Hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi diabetes insipidus e ka nui o ka hana mimi e pili pū ana me ka makewai nui. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i kekahi mau ʻano, ʻo ka mea maʻamau o ia mau neurogenic diabetes insipidus a me nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. ʻAʻole like nā ʻano like o kēia mau mea akā e hōʻike ana ʻelua i kahi pilikia hoʻoponopono i loko o nā puʻupaʻa. ʻAʻole lawa ka wai i ke kino e hoʻopiha i kona mau pono.

Ka wehewehe ʻana o ka maʻi diabetes insipidus

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi insipidus ka hopena o kahi hemahema a i ʻole insensitivity i ka hormone antidiuretic: vasopressin. Ma ke ʻano he hana maʻamau o ke kino, hana ʻia kēia hormone i ka hypothalamus a laila mālama ʻia i loko o ka pituitary gland. Ma hope o kēia mau ʻanuʻu ʻelua i ka lolo, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka vasopressin i ke kino e hoʻoponopono i ka nui o ka wai i loko o ke kino. E hana ia ma nā puʻupaʻa e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka wai kānana, a pēlā e pale ai i kona hoʻopau ʻana i ka mimi. Ma kēia ala, kōkua ia i ka uhi ʻana i nā pono wai o ke kino.

I ka maʻi diabetes insipidus, ʻaʻole hiki i ka vasopressin ke hana i kāna hana ma ke ʻano he antidiuretic agent. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka wai ma ke ʻano he nui, ʻo ia ka hopena o ka hoʻohua nui ʻana o ka mimi e pili ana me ka makewai nui.

ʻO nā ʻano o ka maʻi diabetes insipidus

ʻAʻole like nā ʻano hana i ka maʻi diabetes insipidus. ʻO ia ke kumu e hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale i kekahi mau ʻano:

• neurogenic, a i ʻole ka maʻi maʻi maʻi insipidus waena, ka mea ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka hormone antidiuretic mai ka hypothalamus;
• nephrogenic, a i ʻole peripheral, diabetes insipidus, ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi maʻi ʻole i ka hormone antidiuretic;
• ʻO ka maʻi diabetes insipidus gestational, kahi ʻano kakaʻikahi e kū mai ana i ka wā hāpai ʻo ia ka hopena o ka haki ʻana o ka vasopressin i loko o ke koko;
• dipsogenic diabetes insipidus ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e kahi maʻi o ka make wai i loko o ka hypothalamus.

ʻO nā kumu o ka maʻi diabetes insipidus

I kēia pae, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia hiki i ka maʻi diabetes insipidus ke congenital (mai ka hānau ʻana), loaʻa (ma hope o nā ʻāpana o waho) a i ʻole idiopathic (me kahi kumu ʻike ʻole).

ʻO kekahi o nā kumu i ʻike ʻia i kēia lā:

• ʻeha poʻo a i ʻole ka lolo;
• ʻoki lolo;
• ʻinoʻino e like me ka aneurysms (ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka paia o ke aʻa) a me ka thrombosis (ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ke koko koko);
• kekahi mau 'ano o ka ma'i 'a'ai me ka lolo lolo;
• nā maʻi autoimmune;
• nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana nerve e like me ka encephalitis a me ka maningitis;
• puʻupuʻu;
• sarcoidosis;
• maʻi maʻi maʻi polycystic (ke alo o nā cysts i loko o nā puʻupaʻa);
• anemia maʻi ʻaʻai
• sponge medullary kidney (congenital kidney disease);
• pyelonephritis nui;
• l'amylose ;
• ka maʻi Sjögren;
• etc.

ʻO ka hōʻailona o ka maʻi diabetes insipidus

Manaʻo ʻia ka maʻi diabetes insipidus i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka nui o ka mimi e pili ana me ka makewai loa. A laila hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka maʻi:

• he ho'āʻo kaohi ʻana i ka wai e ana i ka hoʻopuka mimi, ka pae koko electrolyte a me ke kaumaha i nā manawa maʻamau;
• nā ho'āʻo mimi e nānā i ka mimi no ke kō (ke ʻano o ka maʻi diabetes mellitus);
• nā hoʻāʻo koko e ʻike i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka sodium kiʻekiʻe.

Ma muli o ka hihia, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe e ʻike i ke kumu o ka maʻi diabetes insipidus.

Nui nā hihia o ka maʻi diabetes insipidus i hoʻoilina. ʻO ka moʻolelo ʻohana o ka maʻi diabetes insipidus kahi kumu pilikia nui.

• Polyuria: ʻO kekahi o nā hōʻailona maʻamau o ka maʻi diabetes insipidus he polyuria. He hana mimi nui kēia ma mua o 3 lita i kēlā me kēia lā a hiki ke piʻi i ka 30 lita i nā hihia koʻikoʻi loa.
• Polydispsia: ʻO ka lua o ka hōʻailona ʻano he polydipsia. ʻO ia ka ʻike o ka make wai nui ma waena o 3 a 30 lita i kēlā me kēia lā.
• Nocturia paha: He mea maʻamau no ka polyuria a me ka polydipsia e hele pū me ka nocturia, pono e mimi i ka pō.
• Dehydration: I ka loaʻa ʻole o ka hoʻokele kūpono, hiki i ka maʻi diabetes insipidus ke hoʻoulu i ka dehydration a me ka hana ʻino o ke kino. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hypotension a me ka haʻalulu.

Hoʻopili ka hoʻokele i nā ʻāpana he nui me ke ʻano o ka maʻi diabetes insipidus. Hiki paha ke komo pū me:

• hydration kūpono;
• kaohi ʻana i ka ʻai ʻana i ka paʻakai ʻai a me ka protein;
• ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā vasopressin a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea like e like me desmopressin;
• ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā molekala e hoʻoulu ai i ka hana o vasopressin e like me thiazide diuretics, chlorpropamide, carbamazepine, a i ʻole clofibrate;
• lapaʻau kūikawā e kuhikuhi ana i ke kumu i ʻike ʻia.

I kēia lā, ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia kahi hopena pale. I nā manawa he nui, ua hoʻoili ʻia ka maʻi diabetes insipidus.