He kuʻuna lōʻihi ko Rūsia no ka ʻai ʻole ʻana i ka ʻiʻo i ka wā hoʻokē ʻai. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka vegetarianism hou, i kū mai ma ke Komohana i ka waena o ke kenekulia 1890. a i kēia manawa ke ʻike nei i kahi renaissance kupaianaha, hiki mai iā ia i ka makahiki 1917 wale nō. Mahalo i ka mana o LN Tolstoy, a me nā hana a nā mea ʻepekema e like me AN Beketov a me AI Voeikov, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi neʻe vegetarian ikaika ma Rūsia ma mua o ke Kaua Honua Mua. Ma ka puke no ka manawa mua ma ka kikoʻī, ma ke kumu o nā waihona waihona, hōʻike ʻia kāna moʻolelo. Hōʻike ʻia kahi leo o nā manaʻo meaʻai meaʻai ma nā hana a Leskov, Chekhov, Artsybashev, V. Solovyov, Natalia Nordman, Nazhivin, Mayakovsky, a me nā mea pena ʻo Paolo Trubetskoy, Repin, Ge a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui. Hōʻike ʻia nā hopena o nā hui meaʻai meaʻai, nā hale ʻaina, nā nūpepa, ke ʻano o nā kauka i ka vegetarianism; Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻano i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēia neʻe ʻana a hiki i kona hoʻopau ʻana ma hope o XNUMX, i ka wā i hoʻomau ʻia ai nā manaʻo meaʻai meaʻai wale nō i ka "utopia ʻepekema" a me ka "fiction science".
NG Chernyshevsky
"Ke hōʻike nei ka puke i kahi hale kiʻi o nā meaʻai meaʻai nui (L. Tolstoy, N. Chernyshevsky, I. Repin, etc.)" - ʻo ia ka hoʻolaha o ka puke ma 1992 ʻO ka mea kanu ma Rusia (NK-92-17 / 34, i manaʻo ʻia ka holo ʻana - 15, ka nui - 000 paʻi paʻi); ʻAʻole i ʻike ka puke i ka mālamalama o ka lā, ʻaʻole ma lalo o kēlā poʻo inoa. ʻO ka ʻōlelo ʻana he mea ʻai meaʻai ʻo NG Chernyshevsky (7 - 1828) e kāhāhā paha ka poʻe heluhelu i kāna moʻolelo socio-utopian. He aha e hana? ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka haʻawina kula koi ʻia. Akā i ka makahiki 1909 IN ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki i kekahi ke heluhelu i kēia memo:
“ʻOkakopa 17th. Ua hoʻolauleʻa ʻia ka makahiki iwakālua o ka make ʻana o Nikolai Grigorievich [sic!] Chernyshevsky.
ʻAʻole ʻike ka nui o ka poʻe like ʻole no ko mākou kahua hoʻomoana kēia manaʻo nui.
Ma ka helu 18 o ka puke "Nedelya" no ka makahiki 1893 e ʻike mākou i kēia mau mea (he mea hoihoi no nā mea ʻai meaʻai mai ke ola o NG Chernyshevsky i hala ma ka ʻākau loa ma Siberia). Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Nedelya i ka organ German Vegetarische Rundschau a kākau: "Ma Siberia, ma Kolymsk, kokoke i Yakutsk, ka mea kākau o ka puke What Is to Be Done ua noho pio ʻo ia no 15 mau makahiki. He māla liʻiliʻi kā ka mea i hoʻoneʻe ʻia, nāna i mahi iā ia iho; nana nui a nana pono i ka ulu ana o kona mau meakanu; ua hoʻokahe ʻo ia i ka lepo lepo o ka māla. Noho ʻo Chernyshevsky i ka meaʻai āna i hana ai, a ʻai wale i nā mea kanu.. Noho ʻo ia ma ke ʻano haʻahaʻa no ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa ʻaʻole ia e hoʻolilo i ka 120 rubles a ke aupuni i hāʻawi ai iā ia.
Ma ka pukana mua o ka puke pai no 1910, ma lalo o ke poʻomanaʻo "Letter to the Editor", ua paʻi ʻia kahi leka e kekahi Y. Chaga, e hōʻike ana ua komo nā hewa i loko o ka memo ma ka helu 8-9:
"ʻO ka mea mua, ua pio ʻo Chernyshevsky ma Siberia, ʻaʻole ma Kolymsk, akā ma Vilyuisk, ka ʻāina ʻo Yakutsk. <...> ʻO ka lua, ua pio ʻo Chernyshevsky ma Vilyuisk ʻaʻole 15, akā 12 mau makahiki.
Akā, ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi kēia <...>: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo Chernyshevsky i ka manawa hoʻokahi he mea ʻai meaʻai ʻike a koʻikoʻi. A eia au, ma ka hooiaio ana i ka oiaio o keia mau makahiki o ka noho pio ana o Chernyshevsky, he kanaka meaai maoli no, ke hai aku nei au i keia olelo mai ka buke Vl. Berenshtam "Kokoke i ka politika"; ua haʻi ka mea kākau i ka moʻolelo o ka wahine a ke kāpena e pili ana iā Chernyshevsky, kahi kokoke i kahi makahiki āna i noho ai ma Vilyuysk.
“ʻAʻole ʻo ia (ʻo ia ʻo Chernyshevsky) i ʻai i ka ʻiʻo a i ʻole ka berena keʻokeʻo, akā ʻo ka berena ʻeleʻele wale nō, ʻai i ka cereals, ka iʻa a me ka waiū ...
