Kumulāʻau pine

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hōʻike mua o ka Kunstkamera he ʻāpana o kahi lāʻau pine, ʻo ka lālā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaoʻao, ua wili akamai, ua ulu i loko o ke kumu. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi lālā me kahi ʻāpana o ke kumu i ka hale hōʻikeʻike. ʻOiai, ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ka lāʻau maʻamau. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka ʻōlelo Latina, ʻo kona inoa he pine nahele (Pinus sylvestris).

Ulu kēia lāʻau ma nā wahi a pau a kamaʻāina i nā mea he nui. ʻAʻole huikau ʻo ia me nā pilikua evergreen ʻē aʻe. Inā ʻaʻole me ka spruce, ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia mau lāʻau nani i ka wā ʻōpio, a hiki i 15-20 mau makahiki. ʻO ia wale nō ke ʻano like o ka silhouette. A he kakaikahi ka poʻe e nānā i ka lōʻihi a me ke kala o nā nila. Ma ke ala, ua helu ʻia nā ululāʻau pine e like me ka coniferous māmā, a inā ʻoi aku ka spruce, he nahele coniferous ʻeleʻele kēia.

ʻO 20 – 30 m (1) ke kiʻekiʻe o nā specimen makua o Scotch pine, a ʻaʻole paha kēia ka palena.

Nā ʻano paina Scotch

Ma nā wahi ʻāpana, kanu ʻia ka pine maʻamau ma ka ʻeli ʻana i kahi lāʻau ma kahi o ke alanui. A i ʻole waiho lākou i kahi hua pine i loko o ka māla, i ʻike koke ʻia ma kāna iho, mai kahi hua i hōʻea mai ka nahele kokoke loa.

Akā ma nā dachas, ma nā ʻāpana kūlanakauhale a me nā paka, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike pinepine i kahi ʻano maoli ʻole o ka pine Scots, ʻaʻole nā ​​​​subtypes i ʻike ʻia, no ka laʻana, nā Balkans, Karelia a me Mongolia. He ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī a me ka nani o nā "ʻohana" i hānai ʻia e nā mea hānai. Hoʻohana mau ʻia lākou no ka hoʻoponopono ʻāina (2).

ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole kaulana a ākea me ke ʻano lei columnar ʻO Fastigiata, paʻa (a hiki i 4 – 7 m) Watereri, dwarfish ʻŌmaʻomaʻo Globose и kaikamahine.

Loaʻa nā ʻano hoʻonaninani ʻo Scotch pine me nā kala atypical o nā nila. Me ke gula - aura и Wintergold, me ka hina polū- Bonn и glauc.

Mālama ʻo Scotch pine

He lāʻau ola ʻo Scotch pine, akā pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia kekahi o kona mau hiʻohiʻona i ka wā e ulu ana.

Pā

He mea maʻalahi ke koho ʻana he kūpaʻa ʻo Scotch pine i kahi ʻano lepo. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma keʻano, ulu ia ma ke one, one loams, loams, lepo kaumaha. ʻOiai ma nā pōhaku me ka lahilahi, he mau millimeters, ka papa momona! ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ka pali me nā aʻa, hoʻoponopono i ka lepo kolo, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā wahi sloping ʻāina (nā kahakai o nā loko a me nā kahawai, nā pali o nā awāwa).

ʻO nā pine varietal, nā punahele o nā kamaʻāina kauwela a me nā mea hoʻolālā ʻāina, ʻoi aku ka koi ma mua o ke ʻano kūlohelohe (3).

kau iho

ʻO nā ʻano mea kanu ʻelua a me nā ʻano like ʻole o Scotch pine he photophilous loa. ʻOiai i loko o kahi malu i haʻi ʻole ʻia, lilo ka lei aliʻi a ʻaʻole nani e like me nā wahi lā. 

ʻAʻole naʻe ʻo ka nalowale o ka decorativeness ka mea kaumaha loa. I loko o ka malu, nāwaliwali ka lāʻau pine, hiki ke maʻi a lilo i mea maʻalahi no nā pests. No laila, he mea ʻole ke kanu ʻana i nā lāʻau paina ma ka malu.

Hoʻomoʻa i ka wai

ʻO nā paina oʻo ke kūpaʻa i ka maloʻo. Hiki iā lākou ke hana me ka wai ʻole i ka wela. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nā mea kanu hou, ʻoi aku ka nui, a me kekahi mau ʻano compact me nā aʻa pāpaʻu.

