ʻO ke kiʻi a me ka wehewehe ʻana o ka ʻōpala dia (Pluteus cervinus).

ʻO ka hahau dia (Pluteus cervinus)

• Halo dia

• Plyutey brown
• Plutey ʻeleʻele fibrous
• ʻO Agaricus pluteus
• Hyporrhodius stag
• Dia Pluteus f. dia
• ʻO Hyporrhodius cervinus var. cervinus

Ka inoa o kēia manawa: Pluteus cervinus (Schaeff.) P. Kumm., Der Führer in die Pilzkunde: 99 (1871)

Hoʻolaha nui ʻia ka huila deer a maʻamau i ka hapa nui o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā wahi mahana. Ke ulu maʻamau kēia haʻuki ma luna o nā lāʻau paʻa, akā ʻaʻole ia e koho nui i ke ʻano o ka lāʻau e ulu ai, ʻaʻole hoʻi i koho nui i ka wā e hua mai ai, e ʻike ʻia ana mai ka pūnāwai a hiki i ka hāʻule a hiki i ka hoʻoilo i nā piʻi wela.

Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā waihoʻoluʻu o ka pāpale, akā ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā kala ʻeleʻele. He keʻokeʻo nā papa wehe i ka wā mua, akā loaʻa koke i kahi ʻulaʻula.

ʻO kahi noiʻi hou (Justo et al., 2014) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻikepili DNA e hōʻike ana he nui nā ʻano "enigmatic" i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he Pluteus cervinus. Hoʻomaopopo ʻo Justo et al ʻaʻole hiki ke hilinaʻi mau ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona morphological e hoʻokaʻawale i kēia mau ʻano, koi pinepine i ka microscopy no ka ʻike pololei.

Ke po'o: 4,5-10 knm, i kekahi manawa a hiki i 12 a hiki i 15 knm ke anawaena. I ka poʻe mua, convex, ʻano bele.

A laila lilo ia i mea palahalaha a i ʻole ʻaneʻane palahalaha, pinepine me ka ʻōpū waena ākea.

Me ka makahiki - aneane palahalaha:

ʻO ka ʻili ma luna o ka pāpale o nā ʻōpala ʻōpiopio, paʻa, akā maloʻo koke, a hiki ke paʻa iki i ka wā pulu. He ʻālohilohi, ʻoluʻolu, ʻōhule loa a ʻeleʻele paha/fibrillar ma ke kikowaena, pinepine me nā kaha radial.

I kekahi manawa, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka wā, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka ʻili o ka pāpale, akā "wrinkled", bumpy.

ʻO ke kala o ka pāpale he ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele: ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele hina, ʻeleʻele chestnut, pinepine me ka ʻoliva a i ʻole ka hina a i ʻole (kakaʻikahi) aneane keʻokeʻo, me kahi kikowaena ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha a me kahi lihi māmā.

ʻAʻole maʻa mau ka ʻaoʻao o ka pāpale, akā hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kekahi manawa a nahā paha i nā mea hoʻohālike kahiko.

papa: Loose, laula, pinepine, me na papa lehulehu. He keʻokeʻo nā ʻōpio pluute:

A laila lilo lākou i ʻulaʻula, hina-ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula a loaʻa i ka ʻiʻo momona ke kala, pinepine me ka ʻeleʻele a kokoke i ʻulaʻula.

wawae: 5-13 knm ka loa a 5-15 mm manoanoa. ʻOi a emi iki paha ka pololei, hiki ke ʻāwili iki ma ke kumu, cylindrical, pālahalaha a i ʻole me kahi kumu mānoanoa iki. Māloʻo, ʻoluʻolu, ʻōhule a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻeleʻele me nā unahi brownish. Ma ke kumu o nā ʻōpala, he keʻokeʻo nā unahi, a ʻike pinepine ʻia ka mycelium basal keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka holoʻokoʻa, ua liʻiliʻi ka pulp ma waenakonu o ka wāwae.