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā Chernyshevsky i ʻai i ka porridge, ka berena rye, ke kī, nā halo (i ke kauwela) a me ka waiū, ʻaʻohe iʻa. Aia kekahi manu hihiu ma Vilyuisk, akā ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ʻai ia a me ka pata. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i ʻai i kekahi mea ma ka hale o kekahi, e like me kāna nīnau ma mua. Hoʻokahi wale nō ma koʻu lā inoa ua ʻai au i kahi pai iʻa liʻiliʻi. Ua inaina no hoi ia i ka waina; inā, ua ʻike ʻo ia, i kēia manawa, ʻōlelo ʻo ia: 'E lawe aku, e lawe aku!' » ».
E pili ana i ka buke o Vl. Berenshtam, ua hiki ke hoomaopopoia ma ka makahiki 1904, J. Chaga, ma ka huakai ma ka mokuahi ma ka muliwai o Lena, ua halawai me Alexandra Larionovna Mogilova, ka wahine a ke kapena i oleloia. I kāna male mua, ua mare ʻia ʻo ia me ka luna hoʻomalu ʻole ʻo Gerasim Stepanovich Shchepkin. ʻO kēia kāne mua āna ʻo ia ke kahu hope loa o ka hale paʻahao ma Vilyuysk, kahi i noho pio ai ʻo Chernyshevsky i nā makahiki he 12. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kamaʻilio ʻana me ia (he ʻōlelo pōkole mai nā lehelehe o Shchepkin iā ia iho i paʻi ʻia e SF Mikhalevich i ka makahiki 1905. Waiwai Lūkini). I ka makahiki 1883, noho ʻo AL Mogilova (a laila ʻo Shchepkina) ma Vilyuisk. Wahi a kāna moʻolelo, ʻo Chernyshevsky, ka mea i ʻae ʻia e haʻalele i ka hale paʻahao mai ka wanaʻao a hiki i ka pō, e ʻohi ana i nā halo i ka nahele. ʻAʻohe pilikia o ka pakele ʻana mai nā ʻāhiu alanui ʻole. I ka hooilo, ua nui aku ka po, a ua oi aku ka ikaika o ka hau mamua o Irkutsk. ʻAʻohe mea kanu, lawe ʻia nā ʻuala mai kahi mamao mai e nā eunuka no 3 rubles i ka pood, akā ʻaʻole kūʻai ʻo Chernyshevsky iā lākou ma muli o ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe. He ʻelima mau pahu puke nui kāna. I ke kauwela, weliweli ka ʻeha mai nā makika: "I loko o ka lumi," i hoʻomanaʻo ai ʻo AL Mogilova, "aia kahi
E hōʻoia i ka moʻolelo o Vl. Hiki iā Berenshtam i kēia lā ma ke kumu o ka ʻikepili i loaʻa iā mākou ma ka palapala a Chernyshevsky. I ka makahiki 1864, no ke komo ʻana i nā haumāna a me ka poʻe mahiʻai haunaele o 1861-1862, a me nā hui pū me nā emigrants AI Herzen a me NP ʻehiku mau makahiki o ka hana hoʻoikaika i loko o nā mines kālā ʻo Irkutsk, ukali ʻia e ke ola pio. Mai Kekemapa 1871 a hiki i ʻOkakopa 1883 ua mālama ʻia ʻo ia ma ka noho ʻana o Vilyuisk, aia ma 450 mau kilomita ma ke komohana ʻākau o Irkutsk. ʻO nā leka a Chernyshevsky mai ka lawe pio ʻana ma laila, e pili ana i ka makahiki 1872-1883, hiki ke loaʻa ma nā puke XIV a me XV o nā hana piha a ka mea kākau; ma kahi hapa, ua lōʻihi loa kēia mau leka, ʻoiai ua hoʻouna ʻia ka leka iā Irkutsk i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia ʻelua mahina. Pono ʻoe e hoʻomau i ka hana hou ʻana i mea e pena ai i ke kiʻi piha.
ʻAʻole i pau ʻo Chernyshevsky i ka hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻana i kāna wahine ʻo Olga, nā keiki kāne ʻo Alexander a me Mikhail, a me Professor AN Pypin, kahi mea kākau moʻomeheu kaulana i kākoʻo i ka ʻohana o ka lawe pio ʻana me ke kālā, ua maikaʻi nā mea a pau iā ia: ʻaʻole i ke kauka, ʻaʻole hoʻi. i na laau lapaau, aole i kamaaina me na kanaka, aole hoi i ka oluolu, hiki ia'u ke noho maanei me ka poino ole o ko'u ola kino, a me ka luuluu ole, a me ka pilikia ole i ikeia e ko'u manao o ka ono. No laila ua kākau ʻo ia i kāna wahine ʻo Olga Sokratovna i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iune 1872, e noi ana iā ia e haʻalele i ka manaʻo e kipa aku iā ia. Ma kahi kokoke i kēlā me kēia leka - a ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu haneli o lākou - ʻike mākou i nā hōʻoiaʻiʻo he olakino ʻo ia a nele i kekahi mea, noi ʻole e hoʻouna ʻia ke kālā iā ia. 'Ōlelo pinepine ka mea kākau e pili ana i ke kūlana o kānaʻai a me ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā i ke pio ʻana: “Kākau wau i nā mea āpau e pili ana i ka meaʻai; no ka mea, ke manaʻo nei au, ʻo ia wale nō ka mea e hiki ai i kekahi ke kānalua i koʻu ʻoluʻolu ma ʻaneʻi. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi ma mua o koʻu makemake e like me koʻu ʻono a me koʻu pono <...> Noho wau ma ʻaneʻi, e like me ko lākou noho ʻana i ka wā kahiko, ke ola nei paha ka poʻe haku ʻāina waena ma ko lākou mau kauhale.
