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ʻOiai ko lākou kumu hanohano, ua mākaukau nā halo e hoʻomanawanui i nā kūlana ulu. No laila, loaʻa ka mahi ʻana i nā halo porcini ma ka ʻāina i nā māla i loaʻa ka ʻike i ka mahi ʻana i ka mycelium o nā makana nahele ʻē aʻe. Inā ʻaʻohe āu akamai, a laila ma mua o ka ulu ʻana i nā halo porcini i kahi pā pilikino, pono ʻoe e aʻo pono i ka ʻenehana mahiʻai, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā champignons.
ʻO ka halo keʻokeʻo, a i ʻole boletus, pili i nā halo tubular. He mea kanu ia ma nā ʻāina one, akā hiki nō ke ulu i ka lepo momona. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau ma lalo o nā birches, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma lalo o nā lāʻau ʻoka, makemake i nā kumu lāʻau ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 mau makahiki. Noho ʻo ia ma nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa a me ka subarctic a puni ʻEurasia. Hua mai Iune a ʻOkakopa.
E heluhelu i kēia mea a nānā i kahi wikiō e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana i nā halo porcini ma ka ʻāina ma ke kula ākea. Ma hope o kēlā, hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻomaka i ka mahiʻai.
He aha ke ʻano o nā halo keʻokeʻo?
Hiki ke pena ʻia ka pāpale o ka porcini mushroom i nā kala like ʻole: melemele, ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, poni, hina-ʻeleʻele. ʻO ke kala ʻana e pili ana i kahi o ka ulu ʻana o ka haʻiki. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka pāpale ke ʻano like ʻole i ka waihoʻoluʻu: pinepine ma nā kihi ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o ke kikowaena. ʻO ka pāpale he tubular, cushion-shaped, ulu a hiki i 20 cm ke anawaena.
He keʻokeʻo nā tubules i ka mua, a laila lilo i melemele-'ōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole melemele-oliva. Mānoanoa ka wāwae, mānoanoa ma lalo, me ke ʻano mesh. I kekahi manawa aia ma ka ʻaoʻao luna o ka wāwae wale nō. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, pili kona kala me ke kala o ka pāpale, ʻoi aku ka māmā. ʻO ka pulp o ke kino hua he keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele, ʻala ʻole a me ka ʻono nutty. Ma kahi o kaʻokiʻoki,ʻaʻole e loli ke kala.
E ʻike i ke ʻano o nā halo porcini i kēia mau kiʻi:
Hoʻohanohano ʻia ka ʻala keʻokeʻo ʻaʻole wale no kona ʻono. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻoulu i ka huna ʻana o nā wai hoʻoheheʻe. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he ʻokoʻa ka boletus ma ke ʻano o ka meaʻai meaʻai mai nā halo ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai ʻo kāna mau ʻano maikaʻi a pau, ʻike ʻia ka haʻahaʻa i ka boletus ma ke ʻano o ka hele ʻana o nā protein, a me ka chanterelle a me ka morel ma ke ʻano o ka ʻike o nā mea trace e like me ka phosphorus a me ka potassium. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ka digestibility o ka protein ma hope o ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i ka haʻiki keʻokeʻo e hoʻonui ʻia e 80%. He ʻono koʻikoʻi ko ka ʻaha maloʻo, no laila, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kona pauda i mea hoʻonani no nā kīʻaha like ʻole.
Loaʻa i ka haʻiki keʻokeʻo nā ʻano pono ʻē aʻe: tonic, anti-infective, hōʻeha ʻeha, antitumor. Mahalo i ka lecithin i loko o ka halo, he mea pono ia no ka anemia a me ka atherosclerosis, nā maʻi ate a me nā puʻupaʻa, a me nā pathologies maka. He hopena maikaʻi ia i ka ʻōnaehana pale, kōkua i ka wāwahi i nā glycogens a me nā momona, e hoʻoneʻe i ka cholesterol keu mai ke kino.
ʻO kēia mau halo, e ulu ana ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau like ʻole, loaʻa nā kala pāpale ʻokoʻa. ʻO nā haloʻeleʻele e ulu ana ma lalo o ka spruce, aʻo ka poʻe e ulu ana ma lalo o ka pine he pāpaleʻulaʻula nani.
