ʻO ka tailbone (mai ka Greek kokkuks), aia ma lalo o ka sacum, ʻo ia ka iwi o ka hapa hope o ka iwi kuamoʻo. Kōkua ia i ka hāpai ʻana i ke kaumaha o ke kino.

ʻO ka iwi huelo, he iwi ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka iwi kuamoʻo. ʻO ia ka hopena akā ʻaʻole mālama i ka iwi iwi. He ʻano triangular kona, ke kuhikuhi ʻia nei ke kiko i lalo a loaʻa i ka pae o ka anus. Aia ma lalo o ka sacum, hana pū ia me ka hope o ka ʻaoʻao hope o ka pelvis bony.

Hana ʻia ia ʻekolu a ʻelima paha, liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka vertebrae coccygeal i hui pū ʻia e nā hono a me nā ligament. He koena ia o ka huelo mamala.

Kākoʻo ka huelo i ka iwi kuamoʻo a pēlā e hāʻawi ai i ke kākoʻo axial o ke kino.

Hoʻopili ʻia me nā iwi o ka ʻūhā a me ka sacum, ʻo ka coccyx kekahi o ke pelvis ke kuleana nui o ke kākoʻo ʻana i ke kaupaona o ke kino kiʻekiʻe.

Haki ʻo Coccyx : ke hana pinepine ʻia ma hope o ka hāʻule nui ʻana ma ka ʻūhā, akā hiki ke kumu ʻia hoʻi e ka hānau hānau ʻana (ka haki ʻana o ka ʻenekini ma muli o ka hele ʻana o ka pēpē), kahi maʻi e hoʻonāwaliwali ai nā iwi (osteoporosis) a i ʻole ke koʻikoʻi mechanical i kau ʻia ma luna o ka pēpē. kōkoi Kuhi kēia haʻihaʻi i nā hihia āpau i kahi ʻeha ʻoi loa e hoʻopilikia i ke kūlana noho. ʻO ka hoʻomaha maʻamau a me ka lawe ʻana i nā painkillers a me nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory ua lawa no ka hoʻōla. ʻO ka haki ʻeha loa, koi ʻia ʻoe e noho ma kahi ʻūlū kūpono e like me kahi buoy a i ʻole kahi cushion hollow. I kekahi mau hanana kakaikahi loa, hele pū ka haki me ke aniani o ka iwi. A laila pono e pani ʻia e ka mea i komo ma lalo o ka anesthesia ākea.

ʻO Coccygodynie : ka ʻeha mau i ka tailbone, hoʻonui ʻia ke noho a kū paha (5). ʻO nā kumu, pinepine i ka traumatic, hiki ke nui: he haki, hāʻule me kahi haʻalulu nui, kahi noho maikaʻi a hoʻolōʻihi ʻia paha (e like me ka hoʻokele), hānau keiki, maʻi (6) hōʻike pū i kahi loulou ma waena o coccygodynia a me ke kaumaha. Inā mālama ʻole ʻia ka ʻeha, hiki ke lilo koke i mea hōʻeleu no ka poʻe e ʻeha ana iā ia (e noho a kū paha ʻeha loa).

Epine coccygienne : ka ulu ʻana o ka iwi i ka piko o ka coccyx e hōʻike ana he 15% o nā hihia o ka coccygodynia. Hoʻokomo ka iwi kuamoʻo i ke kaomi i kahi kūlana e noho ai a hōʻeha i ka ʻeha a me ka mumū o nā mea ma lalo o ka ʻili.

ʻO Coccygienne Luxation : dislocation e pili ana i ka pilina ma waena o ka sakumum a me ka coccyx a i ʻole nā ​​diski o ka coccyx ponoʻī. He mea maʻamau (20 a 25% o nā hihia o ka ʻeha tailbone).

Ka helu ʻana : hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi helu liʻiliʻi ma kahi diski ma waena o ka vertebrae. Loaʻa kēia hopena i kahi ʻeha a ʻeha loa a hiki ʻole ke noho i lalo. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa kahi lāʻau anti-inflammatory no kekahi mau lā.

Pākuʻi pilonidal : cyc subcutaneous cyst i kū i ka pā inter-gluteal, i ka pae o ka hopena o ka coccyx. He lauoho e ulu ma lalo o ka ʻili a laila lilo i maʻi: ʻo ka abscess ia, kahi ʻeke o nā nū. I kēia mau hihia, pono ke ʻoki kino. ʻO kahi maʻi pilikino, pili ia i nā kāne a hiki i ka 75% (7). Hiki ke kumu ʻia i ka huhū o nā lauoho o ka pā inter-gluteal e lawa pono e hou i ka ʻili a hana i kahi cyst. Hiki i kēia ke wehewehe i ke alapine o nā cyst i ka poʻe me ka lauoho kaumaha a i ʻole ka kaumaha.

ʻAʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia nā recurrences no ka mea aia ka ʻeke i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka cyst ma hope o ka hana.

Hōʻike ka ʻelemakule i kahi heluna kanaka i ka makaʻu o nā haʻihaʻi coccyx no ka mea ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou i ka hāʻule a ʻoi aku ka momona o kā lākou iwi. Pēlā nō ia no ka poʻe me ka osteoporosis. ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka pale ʻana i ka hāʻule, akā aʻoaʻo e hoʻopau i nā meaʻai i ka momona a me ka huaola D i mea e hoʻoikaika ai i nā iwi a hoʻemi i ka maka o nā haki.

Kūkā ka poʻe ʻoihana olakino i ka lawe ʻana i kahi ala maikaʻi o ka noho ʻana: koho i kahi noho ʻoluʻolu ke hiki a pale i ka noho ʻana no kahi manawa lōʻihi. ʻAʻole koi ʻia nā huakaʻi lōʻihi e ke kaʻa, akā inā lākou e hana, hiki i kahi buoy a i ʻole ka cushion hollowed-out ke pale i ka ʻeha. No ka poʻe ʻaleʻale, paipai ʻole ʻia ke kaʻa paikikala a me ka holo lio.

Ninaninau hoʻokolohua: lawe ʻia e ke kauka, pili mua i ka nīnau (maʻamau, no nā kumu o ka ulia a i ʻole ka mōʻaukala). Hahai ʻia e kahi hoʻokolokolo kino o ka coccyx (nānā a palpation) e hoʻopau ʻia e kahi ninaninau ʻana i nā lumbar, pelvis a me nā lālā haʻahaʻa.

Radiography: kahi hana pena kiʻi olakino e hoʻohana i nā kukuna x. ʻO Radiography ka hoʻokolokolo maʻamau gula i hōʻike ʻia i nā mea maʻi āpau me ka ʻeha tailbone. Kuhi ke kū, ʻaoʻao x-ray i nā haki.

Bint scintigraphy: ke kiʻi kiʻi ʻana i loko o ka lawelawe ʻana i ka mea maʻi i kahi tracer radioactive i pālahalaha ʻia i loko o ke kino a i ʻole nā ​​ʻokena e nānā ʻia. No laila, ʻo ka mea hoʻomanawanui nāna e "hoʻokuʻu" i ka pāhawewe e lawe ʻia e ka hāmeʻa. Hiki i ka scintigraphy ke nānā pono i nā iwi a me nā hono. I nā hihia o ka coccyx, hoʻohana ʻia ia me ka radiography no ka ʻike ʻana i nā haʻihaʻi kaumaha.

MRI (kiʻi resonance ʻume mākenēki): ninaninau lāʻau no nā hana diagnostical i hoʻokō ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hāmeʻa nui a kahi i hana ʻia ai kahi māla mehana a me nā nalu lekiō. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻokūkala i kahi mumū o ka ʻāina coccyx a i ʻole nā ​​hopena o kahi dislocation a i ʻole hiki ke kāpae i kekahi mau pathology, e laʻa me.

Infiltration: hiki ke hana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mahele o ka mālama ʻana no ka ʻeha tailbone. Loaʻa iā ia i ka hoʻopili ʻana ma waena o nā kōpae o nā anesthetics kūloko a me nā corticosteroids. Maikaʻi nā hopena ma 70% o nā hihia (2).

ʻO Coccygectomy: Ke kaha e wehe i nā ʻāpana o ka tailbone. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i kekahi poʻe me ka coccygodynia mau e pale i ka lāʻau. Maikaʻi a maikaʻi loa nā hopena ma 90% o nā hihia (3) akā aia nā makaʻi o nā pilikia e like me ka maʻi ʻeha. ʻIke ʻia ka hoʻomaikaʻi ma hope o ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau mahina, a ʻoi aku paha.

ʻO ka tailbone kona inoa i ka uaki cuckoo ʻAigupita, ka Clamator Glandarius, no ka like me ka nuku o ka manu. ʻO Herophilus, he kauka Helene i noho ma Alexandria, nāna i kapa iā ia pēlā. ʻUcklelo ʻo Cuckoo kokkyx ma ka ʻōlelo Helene.