iho. Me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka meaʻai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻelele o nā cyprinid e ulu wikiwiki a loaʻa ke kaumaha.
Pehea ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o ka crucian carp i loko o ka loko loko? ʻO ka ulu kūlohelohe ke ʻano penei:
- i ka makahiki mua o ke ola, loaʻa i ka iʻa ka nui o 8 g;
- i ka hopena o ka lua, ua kaumaha ʻo ia ma kahi o 50 g;
- i ka makahiki ʻekolu, he 100 g ke kaumaha o ke kino.
He 500 g ke kaumaha o kahi pahu makua no ka lawaiʻa mai ka loko iʻa hihiu. A ulu i ka hānai pinepine a hiki i 5 kg i ka makahiki like.
Loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hana:
- ka hiki ke hana hou me ke kāne ʻole o ka ʻano like;
- noho i waho o nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole i ka lepo;
- ka hoʻololi maikaʻi loa i kahi kokoke i nā kūlana ola;
- omnivore.
ʻEhia mau makahiki e ulu ai ka crucian carp i loko o ka loko, a he aha nā ala e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hopu ai?
Nā ʻano lawaiʻa
E hopu i ka carp a pau. Hiki ke kiʻi i ia iʻa me ka mea kahiko loa, akā naʻe, ua hana ʻia kekahi mau iʻa hou no ka crucian carp. Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai a hiki i ka hopena o ka hāʻule ʻana:
- donk me ka pulupulu ho'opa'i ha'alulu (elastic band);
- hoʻopā lana;
- mea pepehi carp no kekahi helu okoa o na mea hanai.
Hoʻonoho ka mea lawaiʻa i kēlā me kēia o lākou ma kona ala ponoʻī, no ka mea e ʻōlelo ai, nona iho. Nui nā ala a me nā koho, i ka wā e hiki mai ana mākou e haʻi i nā kikoʻī e pili ana i kēlā me kēia.
He mea paʻakikī ke kiʻi i kēia ʻelele o nā cyprinid mai ka hau. Pehea ka hooilo carp? Hoʻopili wale ia i loko o ka lepo i ka wā hau nui i ka hohonu o 0,7 m a kali i laila no nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole, me ka maloʻo nui.
Hoihoi e pili ana i nā crucians
ʻOiai uaʻikeʻia kā mākou pipi i nā mea he nui, aia kāna mau mea huna a me nā mea huna, a mākou e hōʻike iki nei:
- no ka hopu ʻana, hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ke kālika a i ʻole nā kulu anise i ka maunu, e hoʻowalewale kēia mau ʻala i ka carp crucian lohi loa me ka pecking piha;
- ua hoʻomaka lākou e hānai i nā mea hana ma Kina, a ua hana ʻia kēia i ke kenekulia ʻehiku AD;
- Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka iʻa gula e ka poʻe ʻepekema no ka hana ʻepekema, ʻo lākou ka poʻe iʻa mua i hele i ka lewa;
- maikaʻi loa ko lākou ʻala, hiki i kahi maunu ʻala ikaika ke huki i ka manaʻo o nā iʻa mai kahi mamao aku, aia ma kahi mamao mai ia;
- ʻO ke kino koʻikoʻi ka laina ʻaoʻao, ʻo ia ka mea e haʻi i ka crucian e pili ana i ka meaʻai, kahi o ka pōʻino kūpono, ka mamao kokoke i kekahi mea.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka carp no ka mahi ʻana, nui nā loko i uku ʻia me kēia ʻano ʻano. E ulu wikiwiki a ulu ka Carp me ka meaʻai kūpono, i loko o ʻelua mau makahiki e hiki ke hopu i nā mea mua.
He mea maʻamau ka iʻa carp a puni ka honua. Nui nā ʻano ʻano kaʻa, nui nā mea i hoʻokomo ʻia ma ʻaneʻi, aia nō hoʻi ka ʻula crucian carp. Loaʻa iā lākou ma nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, a ʻo ka mea ʻoi loa ka lanakila e hoʻoholo ʻia e ka mea lawaiʻa ponoʻī.