He aha kā mākou e ʻōlelo nei e pili ana i ka noho makua ʻana? Nā mākua hoʻokaʻawale a kaʻawale paha, nā kāne male kāne like, mau mākua ma hope ... ʻO ka nui o nā hanana i alakaʻi i ʻelua mau mākua e hānai i kahi keiki. ʻO ka pilina ma waena o kahi keiki a me kāna mau mākua ʻelua, ʻokoʻa ka pilina o ka hope.

Hōʻike ʻia ma ʻItalia, kēia manawa o ka noho makua ʻana ma ka hoʻomaka o ka ʻAhahui o nā Mākua Hoʻokaʻawale, e kaua aku i nā ʻokoʻa i kau ʻia i ka mālama ʻana o nā keiki i ka wā o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana. ʻO kēia huaʻōlelo, i lawe ʻia e Farani, wehewehe i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e hoʻohana nā mākua ʻelua i ke kuleana e lilo i makua o kā lāua keiki, me ka noho ʻole ma lalo o ka hale like a male paha.

Hoʻohana ʻia kēia huaʻōlelo e hoʻokaʻawale i ka paʻa male, hiki ke haki, mai ka pili makua a keiki e mau nei, me nā hakakā a nā mākua. Ua hoʻolilo nā hui a nā mākua i ko lākou hae e kaua kūʻē i ka hoʻokae ma waena o nā kāne, i ka wā o ka hemo ʻana, a pale aku i ka lawe ʻino ʻana o ke keiki me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano manaʻo e hoʻomohala i ke keiki. makua a Medea ”.

Wahi a ke kānāwai Farani, “ʻo ka mana o nā mākua kahi pono o nā kuleana akā he mau kuleana hoʻi. ʻO kēia mau kuleana a me nā kuleana i ka pono o ke keiki ”(ʻatikala 371-1 o ke Kānāwai Kivila). "No laila ʻo ia nō ka mea maikaʻi no nā keiki ʻoi loa ke kuleana e alakaʻi, e like me ka makua ʻana".

ʻIke ʻia ma ke ʻano he makua o kahi keiki hoʻoholo i nā kuleana a me nā kuleana e like me:

• mālama o ke keiki;
• nā kuleana e nānā i kā lākou mau pono;
• hōʻoia i kāna ukali olakino;
• kāna kula ʻana;
• ke kuleana e lawe iā ia i nā huakaʻi;
• kuleana no kāna hana ma ke kūlana kūpono a me ke kānāwai, ʻoiai he ʻōpio ia;
• ka mālama ʻana i kāna waiwai a hiki i ka hapanui o kāna.

Wahi a ka puke wehewehe kānāwai, he maʻalahi ka co-makua "ka inoa i hāʻawi ʻia i ka hana hui e nā mākua ʻelua o" kamana makua".

Pili ka huaʻōlelo co-makua i ʻelua mau mākua, inā ʻelua a ʻelua paha, e hānai nei i kahi keiki, manaʻo ʻelua nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua i kēia keiki, a ʻike ʻia e ke keiki ponoʻī kona mau mākua.

Hiki iā lākou ke:

• kona mau mākua olaola, me ka nānā ʻole i ko lākou kūlana male;
• kona makua hānau a me kāna wahine hou;
• ʻelua mau mākua o ka wahine like, i hoʻopili ʻia e kahi hui kīwila, ka male ʻana, ka ʻohana hānai, ka hakahaka a i ʻole ka kōkua ʻana i ka lāʻau.

Wahi a ke Kanawai Kivila, ʻatikala 372, "e hana like nā makuakāne a me nā makuahine i ka mana makua. Eia nō naʻe, hāʻawi ke Kānāwai Kivila i nā hoʻokoe: nā hiki o ka ʻaihue ʻana i ka mana makua a me ka ʻelele o kēia mana i nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu ”.

Ua ʻae ka male no nā mea āpau i nā kāne a me ke kāne e ʻike ʻia e ke kānāwai ma ke ʻano he kū kānāwai.

Akā kau ʻia ke kānāwai Farani i nā lula e pili ana i ka hāpai ʻana o ke keiki a me ka mana o nā mākua, ka hemo a i ʻole ka hānai.

Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke kumu kānāwai i hānau ʻia ai a lawe ʻia ai ke keiki, e hāʻawi ʻia i kāna mālama a me ka mana o ka makua i hoʻokahi kanaka, i kahi kāne male, a i ʻole i kekahi o nā mākua ola i ka pilina me kahi ʻaoʻao ʻekolu, etc.

No laila ʻaʻole ka mana makua ka mea e hānau ai, akā no ka ʻae ʻia i ke kānāwai. ʻAʻohe mana kū kānāwai ma Palani nā ʻaelike Surrogacy i kau inoa ʻia i nā ʻāina ʻē (no ka mea ua pāpā ʻia ma Farani).

I Palani, mālama ʻia ka hānau kōkua no nā mākua heterosexual. A inā loaʻa ka infertility a makaʻu paha o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi i ke keiki.

ʻO kekahi mau pilikino, e like me Marc-Olivier Fogiel, ka mea kākau moʻolelo, hōʻike i ka huakaʻi paʻakikī e pili ana i kēia ʻike o ka makua ma kāna puke: "He aha ka pilikia o koʻu ʻohana? ".

No kēia manawa, hoʻokumu paʻa ʻia kēia loulou ma kahi ʻē aʻe ma hope o ka ʻaelike a ka makuahine pani hakahaka i kope ʻia i loko o nā papa inoa o ke kūlana kīwila Palani ʻaʻole wale ma ka mea i koho ʻia i ka makua kāne olaola akā ʻo ka makua hoʻi. o ka manaʻo - makuakāne a i ʻole makuahine paha.

Eia nō naʻe, no ka PMA, he kuleana jurisprudential wale nō kēia kūlana a ma waho o ka ʻae ʻana i ke keiki a ka wahine a ka wahine, ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe e hoʻokumu i kāna pili o ka ʻohana.

No kēia manawa, ʻaʻole ʻike ka papahana kānāwai Farani i kekahi kuleana i ka makua no nā mākua wāwae, akā he mau kumu ʻē aʻe kekahi.

• ʻelele hana manawaleʻa: lhāʻawi ka ʻatikala 377 i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo: ” hiki i ka luna kānāwai ke hoʻoholo i ka ʻelele a hapa paha o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana makua i kahi "ʻohana pono" ma ke noi a nā mākua kāne a me nā mākuahine, e hana pū ana a i ʻole ma kahi kaʻawale "ke koi ʻia nā kūlana". I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, inā kekahi o nā mākua, i ka ʻaelike me ke keiki e noi ai pēlā, hiki i kekahi o nā mākua ke hoʻonele ʻia i kāna mau kuleana makua no ka ʻaoʻao ʻekolu;
• ʻelele i hāʻawi ʻia: lHoʻolālā ʻo ia Senate e ʻae i ka mākua-makua e "komo i ka hana o ka mana makua me ka ʻole o kekahi o nā mākua e nalo ana i kā lākou kuleana kuleana. Eia nō naʻe, mau ka ʻae o ka hope i ka pono ”;
• keiki hānai: inā piha a maʻalahi paha, lawe ʻia kēia kaʻina hana hānai e hoʻololi i ka pilina o ka mākua a me ka makua. Hoʻopili kēia ala i ka manaʻo o ka filiation e hoʻoili ʻia i ka makua-step i ke keiki.