ʻO One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest a me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā puke ʻē aʻe e hōʻike ana i ka lāʻau electroconvulsive ma ke ʻano he barbaric a loko ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, manaʻo ka psychiatrist hoʻomaʻamaʻa he ʻokoʻa ke kūlana a i kekahi manawa he mea nui kēia ʻano.
ʻO ka Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) kahi ala maikaʻi loa no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi noʻonoʻo koʻikoʻi. A ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻohana iā ia "ma nā ʻāina ʻekolu o ka honua kahi e pilikia ai nā lāʻau lapaʻau", akā ma USA, Austria, Kanada, Kelemānia a me nā mokuʻāina ʻē aʻe.
Ua ʻike nui ʻia kēia ʻano hana ma nā pōʻai psychiatric a ma Rūsia. Akā ʻaʻole hiki i nā maʻi ka ʻike maoli e pili ana iā ia. Nui nā manaʻo ʻino a me nā moʻolelo e pili ana iā ECT ʻaʻole makemake nui ka poʻe e ʻimi i nā manaʻo ʻē aʻe.
Na wai i haku i kēia?
I ka makahiki 1938, ua ho'āʻo nā kauka lapaʻau Italia ʻo Lucio Bini lāua ʻo Hugo Cerletti e mālama i ka catatonia (he psychopathological syndrome) me ka uila. A loaʻa iā mākou nā hopena maikaʻi. A laila ua nui nā hoʻokolohua like ʻole, ua loli ke ʻano o ka electroshock therapy. I ka wā mua, ua kau ʻia nā manaʻolana nui ma ke ʻano. A laila, mai ka makahiki 1960, ua emi ka hoihoi iā ia, a ua hoʻomaka ka psychopharmacology e ulu ikaika. A i ka makahiki 1980, ua "hoʻoponopono houʻia"ʻo ECT a ua hoʻomauʻia e noiʻiʻia no kona pono.
I ka manawa e pono ai?
ʻO nā hōʻailona no ka ECT he mau maʻi he nui.
No ka laʻana, schizophrenia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma hope koke o ka hana ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi, ʻaʻohe mea e haʻalulu i ke kanaka. ʻAʻole pono kēia e ʻōlelo i ka liʻiliʻi loa. No ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua kuhikuhi ʻia kahi papa o ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Akā inā ʻaʻole kōkua nā huaʻōlelo, a laila hiki loa a pono e hoʻāʻo i kēia ʻano. Akā, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma ke ʻano i wehewehe ʻia a ma lalo o ka nānā ʻana o nā loea. Ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa honua, pono kēia e loaʻa ka ʻae ʻike o ka mea maʻi. Hana ʻia nā ʻokoʻa i nā hihia koʻikoʻi a koʻikoʻi wale nō.
ʻO ka pinepine, kōkua ʻo ECT i nā hallucinations a me nā hoʻopunipuni. He aha nā hallucinations, manaʻo wau ua ʻike ʻoe. I ka schizophrenia, ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou he mau leo. ʻAʻole naʻe i nā manawa a pau. Loaʻa paha nā manaʻo o ka hoʻopā ʻana, a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā hallucinations, a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻike, ke ʻike ke kanaka i kahi mea ʻaʻole maoli ma laila (ʻaʻole e huikau me nā hoʻopunipuni, ke kuhi hewa mākou i ka lāʻau no ka ʻīlio daimonio i ka pōʻeleʻele).
ʻO Delirium kahi pilikia o ka manaʻo. No ka laʻana, hoʻomaka ke kanaka e manaʻo he lālā ʻo ia no kahi keʻena malu o ke aupuni a ke hahai nei nā kiu iā ia. ʻO kona ola holoʻokoʻa i lalo mālie i kēlā manaʻo. A laila hoʻopau maʻamau ʻo ia i ka haukapila. Me kēia mau hōʻailona, hana maikaʻi loa ʻo ECT. Akā, ke haʻi hou aku nei au, hiki iā ʻoe ke komo i ke kaʻina hana inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka hopena i makemake ʻia.
Hana ʻia ka lāʻau electroconvulsive ma lalo o ka anesthesia. ʻAʻole manaʻo ke kanaka i kekahi mea.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka electroconvulsive therapy i kekahi manawa no ka maʻi maʻi bipolar affective. I ka pōkole, he maʻi kēia me nā pae like ʻole. Hoʻokomo ʻia ke kanaka i loko o nā ʻike kaumaha i ka lā a pau, ʻaʻohe mea leʻaleʻa iā ia a makemake paha iā ia. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, he nui kona ikaika a me ka ikaika, me ka mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻokō.
Hoʻololi pau ʻole ka poʻe i nā hoa pili kāne, lawe i nā hōʻaiʻē no nā kūʻai pono ʻole, a haʻalele paha i Bali me ka ʻole o ka haʻi ʻana i kekahi a waiho i kahi leka. A ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka mālama ʻana i nā lāʻau manic wale nō. I kēia hihia, hiki i ka ECT ke hele hou mai e hoʻopakele.
Hoʻopili kekahi poʻe kamaʻāina i kēia mau kūlana e pili ana i ka maʻi bipolar, akā ʻoiaʻiʻo he paʻakikī loa lākou. A pau lākou i kahi puʻuwai koʻikoʻi, ʻaʻohe mea maikaʻi.
Hoʻohana pū ʻia ka ECT inā ua ulu ka mania i ka wā hāpai. No ka mea, ʻo nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau no ia ʻano lapaʻau ʻaneʻane pau loa i ka contraindicated.
No ke kaumaha nui, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ECT, akā ʻaʻole i hana pinepine ʻia.
Pehea e hiki ai kēia
Hana ʻia ka lāʻau electroconvulsive ma lalo o ka anesthesia. ʻAʻole manaʻo ke kanaka i kekahi mea. I ka manawa like, hoʻohana mau ʻia nā mea hoʻomaha hoʻomaha i ʻole e hoʻokaʻawale ka mea maʻi i nā wāwae a i ʻole nā lima. Hoʻopili lākou i nā electrodes, hoʻomaka i kēia manawa i nā manawa he nui - a ʻo ia nō. Ala ke kanaka, a ma hope o 3 mau lā e hana hou ʻia ke kaʻina hana. ʻO ka papa maʻamau he 10 mau kau.
ʻAʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia nā mea āpau i ka ECT, no kekahi mau maʻi aia nā contraindications. ʻO ka maʻamau he mau pilikia puʻuwai koʻikoʻi kēia, kekahi mau maʻi neurological, a me kekahi mau maʻi noʻonoʻo (e laʻa, obsessive-compulsive disorder). Akā e haʻi maoli ke kauka i nā mea a pau e pili ana i kēia a, no ka hoʻomaka ʻana, e hoʻouna iā lākou no nā hoʻokolohua.