Emancipation o ka wahine Lūkini

NB Nordman

Inā ua kaumaha ʻoe iā ʻoe iho i ka ʻai, e ala aʻe mai ka papaʻaina a hoʻomaha. Sira 31, 24.

“Nīnau pinepine ʻia au ma ka waha a me ka palapala, pehea mākou e ʻai ai i ka mauʻu a me nā mauʻu? Nau anei makou ia lakou ma ka hale, ma ka hale kupapau, a ma ka nau, a pehea ka nui? Nui ka poʻe e lawe i kēia meaʻai he mea hoʻohenehene, hoʻomāʻewaʻewa, a he mea ʻino kekahi, pehea lā e hāʻawi ʻia ai ka meaʻai i nā holoholona wale nō a hiki i kēia manawa!" Me kēia mau huaʻōlelo, i ka makahiki 1912, ma ka Prometheus Folk Theatre ma Kuokkala (he kauhale hoʻomaha ma ke kahawai ʻo Finland, 40 km komohana komohana o St. Petersburg; i kēia manawa Repino), ua hoʻomaka ʻo Natalya Borisovna Nordman i kāna aʻo ʻana e pili ana i ka meaʻai a me ka mālama ʻana me nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūlohelohe. .

ʻO NB Nordman, e like me ka manaʻo lokahi o nā mea hoʻohewa like ʻole, ʻo ia kekahi o nā wahine maikaʻi loa o ka makahiki iwakālua. Ua lilo ʻo ia i wahine na IE Repin i ka makahiki 1900, a hiki i kona make ʻana i ka makahiki 1914, ua lilo ʻo ia i mea punahele i ka nānā ʻana, ʻo ka mea mua, o ka paʻi melemele - no kāna meaʻai meaʻai a me kāna mau manaʻo eccentric.

Ma hope mai, ma lalo o ke aupuni Soviet, ua hoʻopau ʻia kona inoa. ʻO KI Chukovsky, ka mea i ʻike pono iā NB Nordman mai 1907 a kākau i kahi obituary i kona hoʻomanaʻo ʻana, hāʻawi i kekahi mau ʻaoʻao iā ia i kāna mau moʻolelo ma nā contemporaries Mai nā memo i paʻi ʻia ma 1959 wale nō, ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka "thaw". I ka makahiki 1948, ua hōʻike ka mea kākau kiʻi ʻo IS Zilberstein i ka manaʻo o kēlā manawa i ke ola o IE Repin, i ʻike ʻia e NB Nordman, ke kali nei i kāna mea noiʻi (cf. ma luna me. yy). I ka makahiki 1997 ka ʻatikala a Darra Goldstein ʻO Hay wale nō no nā Lio? ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka Russian Vegetarianism ma ka Turn of the Century, i hoʻolaʻa nui ʻia i ka wahine a Repin: akā naʻe, ʻo ke kiʻi moʻokalaleo a Nordman, ma mua o kahi kiʻi paʻa ʻole a pololei ʻole o ka mōʻaukala o ka meaʻai meaʻai ʻo Rūsia, ʻaʻole hiki i kāna kaulike. No laila, noho nui ʻo D. Goldstein i nā hiʻohiʻona "smoky" o kēlā mau papahana hoʻoponopono a Nordman i manaʻo mua ai; Loaʻa i kāna ʻoihana meaʻai ka ʻike kikoʻī, ʻo ia paha ma muli o ke kumuhana o ka hōʻiliʻili i paʻi ʻia ai kēia ʻatikala. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ka manaʻo o ka poʻe hoʻohewa; Ua ʻōlelo kekahi o nā loiloi: Hōʻike ka ʻatikala a Goldstein i ka "pilikia ka ʻike ʻana i kahi neʻe holoʻokoʻa me kahi kanaka <...> E hana maikaʻi nā mea noiʻi e hiki mai ana o ka vegetarianism Lūkini e nānā i nā kūlana i hoʻomaka ai a me nā pilikia i loaʻa iā ia. , a laila e hana i kāna mau lunaʻōlelo.

Hāʻawi ʻo NB Nordman i kahi loiloi ʻoi aku ka manaʻo o NB Nordman i kāna puke e pili ana i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a me nā alakaʻi a Rūsia no ka hana mai ka wā o Catherine II: "Akā naʻe, ʻo kona ola pōkole akā ikaika i hāʻawi iā ia i ka manawa e kamaʻāina ai i nā manaʻo a me nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa kaulana loa. ʻO kēlā manawa, mai ka wahine a hiki i ka pono holoholona, ​​​​mai ka "pilikia lawelawe" i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka maʻemaʻe a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana iā ia iho.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo NB Nordman (ka pseudonym o ka mea kākau - Severova) i ka makahiki 1863 ma Helsingfors (Helsinki) i loko o ka ʻohana o kahi admiral Rūsia no Suedena a me kahi wahine hanohano Lūkini; Ua haʻaheo mau ʻo Natalya Borisovna i kona kumu Finnish a makemake ʻo ia e kapa iā ia iho he "wahine Finnish manuahi". ʻOiai ua bapetizo ʻia ʻo ia e like me ka hana Lutheran, ua lilo ʻo Alexander II iā ia iho i makua kāne nona; Ua ho'āponoʻo ia i kekahi o kāna mau manaʻo punahele hope loa,ʻo ia hoʻi ka "hoʻokuʻuʻana i nā kauā" ma o ka maʻalahi o ka hana ma ka lumi kuke a me ka pūnaewele o ka "kōkua pono'ī" ma ka papaʻaina (e kali ana i ka "lawelawe pono'ī" o kēia lā), ua'āponoʻo ia, ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi loa, ma ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka "Tsar-Liberator", nāna i hoʻopau i ke kauā ʻo Pepeluali 19, 1861. Ua loaʻa iā NB Nordman kahi hoʻonaʻauao maikaʻi loa ma ka home, ʻōlelo nā kumu i ʻehā a ʻeono paha mau ʻōlelo u1909buXNUMXb āna i ʻōlelo ai; ua aʻo ʻo ia i ke mele, ka hoʻohālike, ke kaha kiʻi a me ke kiʻi. ʻOiai ʻoiai he kaikamahine, ʻo Natasha, ʻike ʻia, ua ʻeha nui ʻia ma waena o nā keiki a me nā mākua i ka hanohano kiʻekiʻe, no ka mea, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka mālama a me ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki i nā kahu hānai, nā kaikamahine a me nā wahine e kali nei. ʻO kāna moʻolelo pilikino pōkole ʻo Maman (XNUMX), kekahi o nā moʻolelo kamaliʻi maikaʻi loa ma ka palapala Lūkini, e hōʻike maopopo ana i ka hopena o nā kūlana pilikanaka e hoʻonele ai i ke keiki i ke aloha makuahine i ka ʻuhane o ke keiki. ʻO kēia kikokikona ke kī i ke ʻano radical o ke kūʻē kaiapili a me ka hōʻole ʻana i nā ʻano maʻamau he nui i hoʻoholo i kona ala ola.

I ka ʻimi ʻana i ke kūʻokoʻa a me ka hana pili kaiaulu, i ka makahiki 1884, i ka iwakālua o kona mau makahiki, hele ʻo ia i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa no hoʻokahi makahiki, kahi āna i hana ai ma kahi mahiʻai. Ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana mai ʻAmelika, ua pāʻani ʻo NB Nordman ma ke kahua amateur ma Moscow. I kēlā manawa, noho ʻo ia me kāna hoa pili ʻo ke Kamāliʻiwahine MK Tenisheva "i ka lewa o ka pena a me ke mele", makemake ʻo ia i ka "hula ballet, Italia, kiʻi kiʻi, kiʻi kiʻiʻoniʻoni, psychophysiology a me ka hoʻokele politika." I loko o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Moscow "Paradise" Ua hui ʻo Nordman i kahi mea kālepa ʻōpio ʻo Alekseev - ʻo ia ka manawa i lawe ai ʻo ia i ka pseudonym Stanislavsky, a i ka makahiki 1898 ua lilo ʻo ia i mea hoʻokumu i ka Moscow Art Theatre. Ua hoʻohiki ʻo Luna Hoʻokele ʻo Alexander Filippovich Fedotov (1841-1895) iā ia "he wā e hiki mai ana ma ke ʻano he mea hana comic", hiki ke heluhelu ʻia ma kāna puke "Intimate Pages" (1910). Ma hope o ka hui ʻana o IE Repin a me EN Zvantseva i huhū loa, ua komo ʻo Nordman i kahi male kīwila me ia. I ka makahiki 1900, ua kipa pū lākou i ka World Exhibition ma Paris, a laila hele lākou i ka huakaʻi i Italia. Ua pena ʻo IE Repin i kekahi mau kiʻi o kāna wahine, ma waena o lākou - he kiʻi ma kahakai o Lake Zell "NB Nordman in a Tyrolean cap "(yy ill.), - ke kiʻi punahele a Repin o kāna wahine. I ka makahiki 1905, holo hou lakou i Italia; ma ke ala, ma Krakow, pena ʻo Repin i kekahi kiʻi o kāna wahine; ʻO kā lākou huakaʻi aʻe i Italia, i kēia manawa i ka hōʻikeʻike honua ma Turin a laila i Roma, i hana ʻia ma 1911.

