pua hippeastrum

ʻO Hippeastrum kahi lāʻau bulbous mai ka ʻohana Amaryllis. Aia he 90 mau ʻano i loko o ke ʻano, noho lākou a pau i ka nahele i nā ʻāpana a me nā subtropics o ʻAmelika, me ka nahele Amazon. 

Ua hele mai nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano i ʻEulopa i ke kenekulia XNUMX. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka nui o ia mau mea i ka hoʻohua ʻana, ke ʻaʻa kekahi i kekahi, a ʻo ka hopena, ua ʻike ʻia kēlā mau hippeastrums a mākou e ulu ai ma ka home e nā botanists he ʻano ʻokoʻa - hybrid hippeastrum. 

Ua ʻike ʻia ka hybrid mua ma 1799. Ma ka waena o ke kenekulia 100, aia ma kahi o 1500 o lākou. A i kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 tausani mau ʻano o kēia pua nani i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ma ka honua (2) a ua hānai ʻia kekahi o lākou i kā mākou ʻāina (XNUMX).

Nā kūlana no ka ulu ʻana i ka pua hippeastrum

ʻO Hippeastrum kahi mea kanu bulbous perennial. A ʻaʻole like me ka hapa nui o nā pua i loko, he wā dormant. ʻO ka pōʻaiapuni o kona ola e like me kēia:

• pua ka hippeastrum (mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pua a hiki i ka maloʻo ʻana o nā pua) - ma kahi o 1,5 mau mahina;
• ulu ka hippeastrum (i kēia manawa he mau lau wale nō) - ma kahi o 7,5 - 8,5 mahina;
• manawa hoʻomaha - 2 - 3 mahina. 

Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ʻo ka wā dormant o ka hippeastrum mai ʻOkakopa a Ianuali, a pua ia i ka waena o ka hoʻoilo. Akā inā makemake ʻia, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia kēia mau lā ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka wai a me ka mahana.

ʻO ka mālama pua Hippeastrum ma ka home

Ma keʻano laulā, ʻaʻole paʻakikī ka mālama ʻana i ka hippeastrum, akā hāʻawi ʻia i ka dormancy o ka mea kanu, aia kona mau ʻano ponoʻī.

Pā

Makemake ʻo Hippeastrum i ka lepo palupalu a momona. ʻO ka hui kūpono no ia he hui ʻana o ke one kahawai me ka humus, nā lau a me ka lepo soddy i ka ratio o 2: 1: 2: 2. 

"Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā lepo i mākaukau no nā mea kanu pua mai ka hale kūʻai," wahi a agronomist Svetlana Mikhailova, - akā ʻo ko lākou ʻano maikaʻi i kekahi manawa e waiho nui i ka makemake, hana ʻia lākou ma ke kumu o ka peat a maloʻo koke. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ʻaʻole e palaualelo a hana ʻoe iā ʻoe iho i ka lepo kūpono.

kau iho

Makemake ʻo Hippeastrum i ka nui o ka mālamalama, akā pono e pālahalaha ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole hiki ke waiho ʻia ka ipuhao ma lalo o ka lā wela. Hiki iā ʻoe, no ka laʻana, hūnā iā ia ma hope o kekahi mea kanu nui e malu iki. 

ʻO kahi maikaʻi loa i loko o kahi hale no ka hippeastrum he mau puka makani e kū pono ana i ka hema, hikina hema a hema paha.

Hoʻomoʻa i ka wai

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoinu ʻana i ka hippeastrum ʻaʻole ma ka piko o ka ipuhao, e like me ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, akā ma o ka pā - no laila ʻaʻole e hāʻule pololei ka wai ma luna o ka puʻupuʻu, e hōʻemi ana i ka pōʻino. 

A ʻo ka pinepine o ka hoʻoinu ʻana e pili ana i ka pae o nā mea kanu. 

I ka wā pua. Pono ka Hippeastrum i ka nui o ka wai i ka wā o ka pua - pono e hoʻoinu nui ʻia, akā no ka manawa e maloʻo ai ka lepo ma waena o ka wai i ka hohonu o ka ipuhao. Inā stagnate ka wai ma lalo, e hoʻomaka nā aʻa e pala, a laila ka ʻōpala.

