ʻO Cryptosporidiosis ka maʻi protozoan, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi parasite protozoan, ʻo Cryptosporidium spp, e ulu ana i loko o ka ʻōpū, ʻo ia hoʻi i nā hunaola epithelial, a hōʻike ʻia iā ia iho e ka diarrhea.

He maʻi ia e hoʻopili i nā kānaka ʻelua, i nā wā a pau o ko lākou ola, a me ka hapa nui o nā holoholona, ​​ʻo ka bipi a me nā manu. ʻO nā ʻano nui ʻelua e hoʻomake i ke kāne ʻo C. hominis a me C. Parvum. Hoʻomaopopo ka parasite i kahi pōʻaiapuni asexual i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, a laila kahi pōʻaiapuni wahine e hopena ai i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā oocstect infectious. Ua hele a maʻi nā kānaka ma ke komo ʻana i kēia mau oocstist.

ʻO Cryptosporidiosis kahi maʻi i loaʻa ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa a ua hoʻokumu ʻia i kekahi mau maʻi ahulau. Kūlike ka helu o ka maʻi ma waena o 0,6% a me 2% ma nā ʻoihana hana e kūʻē iā 4% a 32% o ka heluna kānaka i nā ʻāina kūkulu.

I Palani, ʻo nā maʻi i hōʻike ʻia ma muli o ka haumia faecal o nā pūnaewele hoʻoili wai inu no ka mea ʻaʻole i luku ʻia ka mea maʻi infectious e nā disinfectants i hoʻohana mau ʻia no ka mālama wai. ʻAʻole lawa ka Chlorination o ka wai inu a wai ʻauʻau paha e luku i ka parasite.

E hoʻomaopopo i ka hana ʻole ʻana o ka parasite ma o ka paʻa ʻana i ka hau ma lalo o kekahi mau ʻano: pono e kau ʻia i ka mahana o −22 ° C no 10 mau lā a i ʻole ma mua o 65 ° C no ʻelua mau minuke.

ʻO ka wai inu, nā ʻauʻau ʻauʻau, nā kahu hānai a me nā holoholona kūloko kahi waihona o kēia pathology. He maʻi lele loa, lawe ʻia kēia parasitosis i nā kānaka ma o nā holoholona laka, i nā keiki bipi, nā keiki hipa, nā keiki, nā puaʻa, nā keiki a me nā mea kolo. ʻO ke kumu o ka lawe ʻana ma o ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana me nā holoholona, ​​e kā lākou huna a i ʻole excretions a ma ke ala faecal-oral. Hiki nō hoʻi ke lilo i maʻi ʻole ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai haumia a i ʻole ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu mai kahi māla i hoʻouluulu ʻia me ka manure haumia a i ʻole ka wai i hana ʻole ʻia.

Lawe ʻia ka hoʻoili kanaka a ke kanaka ma o ke ala fecal-oral. ʻO kahi laʻana, holoi ʻole i kou mau lima ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka diaper o kahi keiki maʻi.

ʻO kāna maʻi lele he sporadic a epidemi paha.

ʻO ka hōʻailona o ka cryptosporidiosis e hana pinepine ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi parasitological o ka pahu e hōʻike ai i kahi parasite o ka genus Cryptosporidium. Hiki ke hana ʻia kahi biopsy ʻōpū. Pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka Cryptosporidiosis mai cyclospirus ʻo ia kahi maʻi parasite i hoʻokumu ʻia e kaʻai ʻana o ka coccidia Cyclospora cayetanensis.

Me nā holoholona

I nā holoholona, ​​ʻike nui ʻia nā ʻōuli ma nā holoholona ʻōpio a hōʻike ʻia e like me ka nui o ka diarrhea wai melemele, ka emi o ke kaumaha, ka luaʻi, a me ka nāwaliwali koʻikoʻi. I nā kuhukukū a me nā moa, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi hanu. 

I ke kanaka

I loko o kahi kanaka olakino, asymptomatic ka maʻi. Hiki iā ia ke hopena i ka gastroenteritis maʻamau me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, ka luhi, ka wai diarrhea, nausea a me kahi fiva iki. Hiki i ka Cryptosporidiosis ke hoʻopili i nā akemāmā, akā ʻokoʻa kēia.

He loli ka lōʻihi o ka maʻi: hele ia mai ʻekolu a ʻumikūmāhā mau lā.

ʻO ka hihia o nā kānaka immunodeficit

I ka poʻe me ka maʻi pale ʻole, ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi. Hōʻike ia iā ia iho e ka maʻi pīpī febrile koʻikoʻi me kekahi manawa i kahi maʻi choleriform (= i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā gergin toxinogenic). ʻO nā mikena nui e pili ana i ka maʻi choleriform ʻo Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens a me enterotoxigenic E. coli a me Vibrio cholerae.

Ua ʻike ʻia nā helu maʻi ʻoi aku ka nui ma nā mea maʻi o ka maʻi i hōʻike ʻia me ka maʻi diarrhea mau. Eia nō naʻe, ma Palani, ua heleleʻi ka nui o nā hihia o kēia maʻi i nā maʻi o ka maʻi SIDA mai ka mālama ʻia ʻana o nā maʻi HIV i kuhikuhi ʻia.

Ka hihia o ka poʻe immunocompromised

I ka poʻe immunocompromised, ka poʻe ʻelemākule a me nā keiki, lōʻihi a hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka maʻi pākī a hiki ke lilo i maʻi mau. Hiki iā lākou ke pili a pili ʻole paha me ka make o ka mea maʻi.

Hiki i ka Cryptosporidiosis ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola ke hiki i kahi kanaka immunocompromised.

Hana ʻia ka lapaʻau ma ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau anti-parasitic. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe lapaʻau he 100% curative, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe mea e hōʻoki i ka pathogen. Loaʻa i kekahi mau lāʻau i kahi pono e like me paromomycin a i ʻole nitazoxanide. ʻIke ʻia ʻo Rifaximin ka mole moleka maikaʻi loa.

I ka mahele nui o ka maʻi, pale ʻia ka lawe ʻana o ka meaʻai maʻamau, a koi ʻia paha i nā infusions e hāʻawi i nā meaola āpau e pono ai ke kino, ʻo ia hoʻi nā paʻakai mineral no ka mea ua heʻe ʻia kēia e ka diarrhea.

Kāohi

Kūpono ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka makaʻu o ka hoʻohaumia ʻia e nā oocstist, ma ka mahalo ʻana i nā lula o ka maʻemaʻe: holoi maikaʻi i kou mau lima ma hope o ka pili ʻana me nā holoholona, ​​ma hope o ka hele ʻana i ka lua, ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. a pale i ke komo ʻana o ka wai a meaʻai paha i haumia i nā pā.