ʻAʻole makemake ʻia e kanu i nā paina ma nā ʻāina wai, ʻoiai ma ke ʻano o kēia mau ʻano conifers e loaʻa mau ana i nā wahi wai.

nā mea kanu

ʻAʻole koi nui nā Pines i ka meaʻai ʻāina ma mua o ka nui o nā evergreens. No laila, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻopili i nā mea kanu no kēia mau mea kanu i ko lākou hale kauwela. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka "meaʻai", no ka laʻana, inā he manure hou a i ʻole he nui ka nitrogen i loko o ka fertilizer mineral, hiki ke hōʻeha i nā mea kanu. ʻOi loa i ka wā e hana ai i ka hopena o ke kauwela a ma hope.

e ai ana

I kekahi manawa i loko o ka lepo kahi hemahema o kekahi mea nui no nā mea kanu, hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha i ka manawa hoʻokahi. I kēia hihia, maʻamau i hoʻokahi manawa a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi pinepine, i ka pūnāwai, ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hau, hānai ʻia nā mea kanu, e hoʻopuka ana i kahi mea momona kūpono no nā conifers. A i ʻole lākou e hoʻohana i kahi mea hana kūikawā, e komo pū ana me kahi microelement (boron, manganese, etc.), pono e hoʻopiha ʻia ka nele o ia mea.

Ka hana hou ʻana i ka pine Scots

Aia 3 mau ala e hoʻolaha ai i ka pine Scotch.

Nā hua. ʻO ke ala maʻalahi loa e hoʻolaha ma ka hua. ʻO kēia ke ʻano o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā lāʻau pine i ka ulu lāʻau. Hiki i nā hua paina oo, mahalo i kahi ʻēheu liʻiliʻi (a hiki i 20 mm), lele mamao loa mai ka lāʻau makua. Ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki, ʻelua a ʻoi aʻe paha, e ulu ana ka nui. No laila, mai kāhāhā ʻoe inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi paina ʻōpio i waho o ka nahele paina.

Makemake ʻoe e lūlū iā ʻoe iho i nā hua paina Scotch? I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, pono lākou e hoʻoneʻe ʻia mai nā cones i hana ʻia, ʻoʻo a hoʻomaka e wehe. ʻO ka manawa kūpono no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā cones pine he hāʻule (Sepatemaba a me ʻOkakopa).

Hoʻomoe ʻia nā cones ma nā ʻāpana 1 - 2 ma kahi nūpepa a i ʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi pā nui, kīʻaha, a i ʻole kahi ʻeke lole ʻano pillowcase. E mālama i kekahi mau lā ma kahi maloʻo, mehana, e hoʻouluulu i kekahi manawa. Ma hope o kekahi mau lā, e hāʻule nā ​​hua ponoʻī mai nā cones. Manaʻo ʻia e lūlū koke iā lākou, ma mua o ka hoʻoilo, i loaʻa iā lākou ka stratification kūlohelohe. A laila e ʻoluʻolu ka germination, a ʻoi aku ka olakino o nā mea kanu. E lūlū ma kahi i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i ka lā a i ʻole ka malu iki. Hoʻonui ʻia lākou e 2-3 cm. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lūlū ʻana i nā lālani, ʻaʻole i ka maʻamau, me ka mamao ma waena o nā hua he 15 cm. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lūlū nui aku, akā me ka manaʻolana e hoʻokō ʻia ka thinning i ka manawa kūpono.

Ma hope o 1 - 2 mau makahiki, hiki ke kanu ʻia nā mea kanu pine ma kahi mau. A i ʻole ke kula hou, ʻo ia hoʻi, noho ākea, no ka ulu hou ʻana.

Hiki ke ʻae ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka pūnāwai a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hāʻule ʻana e nā ʻōpiopio ʻōpio o Scots pine, mahalo i kahi ʻōnaehana kumu. Ma hope aku, i ka wā e piʻi ai ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kumulāʻau ma kahi o 1,5 m, hoʻomaka ka ʻōnaehana kumu tap, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka mālama ʻana i ka wā e ʻeli ʻia. Akā i kēia hihia, me ka hoʻololi pono ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana ma hope, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā pine ʻōpio i kahi wahi hou.

ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā ʻano pine Scots ma ka lūlū ʻana i nā hua ʻaʻole ia e hōʻoiaʻiʻo iā ia iho, no ka mea, ʻaʻole pinepine nā mea kanu i nā ʻano varietal o ka ʻano kumu. Akā, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka lūlū hua e hoʻomohala i nā ʻano mea hoʻonaninani hou.

