No ka mea he 2% wale nō o ka hānau ʻana, ʻaʻole i kamaʻilio nui ʻia nā hāpai ʻōpio. He mea ʻoiaʻiʻo naʻe i kēlā me kēia makahiki e pili ana i nā haneli o nā kaikamahine ʻōpio i lilo i mau makuahine ʻōpio. Hōʻike hou i nā pilikia pilikia o kēia mau hāpai ʻana.

ʻAʻohe manaʻo manaʻo o "ka hānau mua". ʻO ka maʻamau, kau mākou i ka cursor i ka makahiki o ka hapa nui, ʻo ia hoʻi he 18 mau makahiki. I kekahi manawa ma 20.

ʻO nā pilikia o ka hāpai ʻana a me ka hānau ʻana ka lua o ke kumu nui o ka make ma waena o nā kaikamahine ʻōpio mai 15 a 19 a puni ka honua, wahi a ka WHO (1). Ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, make nā kaikamahine 194 i kēlā me kēia lā ma muli o ka hānau mua ʻana (2), akā me nā ʻokoʻa kūloko ikaika e pili ana i ka pae o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻāina. Hoʻonui ʻia kēia ʻano ma nā ʻāina ulu, kahi 1 i 3 mau kaikamahine e hāpai ana ma mua o ka makahiki 18. ʻO ka nele o ka ʻike a me ka hoʻonaʻauao wahine, ka male ʻana, ka hoʻomāinoino ʻana i ka wahine, ka nele o ke komo ʻana i ka contraception, ʻo ka pāpā ʻana i ka hoʻohemo ʻana e wehewehe i kēia mau helu kiʻekiʻe.

Ma Palani, ʻaʻole like ke kūlana ma muli o ke komo ʻana i ka contraception a me ka pōʻaiapili socio-cultural. No laila, e like me nā helu INSEE (3), ke hoʻomau nei ka ulu ʻana o nā wahine i ka makahiki 15 a hiki i ka 24 i kona ʻano iho me ka helu fertility o 2,7 keiki no 100 wahine ma 2016 (hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 11,5 mau makahiki i nā makahiki 25-29 a me 12,9 mau keiki ma waena o nā keiki. 30-34 makahiki). I ka makahiki 2015:

• ʻO 0,1% o nā pēpē mua he 15 makahiki;
• 0,2% he makuahine 16 makahiki;
• 0,5% makuahine he 17 makahiki;
• 0,9% o 18 makahiki;
• 1,7% o 19 makahiki;
• 2,5% o 20 makahiki (4).

Manaʻo ʻia ka hāpai ʻana o nā ʻōpio ʻaʻole ma muli o ke kumu maoli ma muli o ka ʻōpiopio o ke kino, akā no ka pōʻaiapili socio-economic kahi i ulu ai kēia mau kaikamahine ʻōpio a me nā ʻano pilikia pinepine i kēia pūʻulu makahiki. Eia kekahi, no ko lākou nānā ʻole ʻana i ko lākou hāpai ʻana (me ka noʻonoʻo a ʻaʻole ʻole), ʻike i ka lohi a makemake paha e hūnā, ʻaʻole lawa a lohi paha ka nānā ʻana i ka hāpai ʻana. No laila, ʻaʻole e pōmaikaʻi kēia mau makuahine ʻōpio e hiki mai ana mai nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a me nā hōʻike hōʻike ʻana i hāʻawi ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka nānā ʻana i ka hāpai ʻana.

Ma kāna hōʻike e pili ana i ka hāpai ʻana a me ka hānau ʻana i ka wā ʻōpio, ua hōʻike ka French National College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (5), akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o nā pilikia pre-eclampsia. (2,7%) i kēia pūʻulu makahiki.

ʻO ka nele o ka mālama prenatal, ka hana ʻino a me ka pōʻaiapili psycho-social o kēia mau makuahine ʻōpio e hiki mai ana e hōʻike hou i ka pēpē i kekahi mau pilikia. ʻO nā pilikia nui ʻelua ʻo ke kaumaha hānau haʻahaʻa a me ka prematurity. ʻO kahi haʻawina i hana ʻia ma waena o 1996 a me 2003 ma ka halemai ʻo Jean Verdier (93), ka mea ma hope o ka hāpai ʻana o 328 mau kaikamahine ʻōpio mai 12 a 18, hōʻike i ka helu prematurity o 8,8%. "Hoʻopili pololei ʻia nā hoʻopiʻi nui ʻelua i ka hope hope a me ka" exfoliation "ʻano o ke kūlana o ka hāpai ʻana e pili ana me ka ʻole o nā mālama kino a i ʻole ka meaʻai, me ka hoʻomau, a i ʻole ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana addictive. », Hōʻike i ka CNGOF (6).

ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka IUGR (intrauterine growth retardation) i ka wā hāpai mua, me ka prevalence o 13%, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka heluna lehulehu (7). Wahi a kahi noiʻi ʻAmelika (8), ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pēpē o nā makuahine ma lalo o 20 mau makahiki he 11 mau manawa ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma waena o nā wahine i ka pilikia haʻahaʻa, ma waena o 25 a 30 mau makahiki. Eia hou, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pēpē i nā mea ʻawaʻawa (ka waiʻona, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ka paka) ke kumu nui o ka hewa.

ʻO ka hānau keiki ponoʻī, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ua manaʻo ʻia he palekana ke ʻike ʻia ka hāpai ʻana i hiki ke hana i kekahi mau hana makua ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o ke keiki, e hōʻike ana i ka CNGOF (9).