Pulp: palupalu, keʻokeʻo, ʻaʻole e hoʻololi i ka waihoʻoluʻu ma nā wahi i ʻoki ʻia a me nā wahi ʻūlū.

honi maule, aneane hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia, wehewehe ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻala o ka dampness a i ʻole ka lāʻau pulu, "he mea liʻiliʻi e like me ka laha ʻole", ʻaʻole loa e like me ka "haohaʻu maule".

hoao maʻa mau ʻano like me ka rare.

Nā hopena hoʻohālikelike: KOH maikaʻi ʻole i ka ʻalani haʻihaʻi loa ma ka ʻili o ka pāpale.

Hoʻopili ʻia ka pauda spore: ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula.

Nā hiʻohiʻona microscopic:

He 6-8 x 4,5-6 µm, ellipsoid, pahee, lauwili. ʻO ka Hyaline a hiki i ka ocher iki ma KOH

Ke ulu nei ka deer Plyutey mai ka pūnāwai a hiki i ka hopena o ka hāʻule ma luna o ka lāʻau o nā ʻano like ʻole, hoʻokahi, ma nā hui a i ʻole nā ​​​​hui liʻiliʻi.

Makemake ʻo ia i nā deciduous, akā hiki ke ulu i nā ululāʻau coniferous. E ulu ana ma luna o ka lāʻau make a kanu ʻia, ma nā kumu lāʻau a kokoke iā lākou, hiki ke ulu ma ke kumu o nā lāʻau ola.

Hōʻike nā kumu like ʻole i ka ʻike ʻokoʻa a hiki i kekahi ke kahaha: mai ka hiki ʻole ke ʻai ʻia, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana e hoʻolapalapa me ka hāʻule ʻole, no 20 mau minuke.

Wahi a ka ʻike o ka mea kākau o kēia memo, hiki ke ʻai ʻia ka ʻaha. Inā loaʻa kahi ʻala ikaika, hiki ke hoʻolapalapa ʻia nā halo no 5 mau minuke, hoʻokahe ʻia a kuke ʻia i kēlā me kēia ʻano: fry, stew, paʻakai a marinate. Nalo loa ka ʻono a me ka ʻala.

Akā, ʻo ka ʻono o ka hahau dia, e ʻōlelo kākou, ʻaʻole. He palupalu ka pulp, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka paila ʻana.

ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻano he 140 o ka ʻano o nā whips, ʻo kekahi o ia mau mea paʻakikī ke ʻike i kekahi i kekahi.

Plyuteus atromarginatus (Pluteus atromarginatus)

He ʻano laha ʻole kēia, ʻike ʻia e kahi pāpale ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻeleʻele o nā papa. Ke ulu nei ma luna o nā kumulāʻau coniferous semi-decayed, hua mai ka hapa lua o ke kauwela.

Pluteus pouzarianus Mea Mele. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia e ka hele ʻana o nā buckles ma hyphae, ʻike ʻia ma lalo o kahi microscope. Hoʻoulu ia ma luna o nā lāʻau o nā ʻano palupalu (coniferous), ʻaʻohe ʻala ʻokoʻa.

Plyutey – Reindeer (Pluteus rangifer). Ke ulu nei ia ma nā ululāʻau boreal (ʻākau, taiga) a me nā ululāʻau transitional ma ka ʻākau o ka 45th parallel.

Nā lālā like o ka genus pili Volvariella ʻike ʻia e ka hele ʻana o Volvo.

Nā lālā like o ka genus entolome e loaʻa nā papa pili ma kahi o nā papa manuahi. E ulu ma ka lepo.

ʻO Collybia platyphylla (Megacollybia platyphylla)

ʻO Kollybia, e like me nā kumu like ʻole, kahi halo hiki ʻole ke ʻai ʻia, ʻike ʻia e nā papa paʻa ʻole, keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula paha a me nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona ma ke kumu o ke kumu.