Ua make ʻo NB Nordman i Iune 1914 ma Orselino, kokoke i Locarno, mai ka maʻi maʻi o ka ʻāʻī 13; Ma ka lā 26 o Mei, 1989, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi pā hoʻomanaʻo ma ka hale kupapaʻu kūloko me ka palapala "mea kākau a me ka hoa ola o ka mea pena nui Lūkini ʻo Ilya Repin" (ill. 14 yy). Ua hoʻolaʻa ka mea hope i kahi obituary kaumaha iā ia, i paʻi ʻia ma ka Vegetarian Herald. I loko o kēlā mau makahiki he ʻumikūmālima i ʻike maka ʻia ai ʻo ia i kāna mau hana, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i pau ka pīhoihoi i kāna "ʻahaʻaina ola", kona manaʻo maikaʻi, ka waiwai o nā manaʻo a me ka wiwo ʻole. ʻO nā "Penates", ko lākou home ma Kuokkala, ua lawelawe no kahi kokoke i ʻumi makahiki ma ke ʻano he kulanui aupuni, i manaʻo ʻia no ka lehulehu ākea; maanei ua haawiia na haiolelo no na ano kumuhana apau: “Aole, aole oe e poina iaia; ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe e kamaʻāina me kāna mau moʻolelo poina ʻole.

I loko o kāna mau moʻolelo, ua pale ʻo KI Chukovsky iā NB Nordman mai ka hoʻouka ʻana o ka nūpepa Lūkini: "E ʻae ʻo kāna haʻiʻōlelo i kekahi manawa he mea ʻino loa ia, me he mea lā he mea ʻino, ʻo ia hoʻi - ʻo kēia makemake nui, noʻonoʻo ʻole, mākaukau no nā ʻano mōhai āpau i hoʻopā a hauʻoli. iā ia. A nānā pono ʻoe, ʻike ʻoe i loko o kāna mau quirks he nui ke koʻikoʻi, noʻonoʻo. ʻO ka meaʻai meaʻai Lūkini, e like me Chukovsky, ua nalowale kāna lunaʻōlelo nui i loko. "He kālena nui kāna no kēlā me kēia ʻano propaganda. Ua mahalo ʻo ia i nā koho koho! ʻO kāna haʻi ʻana o ka hui pū ʻana i hōʻailona ai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi hale kūʻai kūʻai hui ma Kuokkale; ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i hale waihona puke; ua hana nui ʻo ia e pili ana i ke kula; ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo ia i kahi hale keaka poʻe; Ua kōkua ʻo ia i nā hale ʻai meaʻai - me ka makemake pau ʻole. ʻO kāna mau manaʻo a pau he demokalaka. Makehewa ʻo Chukovsky i koi aku iā ia e poina i nā hoʻoponopono a kākau i nā moʻolelo, nā comedies, nā moʻolelo. “I koʻu ʻike ʻana i kāna moʻolelo ʻo The Runaway in Niva, ua kahaha wau i kona akamai i manaʻo ʻole ʻia: he kaha kiʻi ikaika, nā kala ʻoiaʻiʻo a wiwo ʻole. I loko o kāna puke Intimate Pages he nui nā paukū nani e pili ana i ka mea kālai ʻo Trubetskoy, e pili ana i nā mea pena kiʻi Moscow. Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei au me ka mahalo nui o ka poʻe kākau (ma waena o lākou he poʻe nui loa) i hoʻolohe i kāna mele hoʻomākeʻaka ʻo Little Children in the Penates. He maka makaala ʻo ia, ua akamai ʻo ia i ke kamaʻilio ʻana, a ʻo nā ʻaoʻao he nui o kāna mau puke he mau hana noʻeau maoli nō. Hiki iaʻu ke kākau i ka leo ma hope o ka leo, e like me nā wahine kākau. Akā, ua hukiʻiaʻo ia i kekahiʻanoʻoihana, i kekahiʻano hana, kahi, ma waho o ka hoʻoweliweli a me ka hanaʻino,ʻaʻoleʻo ia i hālāwai me ka lua kupapaʻu.

No ka ʻike ʻana i ka hopena o ka vegetarianism Lūkini ma ka pōʻaiapili maʻamau o ka moʻomeheu Lūkini, pono e noʻonoʻo i nā kikoʻī hou aku i ke kiʻi o NB Nordman.

ʻOiai he mea hoʻoponopono i ka ʻuhane, ua kau ʻo ia i nā hoʻololi (ma nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole) ma ke kumu o kona mau manaʻo ola, a ʻo ka meaʻai - ma ko lākou ʻano ākea - ʻo ia ke kikowaena nona. ʻO ke kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano meaʻai meaʻai i ka hihia o Nordman i hoʻokani ʻia e ka kamaʻāina me Repin, ka mea, i ka makahiki 1891, ma lalo o ka mana o Leo Tolstoy, hoʻomaka e lilo i mea ʻai i kekahi manawa. Akā inā no Repin nā hiʻohiʻona maʻemaʻe a me ke olakino maikaʻi ma mua, a laila no ka Nordman etika a me ka pilikanaka i lilo koke i mea nui loa. I ka makahiki 1913, i loko o ka puke liʻiliʻi ʻo The Testaments of Paradise, ua kākau ʻo ia: "I koʻu hilahila, pono wau e haʻi ʻaʻole wau i hele i ka manaʻo o ka vegetarianism ma o ke ʻano pono, akā ma o ka ʻeha kino. I ka makahiki he kanahā [iee ma kahi o 1900 – PB] ua ʻoʻopa wau. ʻAʻole wale ʻo Nordman i aʻo i nā hana a nā kauka H. Lamann lāua ʻo L. Pasco, i ʻike ʻia e Repin, akā hoʻolaha pū ʻo Kneipp hydrotherapy, a kākoʻo pū i ka maʻalahi a me ke ola kokoke i ke ʻano. Ma muli o kona aloha ʻole i nā holoholona, ​​ua hōʻole ʻo ia i ka lacto-ovo vegetarianism: ʻo ia hoʻi, "ʻo ia ke ola ma ka pepehi kanaka a me ka powa." Ua hōʻole ʻo ia i nā hua manu, ka pata, ka waiū a me ka meli a, no laila, i loko o nā huaʻōlelo o kēia lā - e like me, ma ke ʻano, ʻo Tolstoy - he vegan (akā ʻaʻole ia he meaʻai maka). ʻOiaʻiʻo, i loko o kāna mau palapala Paradaiso, hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā ʻano meaʻai no nā ʻaina ʻaina maka, akā ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo ia i ka wā i hoʻomākaukau ai ʻo ia i nā kīʻaha, ʻaʻole nui nā ʻano like ʻole o kāna papa kuhikuhi. Eia naʻe, i nā makahiki hope loa o kona ola ʻana, ua hoʻoikaika ʻo Nordman e mālama i ka ʻai meaʻai maka - i ka makahiki 1913 ua kākau ʻo ia iā I. Perper: "ʻAi au a maikaʻi loa <...> I ka Pōʻakolu, i ka wā i loaʻa ai iā mākou ʻo Babin, mākou Loaʻa iā ia ka ʻōlelo hope loa o ka vegetarianism: ʻo nā mea āpau no 30 poʻe he maka, ʻaʻole hoʻokahi mea paila. Ua hōʻike ʻo Nordman i kāna mau hoʻokolohua i ka lehulehu. Ma ka lā 25 o Malaki, 1913, ua haʻi ʻo ia iā I. Perper a me kāna wahine mai Penat:

“Aloha e kaʻu mau mea nani, ʻo Iosepa lāua ʻo ʻEsetera.

Mahalo iā ʻoe no kāu mau leka nani, ʻoiaʻiʻo a lokomaikaʻi. He mea pōʻino, ma muli o ka nele o ka manawa, pono iaʻu e kākau ma lalo o koʻu makemake. Hiki iaʻu ke hāʻawi aku iā ʻoe i ka nūhou maikaʻi. I nehinei, ma ka Psycho-Neurological Institute, heluhelu ʻo Ilya Efimovich i ka "On Youth", a ʻo wau: "Ka meaʻai maka, e like me ke olakino, ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka hauʻoli." Hoʻokahi pule holoʻokoʻa nā haumāna i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā kīʻaha e like me kaʻu ʻōlelo aʻo. Ma kahi o hoʻokahi tausani ka poʻe i hoʻolohe, i ka wā hoʻomaha, hāʻawi lākou i ke kī mai ka mauʻu, ke kī mai ka ʻupena a me nā sanwiti i hana ʻia mai nā ʻoliva maʻemaʻe, nā aʻa a me nā halo waiu saffron, ma hope o ke aʻo ʻana ua neʻe nā mea a pau i ka lumi ʻaina, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia i nā haumāna he ʻehā papa. ʻaina ahiahi no ʻeono kopecks: ʻo ka oatmeal i hoʻomoʻa ʻia, nā pī i hoʻomoʻa ʻia , vinaigrette mai nā aʻa maka a me nā hua palaoa lepo e hiki ke pani i ka berena.