Kū'ē i nā manaʻo e hiki ai i nā moʻolelo i haʻi ʻia ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ʻo nā leka a Chernyshevsky mai Vilyuisk e ʻōlelo pinepine nei ʻaʻole wale no ka iʻa, akā no ka ʻiʻo.
I ka lā 1 o Iune, 1872, ua kākau ʻo ia i kāna wahine ua mahalo ʻo ia i ka ʻohana lokomaikaʻi e hoʻāʻo nei i kāna meaʻai: "Akahi, he paʻakikī ke loaʻa ka ʻiʻo a me ka iʻa." ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kūʻai ʻia ka ʻiʻo a me ka iʻa mai ʻApelila a ʻOkakopa a i Nowemapa paha. "Akā, mahalo i ko lākou [ʻohana] ikaika, ua lawa kaʻu i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻoiai he nui, ka ʻiʻo a i ʻole ka iʻa maikaʻi." ʻO kahi hopohopo koʻikoʻi, kākau ʻo ia, no nā Lūkini āpau e noho ana ma laila, ʻo ka ʻaina awakea. ʻAʻohe hale hale kahi e mālama maikaʻi ʻia ai nā meaʻai i ke kauwela: “A ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻai ʻia ka ʻiʻo i ke kauwela. Pono ʻoe e ʻai i ka iʻa. Noho pololi ka poe hiki ole ke ai i ka i'a. ʻAʻole pili iaʻu. ʻAi au i ka iʻa me ka leʻaleʻa a hauʻoli au i kēia hanohano physiological. Akā inā ʻaʻohe ʻiʻo, hiki i ka poʻe makemake ʻole i ka iʻa ke ʻai i ka waiū. ʻAe, ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou. Akā, mai koʻu hōʻea ʻana i ʻaneʻi, ua lilo ia i mea paʻakikī ma mua o ka wā ma mua: ʻo koʻu hakakā ʻana i ke kūʻai ʻana i ka waiū ua hoʻopilikia i kēia huahana ma ke kālepa kūloko. Ke ʻimi nei, ʻimi waiu - ʻaʻohe waiū; ua kūʻai ʻia a inu nā mea a pau e aʻu. ʻAe, ʻae. Kūʻai ʻo Chernyshevsky i ʻelua mau hue waiu i ka lā ("ma ʻaneʻi e ana lākou i ka waiū ma nā hue") - ʻo ia ka hopena o ka waiū ʻana i ʻekolu bipi. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka maikaʻi o ka waiū. Akā, no ka paʻakikī o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka waiū, inu ʻo ia i ke kī mai ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi. He ʻakaʻaka ʻo Chernyshevsky, akā naʻe, ma waena o nā laina ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo kahi kanaka haʻahaʻa loa i kahi kūlana unenviable me ka meaʻai. ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia ka palaoa. Ua kākau ʻo ia i kēlā me kēia makahiki ka lūlū ʻana o ka Yakuts (ma lalo o ka mana Lūkini) i ka palaoa - e hānau maikaʻi ʻia ma laila. No kona ono, ua moʻa maikaʻi ʻia ka berena a me ka meaʻai.
Ma kahi leka i kākau ʻia ma Malaki 17, 1876, ua heluhelu mākou: "No ke kauwela mua ma ʻaneʻi ua hoʻomanawanui au no hoʻokahi mahina, e like me nā mea a pau ma ʻaneʻi, ka nele o ka ʻiʻo hou. Akā, he iʻa kaʻu i kēlā manawa. A ma muli o ke aʻo ʻana mai ka ʻike, i ke kauwela aʻe ua mālama au i ka ʻiʻo iaʻu iho, a mai ia manawa ua hou ia i kēlā me kēia kauwela. - Pela no na mea kanu: i keia manawa, aole o'u hemahema. He nui nā manu ʻāhiu, ʻoiaʻiʻo. Iʻa - i ke kauwela, e like me ia: i kekahi manawa no kekahi mau lā ʻaʻohe; akā ma ka laulā, loaʻa iaʻu i ke kauwela - e like me kaʻu makemake; a i ka hooilo, he maikai mau ia: sterlet a me na i'a e ae like me ka sterlet. A ma Ianuali 23, 1877, ua hoʻolaha ʻo ia: “E pili ana i ka meaʻai, ua ʻike lōʻihi au i kēlā mau kuhikuhi o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ke hana ʻia ma nā wahi semi-wild a ʻilihune loa. ʻAʻole ʻike kēia poʻe i ka ʻiʻo. <...> ʻO kaʻu meaʻai nui, no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻo ka waiū. Inu wau i ʻekolu ʻōmole champagne i ka lā <…> ʻEkolu mau ʻōmole champagne he 5? paona waiu. <...> Hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo i kēlā, ma waho aʻe o ka waiū a me ke kī me ke kō, he mamao loa ia mai kēlā me kēia lā e pono ai iaʻu i ka paona berena a me ka hapahā o ka paona ʻiʻo. He ʻae kaʻu berena. Ua ʻike nō hoʻi ka poʻe ʻino o ka ʻāina i ka kuke ʻana i ka ʻiʻo.
