ʻO El Konyka

ʻO Konika kekahi o nā ʻano mea kaulana a nani loa o ka spruce Kanada. A i ʻole, ʻo kona hoʻololi maoli.

ʻO ka spruce Kanada, pela no hoi ʻulaʻula hina hina (Picea glauca) no ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. Ma laila ʻo ia e noho ai i kahi ʻāina nui mai Labrador a hiki i Alaska a ulu i nā kūlana paʻakikī, i kekahi manawa ma ka permafrost i ka pūnāwai. He lāʻau nui loa kēia, 25 – 35 m ke kiʻekiʻe. Aʻo kekahi o kēia mau spruces he hoʻololi - ua ulu ka lāʻau dwarf, iʻikeʻia ma nā kahakai o Canadian Lake Ligan i ka makahiki 1904. ʻAʻole iʻoi aku kona kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 3 - 4 m - he 10 mau manawa kēia ma mua o kona mau hoahānau. A hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe i ka makahiki 60 wale nō. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ke anawaena o ka lei aliʻi ma mua o 2 m (1). Ua makemake nā māla i ka mea kanu ʻokoʻa a hoʻomaka e hoʻolaha.

Ke ulu mālie nei ʻo Konika - hoʻohui wale ia i 3 - 6 cm i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻIke ʻia ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ulu ikaika i ka makahiki 6 - 7 mau makahiki - i kēia manawa e hoʻonui ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki e 10 cm. A mai ka makahiki 12 - 15, lohi nui kona ulu a ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 2 - 3 cm i kēlā me kēia kau.

Ma ke ala, ʻo Konik spruce kona mau mutations ponoʻī, i lilo i ʻano ʻokoʻa.

ʻO Alberta Globe. Ua ʻike ʻia ka mutation ma 1967 ma Holland. He lāʻau dwarf kēia me ka lei aliʻi spherical. I ka makahiki 10, he 30 knm wale ke anawaena. I nā mea kanu makua, hiki i ka lei aliʻi ke kiʻekiʻe o 90 cm, a me ka laulā a hiki i 120 cm. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā nila.

ʻO Blue Wonder (Blue Wonder). Ua ʻike ʻia kēia hoʻololi ʻana i ka makahiki 1984 ma Kelemānia (2). Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia mai ka Konika mua e ka lei aliʻi ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī - ma ka makahiki 10 ʻaʻole ia i kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 70 cm, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kumu lāʻau makua ma kahi o 2 m, ʻo ke anawaena o ka lei aliʻi he 75 cm. Akā ʻo ka ʻokoʻa nui ke kala o nā nila: he ʻulaʻula kona.

Daisy's White. Ua loaʻa ka mutation ma Belgium i ka makahiki 1979. ʻO ka lei aliʻi o kēia ʻano he pyramidal, i ka makahiki 10 ʻaʻole ia ma mua o 80 cm. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o kēia spruce ke kala o nā ʻōpio'ōpiopio: i ka mua he melemele, a laila huli keʻokeʻo, a laila huli i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo.

Dwarf (Gnom). ʻO ka hoʻololi lohi ʻana o Konik spruce - hāʻawi i 3-5 cm o ka ulu ʻana i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ke kala o nā nila he hina-'ōmaʻomaʻo.

Laurin. Ua ʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 1950 ma Kelemānia. ʻO ka mutation dwarf, ulu mālie, hāʻawi i ka piʻi o 1,5 - 2,5 cm wale nō i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Kūlou ke kalaunu. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā nila.

Ke kanu ʻana i ka lāʻau ʻūhini

ʻO ka pilikia nui o Konik spruce ʻo ia ka wela o kona lei i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka puna. ʻO ke kumu ʻo kēia ʻano like ʻole he mau nila palupalu a me kahi ʻōnaehana aʻa superficial. I ka hopena o Feberuari - Malaki, lilo ka lā i mea ikaika, hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā nila, a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai. ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa ka wai i nā aʻa, no ka mea, aia lākou i loko o ka papa lepo hau. ʻO ka hopena, maloʻo nā nila. Loaʻa kēia pilikia i nā conifers he nui, no ka laʻana, ma thuja a me junipers, akā ʻo nā makahiki 2-3 wale nō. A hiki ke puhi ʻo Konika a hiki i 4 - 5 mau makahiki. A inā ʻaʻole kanu ʻia ma laila, a laila lōʻihi.