ʻOiai ka hilinaʻi ʻole i mālama mau ʻia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kaʻu haʻiʻōlelo, ua hoʻopau ʻia nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae o ka poʻe hoʻolohe i ke ahi i ka poʻe hoʻolohe, ʻai lākou i ka pood o ka oatmeal i hoʻomoʻa ʻia, kahi pood of peas a me ka helu palena ʻole o nā sandwiches. . Ua inu lākou i ka mauʻu [iee herbal tea. - PB] a komo i loko o kekahi ʻano uila, ʻano kūikawā, ʻoiai, ua maʻalahi ʻia e ke alo o Ilya Efimovich a me kāna mau ʻōlelo, i hoʻomālamalama ʻia e ke aloha i nā ʻōpio. Ua inu ka pelekikena o ka institute VM Bekhterov [sic] a me nā polopeka i ke kī mai ka mauʻu a me nā ʻupena a ʻai i nā kīʻaha āpau me ka makemake. Ua paʻi ʻia mākou i kēlā manawa. Ma hope o ka haʻiʻōlelo, ua hōʻike mai ʻo VM Bekhterov iā mākou i ka nani loa a me ka waiwai nui ma ke ʻano o kāna ʻano ʻepekema, ka Psycho-Neurological Institute a me ka Anti-Alcohol Institute. I kēlā lā ua ʻike mākou i ke aloha a me nā manaʻo maikaʻi.

Ke hoʻouna aku nei au iā ʻoe i kaʻu puke puke hou [Paradise Covenants]. E kākau i kāna manaʻo i hana ai iā ʻoe. Ua makemake au i kāu puke hope loa, hoʻomanawanui mau au i nā mea maikaʻi a me nā mea pono. Mahalo mākou i ke Akua, ikaika a olakino, ua hele au i nā pae āpau o ka vegetarianism a haʻi aku i ka meaʻai maka wale nō.

ʻO VM Bekhterev (1857-1927), me ka physiologist IP Pavlov, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ke aʻo ʻana o "conditioned reflexes". Ua kaulana ʻo ia ma ke Komohana ma ke ʻano he mea noiʻi no ka maʻi e like me ka ʻoʻoleʻa o ke kuamoʻo, i kēia lā i kapa ʻia ʻo Bechterew's maʻi (Morbus Bechterev). Ua aloha ʻo Bekhterev me ka mea olaola a me ka physiologist prof. ʻO IR Tarkhanov (1846-1908), kekahi o nā mea hoʻopuka o ka Bulletin Vegetarian mua, ua kokoke ʻo ia iā IE Repin, nāna i pena i kāna kiʻi i ka makahiki 1913 (ill. 15 yy.); ma "Penates" heluhelu ʻo Bekhterev i kahi hōʻike e pili ana i kāna manaʻo o ka hypnosis; Ma Malaki 1915 ma Petrograd, me Repin, ua hana ʻo ia i nā hōʻike ma ke kumuhana "Tolstoy ma ke ʻano he mea pena a me ka mea noʻonoʻo."

ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu a i ʻole "hay" - ke kumuhana o ka hoʻomāʻewaʻewa nui o nā poʻe Lūkini o kēia wā a me ka paʻi ʻana o ia manawa - ʻaʻole ia he mea kipi. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Nordmann, e like me nā mea hoʻoponopono Lūkini ʻē aʻe, i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu mai ka ʻEulopa Komohana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka neʻe hoʻoponopono Kelemania, a me G. Lamann. ʻO ka nui o nā mea kanu a me nā cereals i ʻōlelo ʻia e Nordman no nā kī a me nā extracts (decoctions) i ʻike ʻia no ko lākou mau lāʻau lapaʻau i ka wā kahiko, ua pāʻani i ka moʻolelo moʻolelo, a ua ulu ʻia i loko o nā kīhāpai o nā monasteries medieval. Ua wehewehe ʻo Abbess Hildegard o Bingen (1098-1178) iā lākou ma kāna mau palapala ʻepekema kūlohelohe Physica a me Causae et curae. ʻO kēia mau "lima o ke akua," e like me ka mea i kapa ʻia i kekahi mau lāʻau, aia i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe o kēia mau lā. Akā ʻo ka noiʻi lāʻau lapaʻau hou i loko o kāna mau papahana ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea hana biologically i loaʻa i nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole.

ʻO ka pīhoihoi o ka nūpepa Lūkini e pili ana i nā mea hou o NB Nordman e hoʻomanaʻo nei i ka pīhoihoi naive o ka paʻi Western, i ka wā e pili ana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā mea ʻai meaʻai a me nā kūleʻa mua o ka tofu ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua aʻo ka poʻe nūpepa i ka soybean, kekahi o ʻO nā mea kanu kahiko loa, ma Kina he meaʻai meaʻai no nā kaukani makahiki.

Eia naʻe, pono e ʻae ʻia ua paʻi pū kekahi hapa o ka nūpepa Lūkini i nā loiloi maikaʻi o nā haʻiʻōlelo a NB Nordman. No laila, no ka laʻana, ma ka lā 1 o ʻAukake, 1912, ua paʻi ʻo Birzhevye Vedomosti i kahi hōʻike a ka mea kākau ʻo II Yasinsky (he mea ʻai meaʻai ʻo ia!) E pili ana i kāna aʻo ʻana ma ke kumuhana "E pili ana i ka pahu kilokilo [ʻo ia hoʻi, e pili ana i ka pahu kuke. – PB] a e pili ana i ka mea ʻilihune, momona a waiwai e ʻike ai ”; ua hāʻawi ʻia kēia haʻiʻōlelo me ka lanakila nui ma Iulai 30 ma ka Prometheus Theatre. Ma hope iho, e hōʻike ʻo Nordmann i kahi "puʻu kuke" e hoʻomaʻamaʻa a hōʻemi i ke kumukūʻai o ka kuke ʻana, me nā mea hōʻike ʻē aʻe, ma ka Moscow Vegetarian Exhibition ma 1913 a e kamaʻilio i ka lehulehu i nā ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea e mālama ai i ka wela - kēia a me nā hoʻoponopono ʻē aʻe. nā papahana āna i hāpai ai mai ʻEulopa Komohana.

ʻO NB Nordman kahi mea hoʻolaha mua no ka pono o nā wahine, ʻoiai ʻo ia i hōʻole i nā koho koho i kekahi manawa; ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana a Chukovsky ma kēia ʻano (e ʻike i luna) he kūpono loa. No laila, ua hoʻopuka ʻo ia i ke kuleana o ka wahine e hoʻoikaika i ka ʻike ponoʻī ʻaʻole wale ma o ka makuahine. Ma ke ala, ua ola ʻo ia iho: ua make kāna kaikamahine hoʻokahi ʻo Natasha i ka makahiki 1897 i ʻelua mau pule. I ke ola o ka wahine, ua manaʻo ʻo Nordman, pono e loaʻa kahi wahi no nā pono ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi o kāna mau manaʻo koʻikoʻi ʻo ia ka "hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā kauā". Ua moeʻuhane ka mea nona ka "Penates" i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka lā hana ʻewalu hola no nā kauā hale i hana i nā hola he 18, a makemake ʻo ia e hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻano o nā "haku" i nā kauā. Ma ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma waena o ka "lede o kēia manawa" a me ka "wahine o ka wā e hiki mai ana", ua hōʻike ʻia kahi koi e hakakā nā wahine o ka Russian intelligentsia ʻaʻole wale no ka like ʻana o nā wahine o kā lākou stratum ponoʻī, akā no nā mea ʻē aʻe. strata, no ka laʻana, ma luna o ka miliona kanaka o nā kauā wahine ma Rusia. Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo Nordman "ʻo ka vegetarianism, ka mea maʻalahi a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā hopohopo o ke ola, pili pili i ka pilikia o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā kauā."

ʻO ka male ʻana o Nordman lāua ʻo Repin, ʻo ia ka 19 mau makahiki i ʻoi aku ma mua o kāna wahine, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i "cloudless". ʻO ko lāua ola pū ʻana i ka makahiki 1907-1910 ua ʻoluʻolu loa. A laila me he mea lā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, ma hope he mau pilikia.