Nā ʻokiʻoki. Hoʻopili ʻia ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka pine Scots e nā ʻokiʻoki a me ka waiho ʻana me nā pilikia he nui, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia. Hoʻomaka ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki i ka pūnāwai ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ulu ikaika o nā wana hou. Lawe ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki 10-15 cm ka lōʻihi mai nā wana ulu o nā mea kanu ʻōpio. Pono lākou me kahi "kuʻekuʻe", ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka ʻāpana haʻahaʻa o ka pana o ka makahiki i hala he ʻāpana o ka makahiki ma mua o ka lāʻau o ka makahiki i hala.

Holoi ʻia nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa o nā ʻokiʻoki i ka wai no 1-3 mau hola e wehe i ka resin. A laila mālama ʻia lākou me nā mea hoʻoulu aʻa a kanu ʻia i loko o ka hale kōmaena, kūpono me ka hoʻomehana ʻana i lalo. He lōʻihi ke aʻa, liʻiliʻi ka pākēneka o nā ʻokiʻoki. Lawe ʻia ke kanu ʻana i nā ʻōpala aʻa i ka hāʻule o ka makahiki aʻe a i ʻole.

Inoculation. No ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻano hoʻonaninani, hoʻolaha ʻia nā pine varietal, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka grafting. He mau mea kanu grafted a mākou e ʻike pinepine ai ma nā kahu hānai.

ʻO ka mea mahalo, no ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻano conifers hou, me nā pine, ʻaʻole wale nā ​​ʻāpana o nā ʻano i ʻike ʻia (a hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia) i hoʻohana ʻia, akā ʻo ka mea i kapa ʻia nā brooms witch i loaʻa i ke ʻano.

ʻO nā maʻi o Scots pine

Pehea ka maʻi o nā pine i ka nahele, ʻaʻole mākou e ʻike. Akā i nā mea kanu kūlanakauhale, a ʻoi aku ka nui inā hiki koke mai kekahi ʻano pōʻino i kahi lāʻau paina ma kahi ʻāpana o ke kaona, ʻike koke ʻia ka pilikia.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka mea i loaʻa i ka lāʻau, ʻoi aku ka nui ma ka pae mua o ka lesion. A ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke koho ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka mālama ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻano hakakā ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā maʻi o nā pine a me nā conifers ʻē aʻe he ʻokoʻa loa ia mai nā pilikia o ka apple a i ʻole currant!

Hoʻopilikia ʻia ka paina Scotch a me kāna mau mea kanu e kekahi mau ʻano o ka schütte, ka ʻōpala ʻōpala, a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe. No laila, ʻokoʻa lākou ma waena o ka pine maʻamau a me ka pani hau. I ka hihia mua, lilo nā nila i ʻulaʻula, ʻike ʻia nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele (stripes) ma luna o lākou. No nā nila i hoʻopili ʻia e ka pani hau, he ʻano ʻulaʻula hina.

Ua like loa me ka ʻōpala nila a me ka maʻi, i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo pine spinner. Me ka ʻōpala, huli ʻeleʻele nā ​​nila, maloʻo, akā ʻaʻole hāʻule i kahi manawa lōʻihi. A ʻo ka pine spinner ka mea nui "hana" me nā wana. ʻO nā ʻāpana maʻi o nā lālā ʻōpio, inā ʻaʻole lākou e make, hiki ke wili i hope, e lawe i nā ʻano ʻano ʻano.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ʻaʻole e lawe i ka maʻi i kahi pālahalaha nui aʻe, inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke nalowale i nā mea kanu. I nā hōʻailona mua o kahi maʻi fungal (pine spinner, rust, shute, etc.), hoʻomaka ka mālama ʻana me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ke keleawe. No ka laʻana, Bordeaux wai (1% solution), a me XOM, Agiba-Peak hoʻomākaukau. Hiki ke ho'ōki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi Topaz, biofungicides Alirin-B, Gliocladin, Fitosporin (4).

Pono nā mea kanu (me ka lepo ma lalo o nā mea kanu) e hoʻopuʻi pinepine ʻia me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana, ma kahi o 3-4 mau manawa i ka manawa. Hoʻomaka lākou i ka pūnāwai ma hope o ka heheʻe ʻana o ka hau. Hoʻomaha ma waena o nā lāʻau mai 5-7 mau lā. Ma mua o kēlā, i loko o nā hiʻohiʻona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, pono e wehe a luku i nā nila make, nā lālā i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia e ka maʻi.