Ua paʻakikī ʻo Chernyshevsky me kekahi o nā ʻano ʻai kūloko. ʻI he tohi ʻi he ʻaho 9 ʻo Siulai 1875, naʻá ne fakahaaʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi ongoʻi ko ʻení: “Maʻu ki he papa, ko ʻeku ngaahi meʻa ʻoku ʻi ai ha taimi leva ʻo māʻoniʻoni. Ua ʻaiʻē ka poʻe Lūkini kūloko i kekahi mea i kā lākou gastronomic manaʻo mai ka Yakuts. Makemake nui lākou i ka ʻai ʻana i ka pata pipi i ka nui kupaianaha. ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke hoʻokō i kēia no ka manawa lōʻihi: manaʻo ka mea kuke he mea pono ke kau i ka ʻaila i nā ʻano kīʻaha āpau naʻu. Ua hoʻololi au i kēia mau luahine <...> ʻaʻole i kōkua nā hoʻololi, ʻo kēlā me kēia mea aʻe ua lilo i mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻoluliluli ʻia ma ka hale kuke Yakut orthodoxy i ka hānai ʻana iaʻu i ka pata. <...> ʻO ka hope, ua loaʻa kekahi luahine i noho mua ma ka moku ʻo Irkutsk a he ʻano Lūkini maʻamau ka nānā ʻana i ka pata pipi.
Aia ma ia leka kekahi ʻōlelo koʻikoʻi e pili ana i nā mea kanu: "I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, no koʻu mālama ʻole, ʻaʻole wau i waiwai i nā mea kanu. Maʻaneʻi ua manaʻoʻia lākou he mea maikaʻi, he meaʻono, ma mua o kahi mea pono o ka meaʻai. I kēia kauwela, ua hoʻomanaʻo wau e hana i nā mea kanu e like me kaʻu e makemake ai e like me koʻu ʻono: ʻōlelo wau e kūʻai ana au i nā kāpeti āpau, nā kukama a pau, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e like me ka makemake o nā māla kūloko. kūʻai aku. <...> A e hoʻolako ʻia au me nā mea kanu i kahi nui, ʻaʻohe kānalua, ma mua o koʻu mau pono. <...> He ʻoihana ʻē aʻe kaʻu o ia ʻano: ʻohi halo. ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana aku i ʻelua kopecks i kekahi keiki Yakut, a e ʻohi ʻo ia i nā halo i ka lā hoʻokahi ma mua o ka hiki iaʻu ke mālama i ka pule holoʻokoʻa. Akā i mea e hala ai ka manawa ma ka lewa, hele au ma ka lihi o ka ululāʻau he kanakolu kapuaʻi mai koʻu hale aku a ʻohi i nā halo: nui lākou ma ʻaneʻi. Ma kahi leka i kākau ʻia ma Nowemapa 1, 1881, hāʻawi ʻo Chernyshevsky i ka ʻike kikoʻī e pili ana i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā halo.
Ma Malaki 18, 1875, hoʻomanaʻo ʻo ia i ke kūlana me nā mea kanu i Rusia ma kēia ʻano: "ʻO wau ʻo "Russian" ma aneʻi no nā poʻe ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi i ka Lūkini ma mua oʻu; akā, hoʻomaka nā "Russians" no lākou me Irkutsk; ma "Russia" - e noʻonoʻo: he mea liʻiliʻi nā kukama! A me ka ʻuala! A me kāloti! A maanei, aole ino na mea kanu; aka, i mea e ulu ai lakou, ua malamaia lakou, e like me ma Moscou a me St. Petersburg no na paina. "E hanau maikaʻi ʻia ka berena, ʻo ka palaoa."
A ʻo kekahi huaʻōlelo hou mai kahi leka lōʻihi i kākau ʻia i ka lā 17 o Malaki, 1876: “Ke kānalua nei ʻoe, e kuʻu hoaaloha, inā paha wau e noho maikaʻi nei ma ʻaneʻi. kanalua loa oe. <...> ʻO kaʻu meaʻai ʻaʻole ia he meaʻai Palani; aka, hoʻomanaʻo ʻoe, ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke kū i kekahi mau kīʻaha, koe wale nō ka kuke ʻana o ka Lūkini maʻalahi; ʻO ʻoe iho i koi ʻia e mālama i ka mea kuke e hoʻomākaukau i kahi meaʻai Lūkini naʻu, a ma waho aʻe o kēia kīʻaha ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole wau e ʻai i ka papaʻaina, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe mea. Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei ʻoe i koʻu hele ʻana i nā ʻahaʻaina me nā kīʻaha gastronomic, noho wau ma ka papaʻaina me ka ʻole ʻai ʻole. A i kēia manawa ua hōʻea koʻu makemake i nā kīʻaha nani a hiki ʻole iaʻu ke kū i ke kinamona a i ʻole cloves. <…>
Makemake au i ka waiū. ʻAe, hana maikaʻi ia iaʻu. He uuku ka waiu maanei: nui na bipi; akā ua hānai maikaʻi ʻia lākou, a hāʻawi ka bipi kūloko i ka waiū ma mua o ke kao ma Rusia. <...> A i loko o ke kūlanakauhale he kakaikahi nā bipi a lākou iho i nele ai i ka waiū. No laila, ma hope o koʻu hiki ʻana mai i ʻaneʻi, ʻehā mahina a ʻoi aʻe, noho wau me ka waiū ʻole, ʻaʻohe mea kūʻai aku; nele nā kānaka a pau iā lākou iho. (Ke kamaʻilio nei au e pili ana i ka waiū hou. Ua maloʻo ka waiū ma Siberia. ʻAʻole ʻono hou ka ʻono. Nui ka waiu hau ma ʻaneʻi. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke inu.)