ʻO ia ke kumu ʻaʻole hiki ke kanu ʻia ʻo Konika ma nā wahi ākea - ʻo kahi hoʻomaha i ka hoʻoilo i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopakele iā ia mai ka puhi ʻana. ʻO kahi kūpono nona ma lalo o nā lei aliʻi o nā lāʻau coniferous nui, no ka laʻana, ma lalo o nā pine. A i ʻole mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka hale, nā hale i waho a i ʻole kahi pā ākea kiʻekiʻe. He mea ʻole ke kanu ʻana ma lalo o nā kumu lāʻau deciduous - i ka hoʻoilo kū lākou me ka lau ʻole a hoʻokuʻu i ka lā e luku ai i ka lāʻau Kalikimaka palupalu.

Ma muli o ke kūʻai pinepine ʻia ʻana o Koniks i loko o nā pahu, ʻaʻohe pono e ʻeli i kahi lua nui no kahi mea kanu - pono e ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka lepo lepo. Hiki ke kanu i nā mea kanu me kahi ʻōnaehana paʻa (ZKS) mai ka waena o ʻApelila a waena o ʻOkakopa.

Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, pono e hoʻoinu maikaʻi ʻia ka seedling - 1 - 2 bākeke, e like me ka nui o ka mea kanu. A i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e wai i ka liʻiliʻi o 1 manawa i kēlā me kēia pule i loko o kahi bākeke.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka spruce Konik

No ka mea ʻo Konika ʻano ʻano like ʻole no Kanada spruce, ua paʻa ia i ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ka ʻano - ke kūpaʻa hau kiʻekiʻe (a hiki i -40 ° C) a hiki ke ulu i nā wahi āpau kahi e ulu ai kā mākou spruce maʻamau.

Pā

Makemake ʻo Spruce Konik i nā lepo ʻeleʻele. Inā he one ka lepo, pono e ʻeli ʻia kahi lua kanu nui a me ka lepo soddy, ka pālolo a me ka humus e hoʻohui ʻia iā ia ma kahi ratio o 1: 1: 1.

kau iho

Ua ʻōlelo mua mākou ʻaʻole ʻae ʻo Konik spruce i ka lā pololei, no laila e koho i nā wahi malu no ia.

Hoʻomoʻa i ka wai

Ma ke ʻano, ulu nā spruces Kanaka ma nā ʻāina maloʻo, pinepine ma nā kahakai o nā loko, kokoke i nā marshes, a ua hoʻoilina ʻo Konica spruce i ke aloha o ka wai mai kona mau kūpuna. Pono e hoʻohāinu pinepine ʻia - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule, hoʻokahi bākeke wai no ka lāʻau. A i ka wela nui - 1 manawa i ka pule. Inā ʻaʻole hiki kēia, pono e hoʻopili ʻia ka pōʻai kumu me ka pine a i ʻole ka larch bark, a i ʻole me ka sawdust coniferous me kahi papa o 2-7 cm - hoʻemi lākou i ka evaporation o ka lepo mai ka lepo.

Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻoinu ʻana, pono ia e ninini i kahi hose ma luna o ka lei lāʻau i hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule.

nā mea kanu

Ma nā ʻāina momona i ka wā e kanu ai i ka mea kanu ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia. No ka poʻe ʻilihune, pono e hoʻohui i kahi bākeke o humus i ka lua kanu.

e ai ana

Hiki ke ulu ʻo Konik spruce me ka ʻole o ka lole luna. Akā i mea e ʻoi aku ka nani o ka lei aliʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi inā wela ia i ka pūnāwai, i ka waena o ʻApelila, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kanu kūikawā no nā conifers. A i ʻole humus - hapalua bākeke no ka lāʻau.