ʻO lāua ʻelua he mau ʻano hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa, me ko lāua hele ʻana a pau, e hoʻokō ana kekahi i kekahi ma nā ʻano he nui. Ua mahalo ʻo Repin i ka nui o ka ʻike o kāna wahine a me kāna kālena palapala; ʻO ia, no kāna ʻaoʻao, mahalo i ka mea pena kaulana: mai ka makahiki 1901 ua hōʻiliʻili ʻo ia i nā palapala āpau e pili ana iā ia, ua hōʻuluʻulu i nā album waiwai me nā ʻāpana nūpepa. Ma nā wahi he nui, ua hoʻokō lākou i ka hana hui.

Ua hōʻike ʻo Repin i kekahi o nā puke moʻokalaleo a kāna wahine. No laila, i ka makahiki 1900, ua kākau ʻo ia i ʻeiwa mau kala wai no kāna moʻolelo Fugitive, i paʻi ʻia ma Niva; i ka makahiki 1901, ua paʻi ʻia kahi paʻi ʻokoʻa o kēia moʻolelo ma lalo o ke poʻo inoa Eta, a no ke kolu o ka paʻi (1912) ua hele mai ʻo Nordman me kekahi poʻo inoa - To ideals. No ka moʻolelo Kea o ka makuahine. ʻO ka diary huna, i paʻi ʻia ma ke ʻano he puke ʻokoʻa i ka makahiki 1904, ua hana ʻo Repin i ʻekolu kiʻi. ʻO ka hope, ʻo kāna hana ka hoʻolālā o ka uhi o ka puke a Nordman Intimate Pages (1910) (ill. 16 yy).

ʻO lāua ʻo Repin lāua ʻo Nordman, ua ikaika loa lāua a piha i ka makewai i ka hana. Ua kokoke lāua ʻelua i nā manaʻo pilikanaka: ʻo ka hana kaiāulu a kāna wahine, makemake paha ʻo Repin, no ka mea, mai lalo o kāna peni no nā makahiki he mau makahiki i puka mai ai nā kiʻi pena kaulana o kahi ʻano pilikanaka i ka ʻuhane o ka Wanderers.

I ka wā i lilo ai ʻo Repin i lālā o nā limahana o ka Vegetarian Review ma 1911, ua hoʻomaka pū ʻo NB Nordman e hana pū me ka puke pai. Ua hoʻoikaika ʻo ia e kōkua iā VO i ka wā i noi ai kāna mea hoʻopuka ʻo IO Perper no ke kōkua i ka makahiki 1911 e pili ana i ke kūlana kālā paʻakikī o ka puke pai. Ua kāhea ʻo ia a kākau i nā leka e kiʻi i nā mea kākau inoa, huli iā Paolo Trubetskoy a me ka mea hana keaka ʻo Lidia Borisovna Yavorskaya-Baryatynskaya i mea e mālama ai i kēia puke "nani loa". Leo Tolstoy, - no laila ua kākauʻo ia ma ka lā 28 oʻOkakopa, 1911, - ma mua o kona makeʻana, "me he mea lā ua hoʻomaikaʻiʻo ia" i ka mea hoʻopuka o ka makasina I. Perper.

Ma "Penates" ua hoʻolauna ʻo NB Nordman i kahi māhele koʻikoʻi o ka manawa no nā malihini he nui i makemake e kipa iā Repin. ʻO kēia ka mea i hoʻonohonoho i kona ola hoʻomohala: "Ke alakaʻi nei mākou i kahi ola ikaika loa a māhele ʻia e ka hola. E ʻae wale mākou i nā lā Pōʻakolu mai ka hola 3 pm a i ka hola 9 pm Ma kahi o ka Pōʻakolu, aia nō mākou i nā hālāwai o ko mākou poʻe hana i nā lā Sābati. Hiki i nā malihini ke noho mau no ka ʻaina awakea – ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi i ka meaʻai meaʻai – ma ka papa ʻaina kaulana, me kahi papa ʻaina ʻē aʻe me nā lima ma waena, e ʻae ai i ka lawelawe ponoʻī; Ua haʻi mai ʻo D. Burliuk iā mākou i kahi wehewehe maikaʻi o ia ʻano meaʻai.

ʻIke maopopo ʻia ke ʻano o NB Nordman a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka vegetarianism i kāna papahana ola ma kāna hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā ʻatikala Intimate Pages, kahi hui ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole. Me ka moʻolelo "Maman", ua komo pū me nā wehewehe ola ma nā leka o nā kipa ʻelua iā Tolstoy - ka mua, lōʻihi, mai Kepakemapa 21 a 29, 1907 (ʻeono mau leka i nā hoaaloha, pp. 77-96), a me ka lua, pōkole, i Dekemaba 1908 (pp. 130-140); He nui nā kamaʻilio ʻana o kēia mau ʻatikala me nā kamaʻāina o Yasnaya Polyana. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa loa iā lākou nā manaʻo (ʻumi mau leka) i loaʻa iā Nordman i ka wā e hele pū ana me Repin i nā hōʻikeʻike o Wanderers ma Moscow (mai Dekemaba 11 a 16, 1908 a i Dekemaba 1909). ʻO ka lewa i lanakila ma nā hōʻikeʻike, nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mea pena kiʻi VI Surikov, IS Ostroukhov a me PV Kuznetsov, ka mea kālai ʻo NA Andreev, nā kiʻi o ko lākou nohona; ka hōʻino ma luna o ka pena kiʻi a VE Makovsky "Ma hope o ka pōʻino", i hopu ʻia e nā mākaʻi; ka moʻolelo o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa lole o The Inspector General i hana ʻia e Stanislavsky ma ka Moscow Art Theatre - ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau mea a pau i kāna mau moʻolelo.

Me kēia, ʻo Intimate Pages kahi wehewehe koʻikoʻi o ka kipa ʻana i ka mea pena Vasnetsov, ka mea a Nordman i ʻike ai he "ʻēheu ʻākau" a me "Orthodox"; ʻO nā moʻolelo hou aʻe e pili ana i nā kipa ʻana: i ka makahiki 1909 - na LO Pasternak, he "Iudaio ʻoiaʻiʻo", nāna i "kauka a kākau <...> pau ʻole i kāna mau kaikamahine maikaʻi ʻelua"; philanthropist Shchukin - i kēia lā kāna hōʻiliʻili waiwai nui o nā kiʻi pena o Western European modernism e hoʻonani i ka St. Petersburg Hermitage; a me nā hui pū me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻole ʻia i kēia manawa o ke kiʻi kiʻi ʻo Rūsia i kēlā manawa. ʻO ka mea hope loa, aia ka puke i kahi kiʻi kiʻi e pili ana iā Paolo Trubetskoy, ka mea i kūkākūkā ʻia ma luna, a me ka wehewehe ʻana o ka "Cooperative Sunday People's Meetings in the Penates."

Ua kākau ʻia kēia mau kiʻi palapala me kahi peni māmā; hoʻokomo akamai i nā ʻāpana kūkākūkā; nui nā ʻike e hōʻike ana i ka ʻuhane o ia manawa; ʻO ka mea āna i ʻike ai, ua wehewehe mau ʻia ma ke ʻano o nā manaʻo pilikanaka o NB Nordman, me ka hoʻopiʻi koʻikoʻi a me ka manaʻo maikaʻi i ke kūlana hemahema o nā wahine a me nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa o ke kaiāulu, me ke koi ʻana i ka maʻalahi, ka hōʻole ʻana i nā ʻano hui like ʻole a me nā kapu. , me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ola kauhale kokoke i ke ʻano, a me ka meaʻai meaʻai meaʻai.

ʻO nā puke o NB Nordman, ka mea i hoʻolauna i ka mea heluhelu i nā hoʻoponopono ola āna i manaʻo ai, ua paʻi ʻia ma kahi paʻi haʻahaʻa (cf .: The Testaments of Paradise - he 1000 kope wale nō) a i kēia lā he rarity. ʻO ka Cookbook for the Starving (1911) wale nō i paʻi ʻia ma 10 kope; ua kūʻai ʻia e like me nā keke wela a ua kūʻai ʻia i loko o ʻelua makahiki. Ma muli o ka hiki ʻole o nā kikokikona o NB Nordman, e haʻi wau i kekahi mau huaʻōlelo i loaʻa i nā koi i pono ʻole e hahai, akā hiki ke kumu i ka manaʻo.