ʻO ka mea ma lalo nei e wehewehe kikoʻī pehea e ulu ai i nā halo porcini i ko lākou hale kauwela.
Pehea e ulu ai i nā halo porcini: hoʻomākaukau i ka ʻāina ākea
Ua manaʻo mau ʻia ʻo Borovik ke aliʻi o nā halo āpau. Ma mua o ka ulu ʻana i nā halo porcini ma ka ʻāina, e hoʻomanaʻo ʻoe no ka hui o mycorrhizal, ʻo ia hoʻi, vegetative i symbiosis me nā aʻa lāʻau. No laila, pono e like nā kūlana no ka ulu ʻana i nā halo porcini me nā kūlana i noho ai lākou i ka nahele.
Ke ulu wale nei nā halo ma lalo o nā birches, aspens, spruces, beeches, oaks. Makemake lākou i nā glades māmā a māmā, akā ʻaʻole ma lalo o nā kukuna hāmama o ka lā. ʻAʻole e ulu ʻo Boletus ma nā wahi pouli. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka haʻiki porcini i ke kaiāulu me kekahi mau mea kanu, e like me ka fern a me ka maiuu. Ke koho ʻana i kahi no ka mahi ʻana i kēia ʻuala, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia mau mea āpau.
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā kumulāʻau kūpono i kāu māla māla, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaka maʻalahi i ka ulu ʻana i ka fungus porcini ma kahi ʻano ʻoihana. Ma nā kūlana hana, me ka ʻole o nā kumulāʻau, ʻaʻohe mea i hiki ke ulu i kēia haʻo.
No ka uluʻana i nā halo porcini ma ka'āina ākea, ponoʻoe e mālama i ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i nā moena. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ʻeli ʻia kahi lua 2 m ākea a me 30 cm hohonu ma ka pūnaewele i koho ʻia. Hoʻopihaʻia me kahi hui kūikawā, i hoʻomākaukau muaʻia. ʻOhi ʻia nā lau ʻoka i hāʻule i ka pūnāwai a hui pū ʻia me ka lāʻau ʻoka pala a me ka lepo lio maʻemaʻe. Pono e hoʻohui ʻia ka lāʻau ʻoka a me ka manure lio i nā lau i ka ratio o 5% o ko lākou nui. ʻO ka mea mua, waiho ʻia nā lau i kahi papa o 20 cm, kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ka lāʻau popopo e ninini ʻia a hoʻoinu ʻia me kahi hopena 1% o ka ammonium nitrate. A laila e waiho pololei i ka papa hou like. No laila, hana ʻia kekahi mau papa. Ma hope o 7-10 mau lā, pono e hoʻomehana ka hui i 40 ° C. I kēia manawa, pono e hui pūʻia i lilo ia i mea likeʻole. Ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina, ua mākaukau ka hui ʻana a waiho ʻia i loko o kahi lua ma ke ʻano o nā papa 10-12 cm mānoanoa. E like me ka ʻenehana kūpono no ka ulu ʻana i nā halo porcini, ua ninini ʻia kēlā me kēia papa o ka hui ʻana me ka lepo māla 6-8 cm mānoanoa. ʻO ka mānoanoa holoʻokoʻa o ka moena ma kahi o 50 cm. Ma waenakonu ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia i mea e ʻōwili ai ka wai.
ʻO kēia ka wehewehe ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka mycelium o nā halo porcini ma ka ʻāina.