Ma kahi leka i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka lā 3 ʻApelila, 1876, ʻōlelo ka poʻe pio: “He laʻana: aia nā sardines ma ʻaneʻi, nui nā meaʻai hiki ke ʻano. Ua ʻōlelo au: "nui" - ʻaʻole, ʻaʻole nui ko lākou helu: ʻaʻohe poʻe waiwai ma ʻaneʻi; a ʻo ka mea i loaʻa nā waiwai maikaʻi i hoʻopuka ʻia mai Yakutsk ma kona waihona home e hoʻolilo liʻiliʻi ia. Akā, ʻaʻohe hemahema o lākou. <...> No ka laʻana, i ka manawa aʻu i makemake ai i kekahi mau pretzels Moscow ma kahi pāʻina, ua ʻike ʻia ua makemake lākou, nā kuki. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa iā lākou? - "E kala mai iaʻu!" – “Pehea?” - Ua hoʻololi ʻia he 12 a i ʻole 15 paona ke loaʻa, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia iaʻu. <…> I kēia manawa, e ʻai au i 12 paona kuki me kaʻu kī. <...> He nīnau ʻokoʻa loa: ua ʻai anei au i kēia mau paona kuki a kākau wau iaʻu iho i ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka ʻoluʻolu like? ʻOiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole. Hiki iaʻu ke hoihoi i kēlā mau mea liʻiliʻi?
Ma nā mea e pili ana i ka meaʻai, ʻo Chernyshevsky, ʻoiaʻiʻo, i kekahi manawa hoʻokele maʻalahi. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o kēia ka "moʻolelo me ka lemon", e like me ka mea i hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia e ka mea kākau moʻolelo, "kaulana ma Vilyuisk". Hāʻawi lākou iā ia i ʻelua mau lemona hou - he mea laʻa loa i kēia mau wahi - ʻo ia, e kau ana i nā "makana" ma ka windowsill, poina loa iā lākou, ʻo ia ka hopena, ua maloʻo nā lemona a me ka pohō; i kekahi manawa hoʻouna lākou iā ia i nā kuki me nā ʻalemona a me nā mea like no kahi hoʻomaha. "He mau paona wale no." Hoʻokomo ʻo Chernyshevsky i ka hapa nui o ia mea i loko o kahi pahu kahi i mālama ʻia ai ke kō a me ke kī. I kona nānā ʻana i loko o kēlā pahu i ʻelua pule ma hope, ua ʻike ʻo ia he palupalu nā kuki, palupalu, a ʻeleʻele a puni. "ʻakaʻaka".
Ke ho'āʻo nei ʻo Chernyshevsky e uku no ka nele o nā mea kanu ma ka ʻohi ʻana i nā hua ulu lāʻau. Ma ʻAukake 14, 1877, kākau ʻo ia i kāna keiki ʻo Alexander: “He kakaikahi nā mea kanu ma ʻaneʻi. Akā he aha kaʻu e ʻai ai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi ko lākou hemahema ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o nā lingonberry ma aneʻi. I loko o hoʻokahi mahina e oʻo ia, a e hoʻohana mau wau. A i ka lā 25 o Pepeluali i ka makahiki 1878, haʻi akula ʻo ia iā AN Pypin: “Ua ʻike au ke kaumaha nei au. Ua ʻai au i nā lingonberries i ka wā e loaʻa ai iaʻu. Ua ʻai au ma ka paona.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo aʻe e pili ana i ka lā 29 o Mei, 1878: “I nehinei ua loaʻa iaʻu kahi ʻike gastronomic. Nui nā currants ma ʻaneʻi. Hele au ma waena o kona mau lāʻau a ʻike: ua pua ʻo ia. <...> A mai kekahi kaʻina hana ʻē aʻe, piʻi pololei i loko o koʻu mau lehelehe kekahi pūʻulu pua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā lau ʻōpiopio. Ua hoʻāʻo au e ʻike inā ʻono pū nā pua me nā lau ʻōpiopio. A ai iho la; me he mea la ia'u: ua like ia me ka saladi; ʻoi aku ka palupalu a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. ʻAʻole au makemake i ka saladi. Akā makemake wau. A nahu au i ka nahele o ʻekolu currants. "He ʻike ʻaʻole hiki ke manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia nā gastronomes: ʻo nā currant ka ʻano lettuce maikaʻi loa." ʻOkakopa 27, 1879 - kahi helu like: “ʻEhia nā currants aʻu i hōʻiliʻili ai i kēia kauwela ma mua o nā ana a me nā mea hiki. A - e noʻonoʻo: e kau mau ana nā pūpū o nā currant ʻulaʻula ma luna o nā lāʻau; hoʻokahi lā hau, hoʻoheheʻe hou kekahi lā. ʻOno loa nā mea hau hau; ʻaʻole i like ka ʻono me ke kauwela; a manaʻo wau ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Inā ʻaʻole au i makaʻala loa i kaʻu meaʻai, inā ua ʻai au iaʻu iho ma luna o lākou.