"Ua noʻonoʻo pinepine wau ma Moscow i loko o ko mākou ola he nui nā ʻano kahiko e pono ai mākou e hoʻopau koke i ka hiki. Eia, no ka laʻana, ka moʻomeheu o ka "malihini":

ʻO kekahi kanaka haʻahaʻa e noho mālie ana, ʻai liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole inu iki, e hui pū me kona mau hoa. A no laila, i kona komo ʻana i ko lākou hale, e hoʻopau koke ʻo ia i kona ʻano. Hoʻokipa lākou iā ia me ke aloha, pinepine me ka ʻoluʻolu, a me ka wikiwiki e hānai iā ia i ka hikiwawe, me he mea lā ua pau ʻo ia i ka pōloli. Pono e hoʻonoho ʻia kahi nui o nā meaʻai ʻai i ka papaʻaina i ʻole e ʻai wale ka malihini, akā ʻike pū kekahi i nā mauna o nā meaʻai i mua ona. Pono ʻo ia e ale i nā ʻano like ʻole he nui i mea e pōʻino ai ke olakino a me ka noʻonoʻo maʻamau e maopopo ai ʻo ia ma mua o ka maʻi o ka lā ʻapōpō. ʻO ka mea mua, appetizers. ʻO ka ʻoi aku ka nui o ka malihini, ʻoi aku ka ʻono a ʻoi aku ka ʻawaʻawa o nā mea ʻai. Nui nā ʻano like ʻole, ma ka liʻiliʻi he 10. A laila ka sopa me nā pies a me nā kīʻaha ʻehā; koi ʻia ka waina e inu. He nui ka poʻe kūʻē, ʻōlelo lākou ua pāpā ke kauka, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka palpitations, ka maule. ʻAʻohe mea kōkua. He malihini ʻo ia, kekahi ʻano mokuʻāina ma waho o ka manawa, a me ka lewa, a me ka loiloi. I ka wā mua, he paʻakikī loa ia iā ia, a laila hoʻonui kona ʻōpū, a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e ʻohi i nā mea a pau i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia, a ua kuleana ʻo ia i nā ʻāpana, e like me ka cannibal. Ma hope o nā waina like ʻole - ʻaʻai, kofe, waiʻona, huaʻai, i kekahi manawa e kau ʻia kahi cigar pipiʻi, uahi a uahi. A ua puhi ʻo ia, a ua ʻona loa kona poʻo, e wili ana i kekahi ʻano leʻaleʻa maikaʻi ʻole. Kū lākou mai ka ʻaina awakea. I ka manawa o ka malihini, ua ʻai ʻo ia i ka hale a pau. Hele lākou i loko o ka lumi hoʻokipa, pono e make wai ka malihini. E wikiwiki, wikiwiki, seltzer. I kona inu ʻana, hāʻawi ʻia nā mea ʻono a i ʻole kokoleka, a ma laila lākou e alakaʻi ai i ke kī e inu ai me nā meaʻai anu. ʻO ka malihini, ʻike ʻoe, ua pau kona noʻonoʻo a hauʻoli, i ka manawa i hoʻi ai ʻo ia i ka hale a hāʻule ʻole ma luna o kona wahi moe.

I ka manawa e ʻākoakoa ai nā malihini i kēia kanaka haʻahaʻa a mālie, aia ʻo ia ma kahi ʻē. I ka lā ma mua, e kūʻai ana, aia ka hale holoʻokoʻa i kona mau wāwae, ua ʻāhewa ʻia nā kauā a ua hahau ʻia, ʻo nā mea a pau i luna, e palai ana, e puhi ana, me he mea lā e kali ana lākou i nā India pōloli. Eia kekahi,ʻikeʻia nā wahaheʻe a pau o ke ola i loko o kēia mau hoʻomākaukau - pono nā malihini koʻikoʻi i hoʻokahi hoʻomākaukau, hoʻokahi kīʻaha, nā ipu a me ka lole olonā, nā malihini maʻamau -ʻo nā mea a pau he awelika, aʻo ka poʻeʻilihune eʻoi aʻe kaʻino, aʻo ka mea nui loa,ʻo ka liʻiliʻi. ʻOiai ʻo kēia wale nō ka mea pōloli maoli. Aʻo nā kamaliʻi, a me nā aliʻi, a me nā kauā, a me ke kiaʻi puka mai ka wā kamaliʻi mai, e nānā ana i ke kūlana o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana, e mahalo i kekahi, he mea maikaʻi ia, e kūlou me ka mahalo iā lākou, e hoʻowahāwahā i kekahi. Ua maʻa ka hale holoʻokoʻa i ka noho ʻana i kahi wahaheʻe mau loa - hoʻokahi mea no nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo kekahi no lākou iho. ʻAʻole ke Akua i ʻike i ko lākou ola maoli i kēlā me kēia lā. Aia kekahi poʻe e pawn i kā lākou mau waiwai i mea e hānai maikaʻi ai i nā malihini, kūʻai i ka pineapple a me ka waina, nā mea ʻē aʻe i ʻoki ʻia mai ka waihona kālā, mai ka mea pono loa no ka kumu like. Eia kekahi, ua maʻi nā mea a pau i kahi maʻi maʻi hoʻohālike. "E ʻoi aku ka hewa iaʻu ma mua o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe?"

No hea mai kēia mau ʻano ʻano ʻē? - Nīnau au iā IE [Repin] - ʻO kēia paha, i hele mai iā mākou mai ka Hikina !!!

Ka hikina!? Pehea ka nui o kou ike no ka Hikina! Ma laila, ua pani ʻia ka nohona ʻohana a ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia nā malihini a kokoke - noho ka malihini i loko o ka lumi hoʻokipa ma luna o ka sofa a inu i kahi kīʻaha kofe liʻiliʻi. ʻo ia wale nō!

- A ma Finland, kono ʻia nā malihini i ko lākou wahi, akā i kahi hale kūʻai pastry a i ʻole hale ʻaina, akā ma Kelemānia hele lākou i ko lākou mau hoalauna me kā lākou pia. No laila, ma hea, e haʻi mai iaʻu, no hea mai kēia maʻamau?

- Mai hea mai! He ʻano Lūkini maʻemaʻe kēia. E heluhelu iā Zabelin, aia iā ia nā mea a pau i palapala ʻia. I ka wā kahiko, he 60 mau kīʻaha i ka ʻaina ahiahi me nā mōʻī a me nā keikikāne. Nuinui loa. ʻEhia, ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke ʻōlelo aku, me he mea lā ua hiki i ka haneli.

ʻO ka manawa pinepine, pinepine ma Moscow e like me nā manaʻo edible i hele mai i koʻu noʻonoʻo. A hoʻoholo wau e hoʻohana i koʻu ikaika a pau e hoʻoponopono iaʻu iho mai nā ʻano kahiko kahiko. ʻAʻole nā ​​manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole nā ​​kuleana like a me ke kōkua pilikino, ma hope o nā mea a pau! Pono e hoʻolei i ka ballast kahiko e hoʻopiʻi i ke ola a hoʻopilikia i nā pilina maʻalahi maikaʻi!

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou ma ʻaneʻi e pili ana i nā loina o ka papa kiʻekiʻe o ka hui Lūkini ma mua o ke kipi. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomanaʻo i ka "hoʻokipa Lūkini" kaulana, ka moʻolelo o ka pepeiao o IA Krylov Demyanov, nā hoʻopiʻi a ke kauka Pavel Niemeyer e pili ana i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "fatting" i nā pāʻina pilikino (Abfutterung ma Privatkreisen, e ʻike ma lalo o ka p. 374 yy) a i ʻole ke ʻano maopopo o ke kūlana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e Wolfgang Goethe, ka mea i loaʻa i kahi kono mai Moritz von Bethmann ma Frankfurt i ʻOkakopa 19, 1814: “E ʻae mai iaʻu e haʻi aku iā ʻoe, me ka ʻōlelo pololei o kahi malihini, ʻaʻole au i maʻa i ka loaʻa ʻana. ʻaina ahiahi.” A e hoʻomanaʻo paha kekahi i kā lākou mau ʻike ponoʻī.

ʻO ka hoʻokipa hoʻokipa i lilo i kumu o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana e Nordman a ma 1908:

“A eia mākou i loko o ko mākou hōkele, i loko o kahi keʻena nui, e noho ana ma kahi kihi no ka ʻaina kakahiaka ʻai meaʻai. Aia ʻo Boborykin me mākou. Ua hui ʻo ia ma ka elevator a i kēia manawa ua hoʻoinu iā mākou me nā pua o kāna versatility <…>.

"E ʻai pū mākou i ka ʻaina kakahiaka a me ka ʻaina awakea i kēia mau lā," wahi a Boborykin. Akā, hiki anei ke ʻai i ka ʻaina kakahiaka a me ka ʻaina awakea me mākou? ʻO ka mea mua, kūpono ko mākou manawa, a ʻo ka lua, hoʻāʻo mākou e ʻai i ka liʻiliʻi e like me ka hiki, e lawe i ka meaʻai i ka liʻiliʻi. Ma nā hale a pau, mālama ʻia ka gout a me ka sclerosis ma nā papa nani a me nā ipu. A ke hoʻāʻo nei nā mea hoʻokipa me ko lākou ikaika a pau e hoʻokomo iā lākou i nā malihini. I kekahi lā aʻe, hele mākou i ka ʻaina kakahiaka. Ma ka papa ʻehiku, ua hoʻoholo wau ʻaʻole e ʻae hou i nā kono. ʻEhia nā lilo, pehea ka nui o ka pilikia, a me nā mea a pau e pili ana i ka momona a me ka maʻi. A ua hoʻoholo nō hoʻi au ʻaʻole e hana hou i kekahi, no ka mea, ua ʻike au i ka ice cream i koʻu huhū i ka mea hoʻokipa. I loko o nā hola ʻelua e noho ana ma ka papaʻaina, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ʻae i kahi kamaʻilio hoʻokahi. Ua hoʻopau ʻo ia i nā haneli o nā manaʻo, huikau a huhū ʻaʻole mākou wale nō. I kēia manawa ua hāmama ka waha o kekahi - ua ʻoki ʻia ke kumu e ka leo o ka wahine hoʻokipa - "No ke aha ʻoe e ʻai ʻole ai i ka ʻuala?" – “ʻAʻole, inā makemake ʻoe, e hoʻokomo hou aku au iā ʻoe i nā turkey! ..” – ʻO ka malihini, nānā ʻino a puni, komo i loko o ka hakakā lima a me ka lima, akā ua make ʻo ia me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻole ʻia. Ua hoʻouka ʻia kāna pā ma luna o ka lihi.

ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole - ʻaʻole wau makemake e lawe i ka hana ʻino a me ka huhū o ka hostess i ke ʻano kahiko.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi kūʻē kūʻē i nā ʻaha kūkā o ke ola haku hanohano a palaualelo ma ka wehewehe ʻana o ka kipa ʻana e Repin lāua ʻo Nordman i ka mea pena a me ka mea ʻohi ʻo IS Ostroukhov (1858-1929). Nui nā malihini i hele mai i ka hale o Ostroukhov no kahi ahiahi mele i hoʻolaʻa iā Schubert. Ma hope o ʻekolu:

“A ME. E. [Repin] haikea a luhi. ʻO ka manawa kēia e hele ai. Aia mākou ma ke alanui. <…>

- Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i ka paʻakikī o ka noho ʻana i nā haku. <…> ʻAʻole, e like me kou makemake, ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke hana i kēia no ka manawa lōʻihi.

– ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu. Hiki paha ke noho i lalo a hele hou?

– E hele wāwae kāua! Kupaianaha!

– E hele ana au, e hele ana au!

A ʻo ka mānoanoa a me ke anu ka ea a hiki ʻole ke komo i loko o ka māmā.

I ka lā aʻe, kahi kūlana like. I kēia manawa ke kipa aku nei lākou i ka mea pena kaulana ʻo Vasnetsov: "A eia ka wahine. Ua haʻi mai ʻo IE iaʻu mai ka poʻe akamai, mai ka puka mua o nā kauka wahine, he akamai loa ʻo ia, ikaika a he hoaaloha maikaʻi loa ʻo Viktor Mikhailovich. No laila, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e hele, akā pēlā - lana ʻo ia, a i ʻole ʻoʻa ʻo ia. Obesity, e o'u mau hoa! A pehea! Nānā. A ʻaʻohe ona manaʻo - a pehea! Eia kekahi kiʻi nona ma ka paia i ka makahiki 1878. He ʻuʻuku, manaʻo, me nā maka ʻeleʻele wela.

ʻO nā haʻi ʻōlelo a NB Nordman i kāna kūpaʻa ʻana i ka vegetarianism e hōʻike ʻia e kahi ʻano like ʻole. E hoʻohālikelike kākou i ka ʻehā o ka leka mai ka moʻolelo e pili ana i ka huakaʻi o 1909: “Me ia mau manaʻo a me nā manaʻo ua komo mākou i ka Slavyansky Bazaar i nehinei no ka ʻaina kakahiaka. ʻO kēia ola kūlanakauhale! Pono ʻoe e maʻa i kāna ea nicotine, e ʻawaʻawa iā ʻoe iho me ka ʻai kupapaʻu, e hoʻopau i kou mau manaʻo pono, e poina i ke ʻano, e ke Akua, i hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomanawanui. Me ke kaniuhu, hoʻomanaʻo wau i ka ea balsamic o ko mākou nahele. A ʻo ka lani, ka lā, a me nā hōkū e hāʻawi mai i ka hoʻomanaʻo i loko o ko mākou naʻau. “E ke kanaka, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe koke i kukama iaʻu. Lohe ʻoe!? Leo kamaʻāina. Halawai hou. Eia hou, ʻekolu o mākou i ka papaʻaina. ʻO wai ia? ʻAʻole wau e ʻōlelo. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke koho. <...> Aia ma luna o kā mākou papaʻaina ka waina ʻulaʻula mahana, wisky [sic!], nā kīʻaha like ʻole, nā kino kino i nā curls. <…> Ua luhi au a makemake au e hoʻi i ka home. A ma ke alanui, he lapuwale, he lapuwale. ʻApōpō ka pō Kalikimaka. ʻO nā kaʻa o nā keiki bipi maloʻo a me nā mea ola ʻē aʻe e kau ana ma nā wahi āpau. Ma Okhotny Ryad, kau nā lei manu make ma nā wāwae. ʻO ka lā ma hope o ka lā ʻapōpō ka hānau ʻana o ka mea ho'ōla haʻahaʻa. Ehia mau ola i nalowale ma kona inoa." Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā manaʻo like ma mua o Nordman ma ka moʻolelo a Shelley On the Vegetable System of Diet (1814-1815).

ʻO ka pīhoihoi i kēia manaʻo ka ʻōlelo e pili ana i kahi kono ʻē aʻe i nā Ostroukhov, i kēia manawa no ka ʻaina ahiahi (palapala ʻehiku): "Ua loaʻa mākou i kahi ʻaina meaʻai. ʻO ka mea kupanaha, aia nā mea nona, a me ka mea kuke, a me nā kauā ma lalo o ka hypnosis o kahi mea hōʻoluʻolu, pōloli, anu a me nā mea ʻole. Ua ʻike paha ʻoe i kēlā sopa ʻōhiʻa wīwī i honi ʻia i ka wai e hoʻolapalapa ai, ʻo kēlā mau pāpaʻi laiki momona a puni nā huawaina paila i ʻōwili ʻia me ka minamina, a me kahi ipu hohonu kahi i lawe ʻia mai ai ka sopa sago manoanoa me kahi puna. ʻO nā maka kaumaha me kahi manaʻo i koi ʻia ma luna o lākou.

I nā hihiʻo o ka wā e hiki mai ana, ma nā ʻano he nui i ʻoi aku ka maopopo ma mua o ka huki ʻia ʻana e nā poʻomanaʻo poʻokela o ka Russian Symbolists, wānana ʻo NB Nordman me ka maopopo loa a me ka ʻoi o ka pōʻino e hiki mai ana ma luna o Rūsia i nā makahiki he ʻumi. Ma hope o ka kipa mua ʻana iā Ostroukhov, kākau ʻo ia: "Ma kāna ʻōlelo, hiki i kekahi ke manaʻo i ka hoʻomana i mua o ka miliona o Shchukin. ʻO wau, ʻike paʻa i kaʻu mau puke liʻiliʻi 5-kopeck, ma kahi ʻē aʻe, ua paʻakikī wau i ka ʻike ʻana i kā mākou ʻōnaehana kaiapuni. ʻO ka hoʻokaumaha ʻia o ke kapikala, ka lā hana 12-hola, ka palekana o ke kīnā a me ka ʻelemakule o ka pōʻeleʻele, nā limahana hina, hana lole i ko lākou ola a pau, no kahi ʻāpana berena, kēia hale nani o Shchukin, i kūkulu mua ʻia e nā lima. o na kauwa hooluhi ole a ke kauā, a i keia manawa e ai ana i ka wai hooluhi wale i na kanaka—ua eha keia mau manao a pau iloko o'u me he niho eha la, a ua huhu mai keia kanaka nui a lehule.

Ma ka hōkele ʻo Moscow kahi i noho ai nā Repins i Dekemaba 1909, i ka lā mua o ka Kalikimaka, ua kau aku ʻo Nordman i kona mau lima i nā poʻe wāwae wāwae, nā kiaʻi puka, nā keikikāne a hoʻomaikaʻi aku iā lākou i ka Holiday Nui. “La Kalikimaka, a ua lawe nā keonimana no lākou iho. He aha nā ʻaina kakahiaka, nā kī, nā ʻaina awakea, nā kaʻa, nā kipa, nā ʻaina ahiahi. A pehea ka nui o ka waina - nā ululāʻau piha o nā'ōmole ma nā papaʻaina. Pehea la lakou? <...> He poʻe naʻauao mākou, e nā keonimana, ʻo mākou wale nō - a puni mākou e piha ana i nā miliona o nā ola ʻē aʻe. <...> ʻAʻole anei he mea makaʻu ke kokoke lākou e uhaʻi i nā kaulahao a e hoʻopiha iā mākou me ko lākou pouli, naʻaupō a me ka vodka.