ʻO nā pests paina Scotch

ʻO ka papa inoa o nā pests coniferous pū kekahi i nā aphids kaulana, nā iniseti scale, spider mites, a me nā ʻelele o ka fauna, "hoʻolaha" nui i nā pine. ʻAi kekahi i nā nila, ʻai kekahi i ka wai, hana kekahi i nā ala i ka ʻili a i nā papa lāʻau hohonu, etc.

ʻO Shchitovki. He maʻalahi lākou e ʻike a ʻike ʻia ma nā mea kanu ma ke ʻano he plaques, nā ʻōpala i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano like ʻole o ka lentil a puni. 

ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kahi pest, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka "ʻai" ma nā nila. ʻAʻole paha e hiki ke ʻohi i nā iniseti unahi i hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia i nā nila, a ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea āpau he hana hiki ʻole. No laila hoʻokahi wale nō koho - he hoʻouka kemika. E kōkua ʻo Aktara, Actellik (4). He maikaʻi kēia mau hoʻomākaukau like inā hoʻouka ʻia nā aphids i nā pine a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau.

ʻO ka spider mite. I ka hakakā ʻana me nā spider mites, kahi mea ʻino weliweli, i ka wā e hoʻohele nui ʻia i ke kauwela wela, maloʻo, e hoʻopili i nā wana me kahi pūnaewele keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, hāʻawi ʻia ka mea nui i nā hana ʻē aʻe. 

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, pono ia e hoʻohana i ka pīpī ʻana i nā lei aliʻi. Pono e kāpīpī, a ho'āʻo e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā lālā mai lalo, a me nā wahi paʻakikī a pau i ka hohonu o nā lei aliʻi o varietal pine. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, aia ma laila kahi spider mite e noho ai, kahi mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike pinepine ʻia me ke aniani ʻole.

Inā ʻaʻole i kōkua nā kaʻina hana wai maʻamau no nā pule he nui, ua hoʻololi lākou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻomākaukau kūikawā, me nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, e kūʻē i ka ticks (acaricides). Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea hana e hana ana i nā ʻano mea ʻino nui i ka spider mites. ʻO Fitoverm kēia, Actellik (4).

ʻO ka nalo pine. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, i loko o nā ululāʻau paina he nui o ka waena waena i ke kauwela, hiki i kekahi ke ʻike i kahi pest maikaʻi ʻole - ka pine sawfly. Nui nā enuhe i loko o nā pūʻulu o nā kakini e noho i nā nila pine a ʻai ikaika. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona, ke nānā ʻia mai kahi mamao mai, he mea weliweli, ʻoi aku ka hoʻopailua loa. ʻO nā anuhe he mea paʻa loa a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o lākou ma nā wana pine. I kekahi manawa ʻai lākou i nā nila kahiko a pau (hoʻomaka me ia) a laila hele wale i nā ʻōpio, nā nila hou.

Ke hoʻopiʻi nui nei nā poʻe noho kauwela e pili ana i ka pine sawfly, kahi e hōʻino ai i nā pine maʻamau a me nā ʻano varietal. Inā ʻaʻole kōkua ka hōʻiliʻili lima a i ʻole ke kīkē ʻana i nā anuhe i ka lepo me ka ikaika o ka wai, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Aliot, Pinocide, Aktara, Lepidocid e hoʻopau i ka pest. A wehe mālie i nā pōʻai kokoke i lalo o nā kumulāʻau i ka hāʻule, e ho'āʻo ana e hōʻino i nā aʻa.

Nā nīnau a me nā pane kaulana

Ua kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana i ka pine Scots me agronomist-breeder Svetlana Mikhailova.

Kumuwaiwai o 

1. Aleksandrova MS Nā mea kanu Coniferous i kāu māla // Moscow, CJSC "Fiton +", 2000 - 224 p.

2. Markovsky Yu.B. ʻO nā conifers maikaʻi loa i ka hoʻolālā māla // Moscow, CJSC Fiton +, 2004 - 144 p.

3. Gostev VG, Yuskevich NN Hoʻolālā i nā māla a me nā paka // Moscow, Stroyizdat, 1991 - 340 p.

4. ʻO ka papa inoa o ka mokuʻāina o nā pesticides a me nā agrochemical i ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ka ʻāina o ka Federation a hiki i Iulai 6, 2021 // Ministry of Agriculture of the Federation

https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii-i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/