He mea paʻakikī ke hoʻokuʻikahi i nā leka a Chernyshevsky i kamaʻilio ʻia i kona ʻohana me nā hōʻike mai Vl. ʻO Berenshtam a me ka hōʻike a Mogilova e pili ana i ka nohona meaʻai meaʻai o ka mea kākau mai ka makahiki hope o ka lawe pio ʻana. Akā, hiki nō paha? I loko o kahi leka i kākau ʻia i ka lā 15 o Iune, 1877, ua ʻike mākou i kēia ʻōlelo ʻana: “… Ke ʻae koke nei au i ke kiʻekiʻe hiki ʻole o kekahi kuke ma luna oʻu i nā mea āpau o ke kīhini: – ʻAʻole au i ʻike iā ia a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike iā ia, no ka mea he paʻakikī ia. ʻaʻole wau e ʻike i ka ʻiʻo ʻulaʻula maka wale nō, akā ʻo ka ʻiʻo o ka iʻa e mālama mau ana i kona ʻano maoli. E kala mai, aneane hilahila. Hoʻomanaʻo ʻoe, ʻai liʻiliʻi loa wau i ka ʻaina ahiahi. Hoʻomanaʻo ʻoe, ʻai mau wau i koʻu hoʻopiha ʻaʻole i ka ʻaina ahiahi, akā ma mua a ma hope paha - ʻai wau i ka berena. ʻAʻole au makemake e ʻai i ka ʻiʻo. Aʻo kēia me aʻu mai ka wā kamaliʻi. ʻAʻole au e ʻōlelo ana he maikaʻi koʻu manaʻo. Akā, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ke ʻano.
Ma kahi leka lōʻihi loa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma Ianuali 30, 1878, ua unuhi ʻo Chernyshevsky iā Olga, me ka hoʻopōkole hapa ʻana i ka kikokikona, "he ʻatikala a kekahi o nā mea ʻepekema kaulana loa, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻo ia kekahi o nā kauka naʻauao loa ma Kelemania, mai laila mai. kokoke i ka nui o ka ʻike lapaʻau e ko mākou mau kauka maikaʻi. ʻO Paul Niemeyer ka mea kākau o ka ʻatikala, i noho ma Magdeburg. “Ua kapa ʻia ka ʻatikala: 'Popular Medicine and Personal Health Care.' Ka moʻomeheu a me ka mōʻaukala o Paul Niemeyer "".
ʻO kēia ʻatikala, e pili ana i ke kuleana pilikino o ke kanaka nona iho; Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Chernyshevsky: "Pono kēlā me kēia kanaka e mālama i kona ola ʻana, <...> alakaʻi wale ke kauka iā ia ma ka lima." A hoʻomau ʻo ia: "Akā, wahi a Paul Niemeyer, aia ma kahi liʻiliʻi o ka poʻe i hoʻoholo e ola e like me nā lula o ka maʻemaʻe. ʻO kēia nā mea ʻai meaʻai (kūʻē i ka meaʻai ʻiʻo).
Loaʻa iā Paul Niemeyer i loko o lākou ka nui o ka eccentricity, pono ʻole no ka poʻe naʻauao. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ʻaʻole ʻo ia e ʻaʻa e ʻōlelo maikaʻi: "ʻo ka ʻiʻo he meaʻai ʻino." Akā ʻo kāna mea i manaʻo ai ʻo ia ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. “Aole au i manao pela.
ʻAʻole wau e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kou olakino, e kaʻu aloha Lyalechka, akā no koʻu leʻaleʻa ponoʻī.
Ua lōʻihi koʻu manaʻoʻiʻo ua kuhihewa nā kauka a me nā physiologists i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke kanaka ma ke ʻano he mea ʻai kino. ʻO nā niho a me ka ʻōpū, i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia o kēia ʻano, ʻaʻole like ia i ke kanaka me nā mammals carnivorous. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo he mea ʻino ia no ke kanaka. I koʻu hoʻomaka ʻana e noʻonoʻo i kēia ʻano, ʻaʻole i loaʻa iaʻu kekahi mea i loko o nā puke o nā loea koe wale nō kahi kūʻē kūʻē i kēia manaʻo: "ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻiʻo ma mua o ka berena," wahi a nā mea a pau. Ma kahi liʻiliʻi, ua hoʻomaka kekahi mau ʻōlelo hōʻeuʻeu e ʻike paha mākou (nā kauka a me nā physiologists) he mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa loa i ka berena, he ʻiʻo hoʻokiʻekiʻe loa. I kēia manawa, ʻōlelo pinepine lākou, ʻoi aku ka wiwo ʻole. A ʻo kekahi loea ʻē aʻe, e like me kēia Paul Niemeyer, ua manaʻo nui ʻo ia he meaʻai ka ʻiʻo na ke kanaka, he mea ʻino paha. Eia naʻe, ʻike wau ua hoʻonui wau i kona manaʻo, e hoʻopuka ana ma kaʻu ʻōlelo ponoʻī. 'Ōlelo waleʻo ia:
"ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke ʻae i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ʻiʻo hiki ke lilo i lula. He mea ʻono ia”.
A ma hope iho, hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo ia i ka poʻe ʻai meaʻai hoʻowahāwahā i ka ʻai; a ua oi aku ka pakela ai i ka io mamua o na mea e ae.