ʻAʻole haʻalele kēlā mau manaʻo iā NB Nordman ma Yasnaya Polyana. "He mea maʻalahi nā mea a pau, akā ʻaʻole eccentric, e like me ka mea nona ka ʻāina. <...> Manaʻo ʻia ʻelua mau hale hapa ʻole ke kū nei me ka pale ʻole i waenakonu o ka ululāʻau <...> I ka hāmau ʻana o ka pō pōʻeleʻele, e moeʻuhane ana ka ʻā o ke ahi, ka weliweli o ka hoʻouka ʻana a me ka lanakila ʻana. a ʻo wai ka mea ʻike i ka mea weliweli a me ka makaʻu. A manaʻo kekahi e lilo ana ka ikaika nui, kahili i ka moʻomeheu kahiko āpau a hoʻonohonoho i nā mea āpau ma kona ʻano ponoʻī, ma ke ʻano hou. A i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ma Yasnaya Polyana: "Haʻalele ʻo LN, a hele wau e hele me IE pono wau e hanu i ka ea Lūkini "(ma mua o ka hoʻi ʻana i ka" Finnish "Kuokkala). ʻIke ʻia kahi kauhale ma kahi mamao:

"Akā ma Finland he ʻokoʻa loa ke ola ma mua o Rusia," wahi aʻu. "Aia ʻo Rūsia a pau i nā oases o nā ʻāina manor, kahi e mau ai ka nani, nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā peach a me nā rosa i ka pua, kahi hale waihona puke, kahi hale kūʻai hale, kahi paka, kahi hale ʻauʻau, a ʻo nā wahi a puni i kēia manawa kēia pōʻeleʻele kahiko. , ilihune a nele i na pono. He mau hoalauna mahiai ko makou ma Kuokkala, aka, ma ko lakou ano ponoi, ua oi aku ko lakou waiwai mamua o makou. Na bipi, na lio! ʻEhia ka nui o ka ʻāina, ʻo ia ka liʻiliʻi o 3 rubles. anana. Ehia dachas pakahi. A hāʻawi ka dacha i kēlā me kēia makahiki 400, 500 rubles. I ka hoʻoilo, loaʻa iā lākou kahi kālā maikaʻi - hoʻopiha i nā glaciers, hoʻolako i nā ruffs a me nā burbots i St. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o ko mākou mau hoalauna he mau tausani kālā makahiki, a ʻo ko mākou pilina me ia ua like loa. Aia ma hea ʻo Rūsia ma mua o kēia?!

A hoʻomaka ka manaʻo iaʻu aia ʻo Rūsia i kēia manawa i kekahi ʻano interregnum: e make ana ka mea kahiko, a ʻaʻole i hānau ʻia ka mea hou. A minamina au iā ia a makemake wau e haʻalele koke iā ia.

Ua hōʻole ʻo NB Nordman i ka manaʻo o I. Perper e hāʻawi iā ia iho i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā manaʻo meaʻai meaʻai. ʻO ka hana moʻokalaleo a me nā nīnau e pili ana i ka "hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā kauā" me he mea lā i ʻoi aku ka manaʻo nui iā ia a hoʻopaʻa loa iā ia; ua hakakā ʻo ia no nā ʻano kamaʻilio hou; ʻO nā kauā, no ka laʻana, pono e noho i ka papaʻaina me nā mea nona - ʻo ia, e like me kāna, me VG Chertkov. Ua kanalua nā hale kūʻai puke e kūʻai aku i kāna puke liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ke kūlana o nā kauā; aka, ua loaa iaia ke ala e puka aku ai ma o ka hoohana ana i na envelopes i pai nui ia me ka palapala penei: “E hookuuia na kauwa. Pamphlet na NB Nordman", a ma lalo: "Mai pepehi kanaka. VI kauoha” (ill. 8).

ʻEono mahina ma mua o ka make ʻana o Nordman, ua paʻi ʻia kāna "Appeal to a Russian Intelligent Woman" ma VO, kahi āna i kākoʻo hou ai i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā kauā wahine ʻekolu miliona i loaʻa ma Rusia, ua noi ʻo ia i kāna palapala "Charter of the Society for the Ka pale ʻana i nā pūʻali koa. Ua hoʻopuka kēia palapala hoʻohui i kēia mau koi: nā hola hana maʻamau, nā papahana hoʻonaʻauao, ka hui no nā kōkua kipa, e hahai ana i ka laʻana o ʻAmelika, nā hale kaʻawale i hiki ai iā lākou ke noho kūʻokoʻa. Ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻonohonoho i loko o kēia mau hale i nā kula no ke aʻo ʻana i nā haʻawina home, nā haʻiʻōlelo, nā leʻaleʻa, nā haʻuki a me nā hale waihona puke, a me nā "kālā kōkua like i ka wā maʻi, nele i ka hana a me ka ʻelemakule." Ua makemake ʻo Nordman e hoʻokumu i kēia "hui" hou ma ke kumu o ka decentralization a me kahi ʻano hui like. I ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana ua paʻi ʻia ka ʻaelike like i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka "Penates" no kekahi mau makahiki. ʻO kaʻaelike i hāʻawiʻia no ka hiki ke hoʻonohonoho hou, ma kaʻaelike like, nā hola o ka lā hana, a me ka uku hou no kēlā me kēia malihini e kipa ana i ka hale (10 kopecks!) A no nā hola hou o ka hana. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i ka meaʻai: “Ma ko mākou hale e loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻaina kakahiaka a me ke kī i ke kakahiaka a me ka ʻaina awakea i ka hola ʻekolu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻai i ka ʻaina kakahiaka a me ka ʻaina awakea, inā makemake ʻoe, me mākou a ʻokoʻa paha.

Ua ʻike ʻia nā manaʻo pilikanaka i kāna mau ʻōlelo maʻamau. Me kāna kāne, aia ʻo ia ma "ʻoe", me ka ʻole o kāna ʻōlelo ʻana he "hoa" i nā kāne, a "nā kaikuahine" i nā wahine āpau. "Aia kahi mea hoʻohui e pili ana i kēia mau inoa, e luku ana i nā ʻāpana artificial āpau." I loko o ka moʻolelo ʻO kā mākou mau wahine i kali ʻia, i paʻi ʻia i ka pūnāwai o 1912, ua pale ʻo Nordman i nā "kaikamahine hanohano" - nā governesses i ka lawelawe ʻana i nā aliʻi Lūkini, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻonaʻauao ma mua o ko lākou poʻe hana; Ua wehewehe ʻo ia i kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana a koi aku iā lākou i ʻewalu hola hana, a e kapa ʻia lākou ma ko lākou inoa mua a me ka inoa patronymic. "Ma ke kūlana o kēia manawa, ʻo ka noho ʻana o kēia kauā i loko o ka hale he hopena ʻino i ka ʻuhane o ke keiki."

Ma ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i "nā limahana", ua hoʻohana ʻo Nordman i ka huaʻōlelo "nā limahana" - he ʻōlelo e hōʻike ana i nā pilina maoli, akā ʻaʻole naʻe a e haʻalele ʻia mai nā puke wehewehe ʻōlelo Lūkini no ka manawa lōʻihi e hiki mai ana. Ua makemake ʻo ia i nā mea kūʻai aku i nā strawberry a me nā huaʻai ʻē aʻe i ke kauwela ʻaʻole e kapa iā ia he "lede" a e pale ʻia kēia mau wahine mai ka hoʻohana ʻia e ko lākou mau haku wahine. Ua huhū ʻo ia i kā lākou kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i nā hale waiwai e pili ana i ka puka "mua" a me ka "ʻeleʻele" - ua heluhelu mākou e pili ana i kēia "kūʻē" ma ka palapala diary a KI Chukovsky i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma Iulai 18/19, 1924. Ma ka wehewehe ʻana i kāna kipa. me Repin i ka mea kākau ʻo II Yasinsky ("hero meaʻai o ka lā"), ua ʻoluʻolu ʻo ia e lawelawe i ka ʻaina ahiahi "me ke kauā ʻole," ʻo ia hoʻi, me ka ʻole o nā kauā.

Makemake ʻo Nordman e hoʻopau i kāna mau leka i kekahi manawa ma ke ʻano sectarian, a i kekahi manawa polemically, "me ke aloha meaʻai." Eia kekahi, ua hoʻololi mau ʻo ia i kahi huaʻōlelo maʻalahi, kākau i kāna mau ʻatikala, a me kāna mau leka, me ka ʻole o nā leka "yat" a me "er". Hoʻopili ʻo ia i ka huaʻōlelo hou o ka Paradise Testaments.

Ma ka moʻolelo ʻO ka lā inoa, haʻi ʻo Nordman pehea i loaʻa ai i ke keiki a kāna mau hoaaloha nā ʻano mea kaua āpau a me nā mea pāʻani koa ʻē aʻe ma ke ʻano he makana: "ʻAʻole ʻike ʻo Vasya iā mākou. I kēia lā, he pūkaua nui ʻo ia i ke kaua, a ʻo kona makemake wale nō e pepehi iā mākou <…> Nānā mākou iā ia me nā maka maluhia o nā mea ʻai meaʻai. he pu mikini liilii:… “. I kēia, pane ʻo Nordman: "ʻO ia ke kumu e hele ai lākou, ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻai i ka turnips a me ke kāpeti ...". Hoʻopili ʻia kahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa kākau pōkole. Hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope, e hoʻomaka ke Kaua Honua Mua.