Ka lūlū ʻana i ka mycelium a me ka mālama ʻana i nā halo porcini
Nui nā ala e ulu ai ka porcini mycelium. Ma ke ʻano mua, ʻohi ʻia nā halo overripe a ninini ʻia me ka wai ua i loko o kahi kīʻaha lāʻau. Waiho ʻia kēia hui ʻana no hoʻokahi lā. A laila hui maikaʻi a kānana i kahi ʻiʻo kakaʻikahi. Ma muli o kēia kaʻina hana, nui nā porcini spores e noho ana i ka wai. Piho lākou i lalo. No kā lākou germination, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i kahi hū liʻiliʻi i ka wai. A laila e wehe mālie i ka huʻa me kahi puna a hoʻokahe i ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka wai maʻemaʻe, a kau i ke koena o ka hopena me nā spores i ka mālamalama. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokahe i nā wai i koe mai nā pahu like ʻole i hoʻokahi. Ma hope o hoʻokahi pule, hoʻokahe maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka wai maʻemaʻe, a ninini ʻia ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o nā hue a mālama ʻia i loko o ka friji. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia hoʻomaha no ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i loko o ka mahina mua, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka manawa e mau ai nā spores. E ninini ʻia kēia hui ʻana ma luna o ka moena i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, a wehe mua ʻia ka papa luna o ka lepo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ninini i ka hui ʻana a puni nā lāʻau i koho ʻia. Ma mua o ka ulu ʻana i ka mycelium o nā halo porcini, pono mua ʻoe e akahele, me ka ʻole e hōʻino i nā aʻa o nā kumulāʻau, e wehe i ka papa lepo. Hana ʻia kēia i mea e hōʻike ai i ke aʻa o nā kumulāʻau. A laila e ninini iā lākou me kahi hoʻokuʻu a uhi hou me ka honua. E ninini i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana ma ka helu o 400 g no kēlā me kēia 30 cm. Ma hope o kēlā, pono e ninini nui ʻia ka lepo me 4-5 mau bākeke wai.
Ke kamaʻilio nei kēia wikiō e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana i ka mycelium o nā halo porcini ma ke ala mua:
Ma ke ala ʻelua, ʻohi ʻia ka mycelium ma nā wahi e ulu ai nā halo keʻokeʻo. No ke aha i ʻoki ʻia ai nā ʻāpana lepo a puni ka halo me ka nui o 20 X 30 cm a me ka mānoanoa o 10-15 cm. A laila ʻokiʻoki ʻia lākou i nā ʻāpana he nui a kanu ʻia i kahi moena a i kahi wahi i koho ʻia i loaʻa kahi papa honua 5-7 cm mānoanoa ma luna o lākou. e hoʻomaʻū iki a uhi i nā lau a me nā pale i pulu mau.
Pono e lulu ʻia nā Ceps ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau i lawe ʻia ai ka mea kanu. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ulu ʻana o nā halo ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau he 15-25 mau makahiki.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke lūlū i ka mycelium ma kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe. No ke aha i ʻoki ʻia ai nā pāpale overripe o nā halo porcini i ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a hui pū ʻia me kahi liʻiliʻi o ka lepo. A laila e moisturize iki. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lūlū i nā pāpale haʻi maloʻo iki. Hoʻomoe ʻia lākou ma kahi moena a hoʻoinu ʻia. Ma hope o 5-6 mau lā, wehe ʻia lākou - ua komo nā spores me ka wai i ka lepo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kau i nā ʻāpana o ka pāpale ma lalo o ka papa luna o ka lepo. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lūlū ʻana i ka mycelium i Kepakemapa.
Hōʻike kēia wikiō pehea e ulu ai i nā halo porcini ma ke ala ʻelua:
I ka haʻaleleʻana,ʻaʻole pono e ninini nuiʻia ka mycelium me ka wai, hiki ke make; akā i ka hāʻule maloʻo, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia me kahi pahu wai a i ʻole sprayer. ʻO ka ulu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka mycelium ʻo ia ka hoʻoinu ʻana i ka wā maloʻo. ʻOi aku ka wai i ke kakahiaka nui. ʻAʻole pono e hoʻopili i nā fertilizers mineral. Hōʻike ʻia nā halo hoʻokahi i ka makahiki aʻe ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, a lawe ʻia kahi ʻohi maikaʻi i 2 mau makahiki ma hope o ka lūlū ʻana. Ma lalo o ka lāʻau hoʻokahi hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kahi bākeke o ka ʻohi. I ka ʻohi ʻana i nā halo, pono lākou e ʻoki pono ʻia, e waiho ana i ke koena o ke kumu i ʻole e hōʻino i ka mycelium.