ʻAʻole loa au i makemake i ka eccentric. ʻAi nā kānaka a pau i ka ʻiʻo; nolaila, ua like ia ia'u: ke ai nei au i ka mea a hai. Akā—akā, ʻaʻole pili kēia mau mea a pau. Ma ke ʻano he ʻepekema, hauʻoli wau i ka ʻike ʻana i ka pololei, i koʻu manaʻo, ke ala ʻepekema o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka pilina ma waena o ka berena a me ka ʻiʻo ʻaʻole i hōʻole ʻole ʻia e nā loea. No laila ua ʻōlelo wau e pili ana i koʻu leʻaleʻa aʻo.
Ma kahi leka i kākau ʻia ma ʻOkakopa 1, 1881, hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo Chernyshevsky i kāna wahine: "I kekahi manawa e kākau wau iā ʻoe i nā kikoʻī e pili ana i kaʻu meaʻai a me nā mea a pau e like me ia, i ʻike maopopo ai ʻoe i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kaʻu hōʻoia mau ʻē aʻe:" Ke ola maikaʻi nei au, Loaʻa nā mea a pau e pono ai iaʻu ", ʻaʻole kūikawā, ʻike ʻoe, he mea aloha i ka waiwai." Akā ua hāʻawi ʻia nā "mea kikoʻī" i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka leka like:
“ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke ʻike i ka ʻiʻo maka; a ke ulu nei na mea a pau iloko o'u. Ma mua, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke ʻike wale i ka ʻiʻo o nā mea momona a me nā manu; nana i ka ia me ka manao ole. I kēia manawa paʻakikī iaʻu ke nānā aku i ka ʻiʻo iʻa. Maʻaneʻi hikiʻole keʻai wale i ka meaʻai mea kanu; a ina he mea hiki, e hele malie ana paha oia i na ai io a pau.
Me he mea lā ua maopopo ka nīnau. ʻO Chernyshevsky, mai ka wā kamaliʻi, e like me nā keiki he nui - e like me kā Rousseau i kuhikuhi ai - ua ʻike i kahi ʻano kūlohelohe i ka ʻiʻo. Ma muli o kona makemake ponoʻī i ka ʻepekema maikaʻi, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e ʻimi i ka wehewehe ʻana no kēia makemake ʻole, akā ke alo nei i nā manaʻo like ʻole o nā kukui o ka ʻepekema, i hōʻike ʻia he ʻoiaʻiʻo hiki ʻole ke hōʻole ʻia. A ma kahi ʻatikala a Niemeyer i ka makahiki 1876 i ʻike ai ʻo ia i wehewehe no kona mau manaʻo. ʻO ka leka a Chernyshevsky i kākau ʻia ma Ianuali 30, 1878 (nānā ma luna: c. yy pp. 54 – 55) i kākau mua ʻia ma mua o ka ʻatikala a AN Beketov "Human nutrition in his present and future" i puka ʻia ma ʻAukake o ia makahiki hoʻokahi. No laila, ʻo Chernyshevsky paha ka ʻelele mua o ka Russian intelligentsia nāna, ma ke kumu, haʻi ʻo ia iā ia iho he kākoʻo i ka nohona meaʻai.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma Vilyuisk Chernyshevsky i ʻai i ka ʻiʻo a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā iʻa ʻaʻole kānalua, akā pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e pale aku i kona mau hoalauna mai ka hopohopo, a me kāna wahine ʻo Olga, no ka mea, e like me nā manaʻo i manaʻo ʻia, ua manaʻo ʻia ka ʻiʻo. ka meaʻai nui loa. Ua lawa ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka hopohopo mau o SA Tolstoy, inā paha e hoʻopōkole ke aupuni meaʻai i ke ola o kāna kāne.
ʻO Chernyshevsky, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua maopopo ʻo ia e hiki ke wehewehe ʻia kona olakino maikaʻi e ke alakaʻi ʻo ia i kahi "ʻano ola kūpono loa" a mālama mau i nā "rule o ka maʻemaʻe": "No ka laʻana: ʻAʻole au e ʻai i kekahi mea paʻakikī. ka ʻōpū. Nui nā manu ʻāhiu ma ʻaneʻi, mai nā ʻano ʻiole a me nā ʻano ʻeleʻele. Aloha au i kēia mau manu. Akā ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o lākou ma mua o ka pipi. ʻAʻole au e ʻai iā lākou. Nui nā iʻa maloʻo ma ʻaneʻi, e like me ka salmon. Aloha au iā ia. Akā, kaumaha ma ka ʻōpū. ʻAʻole au i lawe i loko o koʻu waha i kēia mau makahiki.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka makemake o Chernyshevsky no ka meaʻai meaʻai ʻaʻole ma muli o ka manaʻo kūpono a me ka hopohopo no nā holoholona, akā he mea ia o ka nani a, e like me kā Niemeyer i hoʻolaha ai, ʻano "maʻemaʻe". Ma ke ala, he haʻahaʻa ko Chernyshevsky e pili ana i ka waiʻona. Ua hāʻawi aku kāna keikiʻo Alexander i kona makuakāne i ka'ōlelo aʻo a nā kauka Lūkini e inu i ka waiʻona - vodka, no ka laʻana, ināʻaʻole ka waina waina. Akā ʻaʻole pono ʻo ia i ka waiʻona a i ʻole gentian a i ʻili ʻalani: “Ua mālama maikaʻi wau i koʻu ʻōpū. <...> A he mea maʻalahi loa kēia iaʻu ke nānā aku: ʻAʻole oʻu makemake iki i ka ʻai ʻai a i ʻole kekahi mea lapuwale. A makemake mau au i ka haʻahaʻa loa i kaʻu meaʻai. <...> ʻO ka waina māmā loa he hopena paʻakikī iaʻu; ʻaʻole ma ke aʻalolo - ʻaʻole - akā ma ka ʻōpū. Ma kahi leka i kāna wahine i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka lā 29 o Mei, 1878, haʻi ʻo ia i ka moʻolelo o kekahi lā, e noho ana i kahi pāʻina nani, ua ʻae ʻo ia e inu i ke kīʻaha waina no ka maikaʻi, a laila ʻōlelo ʻo ia i ka mea nona ka hale: "E ʻike ʻoe. inu au; ʻAe, e Madeira, ʻaʻole wale kekahi waina nāwaliwali. Poha ka ʻakaʻaka o nā kānaka a pau. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka pia, "maʻalahi, pia Lūkini maʻamau."