I ka wā ulu. I kēia manawa, he lau wale nō ka hippeastrum, ʻo ka manawa maʻamau mai Pepeluali a ʻAukake-Sepatemaba. Pono e hoʻohāinu ʻia i ka wā ulu - ʻaʻole maloʻo wale ka ʻāina ma waena o ka wai, akā maloʻo hoʻi no kekahi mau lā. 

I ka hapa lua o ke kauwela, pono e hoʻemi ʻia ka wai i ka liʻiliʻi - hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 2 a 3 mau wiki e lawa, no ka mea, hoʻomaka ka mea kanu e hoʻomākaukau no kahi manawa dormant. 

Inā hoʻomau ʻoe i ka wai, ʻaʻole e hoʻomaha ka hippeastrum - e noho mau ia i ka makahiki āpau me nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻAʻole naʻe e mohala. 

I ka wā dormant. Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, i Kepakemapa, hoʻomaka nā lau o ka hippeastrum e huli melemele, a laila maloʻo. Hoʻomaha ka ʻōpuʻu a ʻoiai e hoʻomaha ana, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻoinu. 

ʻAʻole pono e wehe i ka ʻōpala mai ka ipuhao ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o ka mea kanu, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawe ʻana i ka ipuhao i kahi wahi anuanu kahi e piʻi ʻole ai ka mahana ma mua o 15 ° C. Hiki iā ʻoe, no ka laʻana, waiho ma lalo o kahi moena. – ʻoi aku ke anuanu o ka ea ma lalo. 

Akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻōpala i nā kūlana ʻoluʻolu - ma kahi mahana o 5 - 10 ° C. ʻO ia hoʻi, i loko o ka friji. Akā i kēia hihia, pono ʻoe e ʻeli i waho i ʻole e kauo i kahi ipu hao ma laila.

nā mea kanu

I ke kanu ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hippeastrum, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻohui i nā mea kanu i ka lepo - inā i hoʻomākaukau pono ʻia, e loaʻa iā ia nā meaʻai no ka manawa mua. 

Loaʻa ka mea maʻamau i ka lepo hale kūʻai, no laila ʻaʻohe mea e pono e hoʻohui ʻia ma ʻaneʻi.

e ai ana

Hānai ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu ma ke ʻano like - ka nitrogen mua (i ka wā e ulu ikaika ana), a laila phosphorus a me ka pālolo (i ka wā o ka pua). Akā i ka hippeastrum, he ʻoiaʻiʻo ka ʻaoʻao - pua mua ia, a laila ulu wale nā ​​lau. No laila, hoʻololi ke kauoha o ka hānai ʻana - hāʻawi mua lākou iā ia i ka phosphorus me ka potassium, a i ka wā e ʻike ai nā lau - nitrogen. 

- Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā mea kanu mineral maʻamau no ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka hippeastrum - pālua superphosphate, potassium sulfate a me ka urea. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana iā lākou e hānai i nā pua i loko - paʻakikī ke helu ʻana i ka nui kūpono, a no ka mea ua kaupalena ʻia ka nui o ka ipuhao, ʻaʻole e hele ka nui o ka mea kanu i nā wahi āpau a hiki ke puhi i nā aʻa, wehewehe. agronomist Svetlana Mikhailova.

No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu wai paʻakikī no nā mea kanu pua - e hana kekahi. ʻAe, ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai, akā ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana - pono ʻoe e hoʻoheheʻe i kahi pāpale o ka hopena i ka nui o ka wai i ʻōlelo ʻia. 

Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Gippeastrum i ka lole mua i ka wā e piʻi ai ka pua pua i ke kiʻekiʻe o 15 cm. A laila i kēlā me kēia 2 pule a hiki i ke kau waena. Ma hope o kēia, ʻaʻole pono ka lole luna - pono e hoʻomākaukau ka mea kanu no kahi manawa dormant.

Ka hana hou ʻana o ka pua hippeastrum ma ka home

Hiki ke hoʻolaha ʻia ʻo Hippeastrum ma 3 mau ala. 

E na keiki. Ma ka hippeastrum puʻupuʻu, i ka wā lōʻihi, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā puʻupuʻu kaikamahine liʻiliʻi, i kapa ʻia ʻo nā keiki. ʻO ka mea e pono ai, ʻo ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea kanu ke hoʻololi a kanu ʻia i loko o nā ipu ʻokoʻa. 