Maluhia i ka hooilo

I nā makahiki 5 mua ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, pono e uhi ʻia ka spruce Konik no ka hoʻoilo mai ka pau ʻana. Manaʻo pinepine ʻia e ʻōwili iā ia i ka burlap, akā he ala maikaʻi ʻole kēia - i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka lā e ʻai, piʻi nui ka mahana ma lalo o ka burlap, hana ʻia kahi hopena greenhouse a me nā nila, e like me ka lā. , hoʻomaka e hoʻoheheʻe ikaika i ka makū a maloʻo. Eia kekahi, ma lalo o ka burlap, ua popopo.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e uhi iā Konika me nā lālā coniferous: pine a spruce. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono ʻoe e kau i nā lāʻau ikaika e like me ka hale a puni ka lāʻau a hoʻopili i nā lālā coniferous iā lākou i uhi lākou i ka mea kanu i ka lepo.

Ka hana hou ʻana o ka spruce Konik

I mea e mālama ai i nā hōʻailona o ka ʻano like ʻole, pono e hoʻolaha ʻia ʻo Konik spruce e nā ʻokiʻoki. Akā paʻakikī kēia kaʻina hana, e ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi seedling. Akā inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka makemake a me ka manawa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻokiʻoki no ke aʻa ʻana i ka puna mua: i ka hopena o Malaki - ka hapa mua o ʻApelila. Pono lākou e haehae pū me ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae - kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻili o ke kumu. A ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka lā ao. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ʻokiʻoki kūpono he 7-10 cm.

Pono e mālama ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki i hoʻokahi lā ma Heteroauxin, kahi mea hoʻoulu aʻa. Ma hope o kēlā, kanu ʻia lākou i ka lepo momona māmā ma ke kihi o 30 °, hohonu e 2 - 3 cm. Aia kēlā me kēia ʻoki i loko o kahi ipu ʻokoʻa.

Pono e waiho ʻia nā ipu me nā ʻokiʻoki i loko o ka hale kōmaena a i uhi ʻia me ka pahu a i ʻole ka pact plastic. Hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā kanu pono ʻoe e ventilate.

ʻO nā ʻokiʻoki konik spruce e aʻa no ka manawa lōʻihi - mai 6 mahina a 1 makahiki. I kēia manawa a pau pono ʻoe e hoʻoinu iā lākou i ka manawa kūpono - pono ka lepo i nā manawa āpau. Hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 2 pule, pono e hoʻohui ʻia ka heteroauxin i ka wai no ka irrigation.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki i loko o ka māla i ka pūnāwai - i ka hopena o ʻApelila. ʻO ka mea mua, i ke kula - kahi kaʻawale i ka malu. Ma laila lākou e noho ai i kekahi makahiki. A laila hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i kahi mau loa.

Nā maʻi o ka spruce Konik

Tracheomycosis (fusarium). ʻO ka hōʻailona mua o kēia maʻi he uhi ʻulaʻula ma nā nila. A laila, lilo ia i ʻeleʻele a hoʻomaka e ʻā. ʻO ka maʻi ka maʻi ma muli o ka haʻo i hoʻopōʻino i ke kumu o ka lāʻau.

ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia kēia pathology. I ka manawa like, he pōʻino loa - hoʻopili koke ka maʻi i nā mea kanu kokoke: spruce, pine, fir and larch. ʻO ke ala wale nō e hoʻōki ai, ʻo ka ʻeli ʻana i ka lāʻau me kona aʻa a puhi. A mālama i ka lepo me Fundazol (3).

Rust (spruce spinner). Hoʻokumu ʻia ia e kahi fungus pathogenic. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka maʻi e ka liʻiliʻi, 0,5 cm ke anawaena, nā pehu ʻalani ma ka ʻili. Huli melemele nā ​​kui a hāʻule.

I nā hōʻike mua o ka maʻi, pono e ʻoki a puhi i nā lālā i hoʻopili ʻia, a laila mālama i nā mea kanu me Hom (copper oxychloride) (3) a i ʻole Rakurs.

Brown Shutte (palapala hau ʻeleʻele). Nui nā ʻano ʻano schütte, pili nui lākou i nā lāʻau pine, akā ʻike ʻia ka schütte brown ma nā kumu lāʻau spruce. Noho ka fungus pathogenic ma luna o nā nila i ka hāʻule a ulu ikaika i ka hoʻoilo, ma nā wana ma lalo o ka hau. ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi he mau nila ʻeleʻele me kahi uhi keʻokeʻo.

No ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi, hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau Hom a i ʻole Racurs (3).