He mea ko'iko'i loa ka ho'āpono 'ana o Chernyshevsky i kāna 'ai 'ai sporadic ma muli o ka makemake 'ole (cf. above, p. 55 yy) e kū i waho o ka lehulehu - he pilikia a ka po'e mea 'ai mea'ai ke alo nei i ka nohona hou; E hoʻomanaʻo kākou i nā ʻōlelo a Tomasz Mazarik i haʻi ʻia e Makowicki, nāna i wehewehe i ke kumu, ʻoiai ʻo kāna mau "mea kanu" inclinations, hoʻomau ʻo ia e ʻai i ka ʻiʻo (cf. below, p. 105 yy).
ʻIke ʻia ka mahalo i nā huaʻai i kahi leka mai Chernyshevsky i ka lā 3 Nowemapa 1882. Ua ʻike ʻo ia ua kūʻai kāna wahine i hale ma Saratov a e kanu ana i kahi māla: "Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā kīhāpai, i kapa ʻia ʻo" māla "ma Saratov. ʻO ia hoʻi, e pili ana i nā māla lāʻau huaʻai, a laila ua manaʻo mau wau i ka cherry ʻo ia ka mea nani loa o kā mākou mau kumu hua. Maikaʻi a me ka lāʻau pea. <...> I koʻu wā kamaliʻi, ua noho ʻia kekahi hapa o ko mākou pā hale i kahi māla, mānoanoa a nani. Aloha koʻu makuakāne i ka mālama lāʻau. <...> Ua aʻo anei ʻoe i kēia manawa ma Saratov pehea e hoʻokō ai i kahi ulu kūpono o nā hua waina?
I nā makahiki o ko Chernyshevsky'ōpiopio ma Saratov aia nā "māla lepo" kahi, - hoʻomauʻo ia, - ulu maikaʻi nā kumulāʻau hua, - me he mea lā,ʻo nā apricots a me nā peaches. - Ua ulu maikaʻi nā Bergamots i nā māla maʻalahi i pale ʻole ʻia mai ka hoʻoilo. Ua aʻo anei ka poʻe māla ʻo Saratov i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano lāʻau apple? - I koʻu wā kamaliʻi, ʻaʻohe "reinette" ma Saratov. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa paha lākou? A inā ʻaʻole ʻoe, a laila e hoʻāʻo e hana me lākou a me nā hua waina a lanakila. ”
E hoʻomanaʻo hoʻi kākou i ka makemake no ka hema, i ʻike ʻia ma ka moeʻuhane ʻehā o Vera Pavlovna mai ka moʻolelo. He aha e hana? - e pili ana i kekahi ʻano "New Russia", i ʻike ʻia ma kahi kokoke i ke Kaiwa Persian, kahi i uhi ai nā Lūkini i "nā mauna hū ʻole me kahi papa honua mānoanoa, a ulu nā ulu lāʻau kiʻekiʻe ma luna o lākou i waena o nā kīhāpai: ma lalo o nā lua o ka wai. kanu o ka laau kofe; ma luna o nā lāʻau lāʻau, nā lāʻau fiku; nā māla waina i hui pū ʻia me nā mahi kō; aia nō ka palaoa ma ke kula, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka laiki…”.
Ua hoʻi mai ʻo Chernyshevsky i Astrakhan a ma laila ʻo ia i hui hou ai me Olga Sokratovna, i kā lākou mau leka ma hope ʻaʻole lākou e kamaʻilio hou e pili ana i ka meaʻai, akā no ka makaʻu i ke ola, e pili ana i nā pilikia palapala a me ka hana unuhi, e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā e hoʻolaha i ka mana Lūkini. o ka Brockhaus encyclopedia a me kāna mau pōpoki ʻelua. Hoʻokahi wale nō ʻōlelo ʻo Chernyshevsky "ʻo kēlā Persian kūʻai aku i nā hua āu e ʻōlelo mau ai iaʻu e lawe" ʻo ka lua o ka ʻōlelo ʻana o ka meaʻai i loaʻa i loko o kahi moʻolelo koʻikoʻi o nā lilo, ʻo nā mea liʻiliʻi loa: "ʻo ka iʻa (maloʻo)" i kūʻai ʻia nona no 13 kopecks.
No laila, ʻo ka ʻike e pili ana i nā "manaʻo mea kanu" a Chernyshevsky i hele mai iā mākou wale nō ma muli o nā hana hoʻokaumaha o ke aupuni tsarist: inā ʻaʻole ia i lawe pio ʻia, a laila ʻaʻole paha mākou i ʻike i kekahi mea e pili ana iā ia.