Ma ke ala, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā keiki, no ka mea inā aia lākou, ʻaʻole pua ka pua makuahine. No ka pua, pono ia i loko o ka ipuhao wale nō. 

ʻO ka mahele o ka puʻupuʻu. Hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻāpana ʻōpala i ka hopena o ka wā dormant - i Nowemapa-Dekemapa. ʻO kēia ka papahana:

• Pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka honua mai ka ipuhao a ʻo ka 1/3 wale nō o ka puʻupuʻu e waiho i ka lepo (maʻamau e kanu ʻia e 2/3); 
• me ka pahi ʻoi (no ka sterility he mea pono e holoi iā ia me ka waiʻona a i ʻole ke ahi ma luna o ke ahi), ʻoki i ka aniani i ka hapalua a i ʻole 4 mau ʻāpana, akā ʻaʻole i pau loa - i ka pae o ka lepo; 
• e hoʻokomo i nā skewers lāʻau ākea i loko o nā ʻoki - he mea nui ʻaʻole e hoʻopā nā ʻāpana o ka puʻupuʻu i kekahi i kekahi.

Eia kekahi, pono e mālama pono ʻia ka puʻupuʻu mahele, e like me ka hippeastrum makua maʻamau. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia māhele kona rosette o nā lau. I ka hāʻule, hoʻomaha ka mea kanu. A ma mua o kona ala ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi, i Nowemapa-Dekemapa (e hoʻololi ʻia i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki), pono e ʻoki ʻia ka ʻōpala a hiki i ka hopena a kanu ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻāpana i loko o kahi ipu ʻokoʻa. Loaʻa iā ʻoe he 2 a i ʻole 4 mau mea kanu hou, a ma hope o ka māhele ʻana, e hoʻomaka ana nā keiki e hana ikaika ma kēlā me kēia ʻāpana (3). 

Nā hua. ʻO kēia ke ala pilikia loa, akā ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā mea kanu ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka wā e puʻunaue ai i nā ʻōpala a kanu i nā keiki. 

I mea e hoʻonohonoho ai nā hua, i ka wā o ka pua o ka mea kanu makuahine, pono ʻoe e hōʻiliʻili i ka pollen mai nā stamens me kahi pulupulu a hoʻoili i ka pistil. Me ka ʻole o ka insemination artificial, ʻaʻole i hana ʻia nā hua. Inā hoʻokahi wale nō mea kanu, a pollinated ʻoe me kāu pollen ponoʻī, a laila e haʻahaʻa ka germination hua - i loko o 37%. Akā inā ʻelua mau mea kanu like ʻole ma ka home, a lawe ʻoe i ka pollen mai kekahi a ʻaʻole hoʻololi i ka pistil o kekahi, a laila ʻoi aku ka nui o ka germination ma luna o 70% (3). Inā ʻoe e pollinate i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hippeastrums, a laila ʻaʻole mālama nā keiki i nā hōʻailona o ko lākou mau mākua. Akā hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻano hoihoi, a hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohua i kāu ʻano ponoʻī.

- ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lūlū ʻana i nā hua hippeastrum ma hope koke o ka ʻohi ʻana, - paipai agronomist Svetlana Mikhailova, - i kēia hihia, ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou germination. Inā moe lākou a maloʻo, e emi ana ka germination.

E lūlū i nā hua i loko o nā pahu ma kahi hohonu o 1 cm a ma kahi mamao o 2 cm mai kēlā me kēia, a i ʻole i loko o nā ipu ʻokoʻa o 1 pc. Pono e hoʻohāinu pinepine ʻia nā mea kanu. Hiki ke kanu ʻia mai loko mai o ka pahu i ka wā i hoʻokumu maikaʻi ʻia ai nā lau.

Hoʻololi i ka pua Hippeastrum ma ka home

Hoʻoulu wale ʻo Hippeastrum i loko o nā ipu hao, a no ka ulu mālie ʻana o ka ʻōpala, pono e kanu ʻia ka mea kanu ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 3 a 4 mau makahiki. 