ʻAi nā mea ʻino i ka ʻūhini

Spruce laulea-needleworm. He muhu liʻiliʻi kēia. ʻAʻole pōʻino ka poʻe mākua, akā hiki i kā lākou larvae ke hōʻeha nui i nā kumulāʻau. Noho ka enuhe i loko o ka nila - nahu lākou i ko lākou kumu a hana i nā maina i loko. I ka wā lōʻihi, ua uhi ʻia nā nila i nā pūnana cobwebs a ʻāwili i ka makani.

No ka hakakā ʻana i ka pest, hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau ʻōnaehana - Calypso, Confidor a i ʻole Engio.

Spruce spider mite. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona mua o ka pōʻino e nā kiko melemele ma nā nila. Me kahi maʻi maʻi ikaika, uhi ʻia nā mea kanu me nā pūnana cobwebs, ʻeleʻele nā ​​nila a hāʻule. Hoʻoulu ikaika ka spider mite i nā makahiki maloʻo. I ke kauwela, hāʻawi ka tick i ka awelika o 5 mau hanauna, no laila ke kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi i ka hopena o ke kauwela.

ʻO nā lāʻau Actellik a i ʻole Fitoverm e kōkua i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka pest.

Spruce pale pale wahaheʻe. ʻO kēia mau mea ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi, e like me nā pōpō ʻeleʻele, e noho maʻamau i nā mea kanu ʻōpio - ka ʻili a me nā nila. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike iā lākou ma o kā lākou uhi paʻa. I nā mea kanu i hoʻopili ʻia, huli nā nila a hāʻule i lalo, kūlou nā lālā a maloʻo.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopau i ka pest wale nō me nā lāʻau systemic. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa o lākou ʻo Aktara a me Konfidor.

ʻO nā ʻōpala coniferous. ʻAʻole hiki ke kuhi ʻia kēia mau ʻiniko omo me nā mea ʻē aʻe - he mau hulu keʻokeʻo ko lākou kua. I nā makahiki maloʻo, hoʻomāhuahua nui lākou a lilo nā wana i uhi ʻia me ka hau. Ma nā mea kanu i hoʻopilikia ʻia, huli nā nila i ka melemele a curl.

E hoʻopau i nā ilo e kōkua i ka lāʻau Pinocid.

ʻO ka lau ʻauʻau spruce. He pepeke liʻiliʻi e like me ka lele. He pōʻino kona larvae - ʻai lākou i ka nila. ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka ʻike ʻana iā lākou - hoʻololi lākou iā lākou iho e like me nā pine a me nā nila. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka maʻi ma muli o ke kala o nā nila ʻōpio - lilo ia i ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula, akā i ka manawa like ʻaʻole ia e hāʻule no ka manawa lōʻihi.

No ka hakakā ʻana i ka spruce sawfly, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka lāʻau Pinocid. Eia naʻe, pono lākou e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻaʻole wale i ka lei o ka lāʻau, akā i ka lepo hoʻi a puni, no ka mea, hibernate nā larvae i ka lepo.

Nā nīnau a me nā pane kaulana

Nīnau mākou no Konik ʻo Svetlana Mykhaylova, ka mea hoʻoulu ʻai agronomist - ua pane ʻo ia i nā nīnau kaulana loa o nā kamaʻāina kauwela.

Kumuwaiwai o

1. Stupakov OM, Aksyanova T.Yu. Nā hui o nā mea kanu perennial, coniferous woody a me nā mea kanu deciduous i ka hoʻolālā ʻāina kūlanakauhale // Conifers o ka boreal zone, 2013 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kompozitsii-iz-mnogoletnih-travyanistyh-drevesnyh-hvoynyh-i-listvennyh- rasteniy- v-ozelenenii-gorodov
2. ʻO Kordes G. Picea glauca kanu i kapa ʻia ʻo Blue Wonder: pat. PP10933 USA. – 1999 https://patents.google.com/patent/USPP10933?oq=Picea+glauca+%27Sanders+Blue%27
3. ʻO ka papa inoa o ka mokuʻāina o nā pesticides a me nā mea kanu agrochemical mai Iulai 6, 2021 // Ministry of Agriculture of the Federation https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii-i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry- information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/