Pono ka ipuhao hou e like me ke anawaena he 2 knm ke ākea ma waena o ka pā a me nā paia. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e koho i nā ipu haʻahaʻa. Pono e hoʻokomo i kahi papa wai maikaʻi - 2 - 3 cm, i ʻole e paʻa ka wai i lalo i ka wā o ka hoʻoinu ʻana, a ʻaʻole e ʻawaʻawa ka lepo.

Pono e kanu hou i ka hippeastrum me kahi clod o ka honua, e ho'āʻo ana e hōʻino i nā aʻa. Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, pono e piʻi ka puʻupuʻu i 1/3 ma luna o ka lepo. 

ʻO ka manawa maikaʻi loa e hoʻololi i ka hippeastrum ma mua o ka wā dormant a ma hope koke o ka pua.

Nā maʻi o ka pua hippeastrum

Ma ka home, maʻi pinepine ka hippeastrums, akā mau nō. Ma keʻano he kūlana, ua hoʻopilikiaʻia lākou e nā maʻi 3. 

Puka pauda. He mea maʻalahi loa ia e ʻike ai - ʻike ʻia kahi uhi keʻokeʻo ma nā lau, e like me ka ʻōpala. 

ʻO nā lāʻau antifungal - ʻO Quadris, Privent, Strobi a i ʻole Thiovit Jet e kōkua i ke kū ʻana i ka maʻi.

ʻulaʻula pala. Hoʻopili ia i nā ʻōpala - ʻike ʻia nā wahi pala ma luna o lākou, hoʻomaka nā aʻa e pala, maloʻo nā lau. 

I kēia hihia, pono e ʻeli ʻia ka puʻupuʻu, ʻoki ʻia me kahi pahi sterilized ʻoi aku nā wahi pala, maloʻo maikaʻi, a laila mālama ʻia me Fundazol. Ma hope o kēlā, pono e kanu ʻia ka pā i loko o ka ipuhao hou, e ninini i ka lepo hou i loko, ma hope o ka calcining i loko o ka microwave a i ʻole ka umu.

Puhi ʻulaʻula. ʻO nā hōʻailona o kēia maʻi fungal he ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻili ma nā lau a me nā ʻōpala. Ke ulu nei ka maʻi, lilo nā lau i deformed, nāwaliwali ka peduncle a hāʻule. 

I ka hoʻomaka mua o ka maʻi, nā hoʻomākaukau keleawe - HOM a i ʻole Amila-Peak - e kōkua i ke kū ʻana i ka pathogen. Inā laha ikaika ka maʻi, pono e ʻoki ʻia nā lau o ka hippeastrum, e ʻeli ʻia ka puʻupuʻu, e ʻoki ʻia nā wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia i ke kino olakino, a pono e mālama ʻia nā wahi i ʻoki ʻia me ka hui ʻana o ka copper sulphate a me ka peni. (1:20). A laila pono e hoʻomaloʻo ʻia ka ʻōpala no 7 mau lā a kanu ʻia i loko o ka ipuhao hou me ka lepo calcined hou.

Nā nīnau a me nā pane kaulana

Ua nīnau mākou i nā nīnau maʻamau e pili ana i ka hippeastrum i kahi agronomist-breeder Svetlana Mikhailova.

Kumuwaiwai o

1. ʻAhahui ʻAhahui ʻAhahui Kūʻai Puhi Puhi Aliʻi (KAVB) https://www.kavb.nl/zoekresultaten
2. Reut AA Nā hopena o ke koho ʻana i nā mea kanu perennial ornamental ma ka South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute // Kohi o nā pepa ʻepekema o ka GNBS, volume 147, 2018 

   https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/itogi-selektsii-dekorativnyh-mnogoletnih-kultur-v-yuzhno-uralskom-botanicheskom-sadu-institute/viewer

3. Federal Institute for Risk Assessment // Press Release, Iulai 7.07.2007th, XNUMX

   Arkhipova IN Nā hiʻohiʻona olaola o nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana Amaryllidaceae Jaume St.-Hil. ma ka ʻāina palekana // dissertation, 2013 

   https://www.dissercat.com/content/biologicheskie-osobennosti-predstavitelei-semeistva-amaryllidaceae-jaume-st-hil-v-usloviyakh