Ua ʻike ʻo NB Nordman i ka vegetarianism, inā makemake ia e ʻike nui ʻia, pono e ʻimi i ke kākoʻo o ka ʻepekema lapaʻau. ʻO ia ke kumu i hana ai ʻo ia i nā ʻanuʻu mua ma kēia ala. Inspired, apparently, by the sense of solidarity of vegetarian community at the First All-Russian Congress of Vegetarians, held in Moscow from April 16 to April 20, 1913 (cf. VII. 5 yy), i ka mahalo i kana olelo holomua ma. ʻO Malaki 24 ma ka Psychoneurological Institute prof. ʻO VM Bekhtereva, ma kahi leka i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma Mei 7, 1913, ʻōlelo ʻo Nordman i ka neurologist kaulana a me ka mea kākau o ka reflexology me kahi manaʻo e hoʻokumu i kahi keʻena o ka vegetarianism - kahi hana i wiwo ʻole a holomua no ia manawa:

"E Vladimir Mikhailovich, <...> E like me ka manawa, makehewa, me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻia, hoʻolaha ʻia ka mahu ma luna o ka honua a ʻālohilohi ka uila, pēlā i kēia lā e holo wikiwiki ana ka vegetarianism ma ka honua i ka lewa, e like me ka mana hoʻōla o ke ʻano. A holo a neʻe. ʻO ka mea mua, no ka mea i kēlā me kēia lā e ala ka lunamanaʻo i nā kānaka a, e pili ana i kēia, ke loli nei ka manaʻo o ka pepehi kanaka. Ke mahuahua nei na ma'i o ka ai ana i ka io, a ke pii nei ke kumukuai o na holoholona.

E hopu i ka meaʻai meaʻai ma nā pū i ka hikiwawe loa, e hoʻokomo i loko o nā pane, e nānā pono iā ia ma o ka microscope, a hope loa e hoʻolaha leo nui mai ka pulpit mai ka nūhou maikaʻi o ke olakino, hauʻoli a me ka hoʻokele waiwai !!!

Manaʻo nā kānaka a pau i ka pono o ka noiʻi ʻepekema hohonu o ke kumuhana. ʻO mākou a pau, ka poʻe e kūlou ana i mua o kou ikaika piha, ka noʻonoʻo a me ka puʻuwai lokomaikaʻi, ke nānā aku nei mākou iā ʻoe me ka manaʻolana a me ka manaʻolana. ʻO ʻoe wale nō ma Rūsia hiki ke lilo i mea hoʻomaka a hoʻokumu i ka ʻoihana vegetarian.

Ke hele koke nei ka hihia i loko o nā paia o kāu Institute kilokilo, e nalo koke ka kānalua, ka ʻakaʻaka a me ka sentimentality. E hoʻi haʻahaʻa nā kaikamahine kahiko, nā kumu aʻo a me nā haʻi i ko lākou mau home.

I loko o kekahi mau makahiki, e hoʻopuehu ʻia ka Institute ma waena o ka lehulehu o nā kauka ʻōpio, paʻa paʻa i ka ʻike a me ka ʻike. A e hoʻopōmaikaʻi mākou a me nā hanauna e hiki mai ana iā ʻoe!!!

Mahalo nui iā ʻoe Natalia Nordman-Severova.

Ua pane ʻo VM Bekhterev i kēia leka ma Mei 12 ma kahi leka iā IE Repin:

"E ke aloha Ilya Efimovich, Ma mua o nā aloha ʻē aʻe, ua hauʻoli wau i ka leka i loaʻa mai iā ʻoe a me Natalya Borisovna. ʻO ka noi a Natalya Borisovna a me kāu, ke hoʻomaka nei wau e noʻonoʻo. ʻAʻole au i ʻike i ke ʻano o ia mea, akā i kekahi hihia, e hoʻomaka ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka manaʻo.

A laila, e ka Ilya Efimovich, hoʻopā ʻoe iaʻu me kou nānā. <...> Akā ke noi aku nei au i ka ʻae ʻana e noho pū me ʻoe ma hope o kekahi manawa, hoʻokahi paha, ʻelua a ʻekolu paha pule ma hope aku, no ka mea, i kēia manawa ke ʻoki ʻia nei mākou, a ʻo wau paha i nā hoʻokolohua. I koʻu wā kaʻawale, e wikiwiki wau iā ʻoe ma nā ʻēheu o ka hauʻoli. ʻO koʻu aloha iā Natalya Borisovna.

ʻO kāu ʻoiaʻiʻo, V. Bekhterev.

Ua pane ʻo Natalya Borisovna i kēia leka mai Bekhterev ma Mei 17, 1913 - e like me kona ʻano, i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia, akā i ka manawa like ʻole me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohenehene iā ia iho:

Dear Vladimir Mikhailovich, ʻO kāu leka iā Ilya Efimovich, piha i ka ʻuhane o ka hoʻolālā ākea a me ka ikaika, e hoʻokomo iaʻu i ke ʻano o Akim a me Anna: ʻIke wau i kaʻu keiki aloha, koʻu manaʻo ma nā lima makua palupalu, ʻike wau i kona ulu ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana, mana, a i kēia manawa hiki iaʻu ke make me ka maluhia a i ʻole ke noho maluhia. Ua nakinaki ʻia kaʻu mau haʻiʻōlelo a pau me nā kaula a hoʻouna ʻia i ka hale luna. E hoʻololi ʻia nā mea hana lima e ka lepo ʻepekema, e hoʻomaka nā hale hana, e ʻōlelo ke keʻena <...> me he mea lā iaʻu mai ka manaʻo kūpono, ka pono o nā kauka ʻōpio e aʻo i nā mea i ulu i loko o nā ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa. ua pehu mua ke Komohana: nā kahawai nui i loaʻa i kā lākou mau mea haʻi, nā sanatoriums ponoʻī a me nā ʻumi kaukani o ka poʻe hahai. E ʻae mai iaʻu, e ka naʻaupō, e hohola haʻahaʻa i kahi lau me kaʻu mau moeʻuhane meaʻai <…>.

Eia kēia "lau" - he kiʻi paʻi kikokiko e hōʻike ana i kekahi mau pilikia i hiki ke lilo i kumuhana o kahi "keʻena o ka vegetarianism":

Keena o ka mea kanu

1). Moʻolelo o ka vegetarianism.

2). ʻO ka Vegetarianism ma ke ʻano he aʻo pono.

ʻO ka mana o ka vegetarianism i ke kino o ke kanaka: naʻau, gland, ate, digestion, nā puʻupaʻa, nā ʻiʻo, nā aʻalolo, nā iwi. A me ke ano o ke koko. / Haʻawina e nā hoʻokolohua a me ka noiʻi keʻena hoʻokolohua.

ʻO ka mana o ka vegetarianism ma ka psyche: hoʻomanaʻo, nānā, hiki ke hana, ʻano, ʻano, aloha, inaina, huhū, makemake, hoʻomanawanui.

No ka hopena o ka meaʻai moa i ke kino.

E pili ana i ka mana o ka RAW FOOD ON THE ORGANISM.

ʻO ka Vegetarianism ke ʻano o ke ola.

Vegetarianism ma ke ʻano he pale ʻana i nā maʻi.

Vegetarianism ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻōla i nā maʻi.

ʻO ka hopena o ka vegetarianism i nā maʻi: ka maʻi kanesa, ka waiʻona, ka maʻi noʻonoʻo, ka momona, neurasthenia, epilepsy, etc.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa me nā mana ho'ōla o ke ʻano, ʻo ia ke kākoʻo nui o ka vegetarianism: māmā, ea, lā, lomilomi, gymnastics, wai anuanu a me ka wela i kāna mau noi āpau.

ʻO ka lapaʻau ʻana o Schroth.

Lapaʻau hoʻokē ʻai.

Lapaʻau nahu (Horace Fletcher).

Meaʻai maka (Bircher-Benner).

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi e like me nā ʻano hou o ka vegetarianism (Carton).

E ʻimi ana i ka Manaʻo o Pascoe.

Nānā iā Hindhede a me kāna ʻōnaehana meaʻai.

Lamana.

Kneip.

GLUNIKE [Glunicke)]

HAIG a me nā kukui ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika.

Ke ʻimi nei i nā mea hana o kahi sanatorium ma ke Komohana.

ʻO ke aʻo ʻana i ka hopena o nā mea kanu i ke kino kanaka.

Hoʻomākaukau i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā.

ʻO ka hui ʻana o ka poʻe hoʻōla o nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻO ka noiʻi ʻepekema o nā lāʻau lapaʻau: ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa me ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻili birch, rheumatism me nā lau birch, nā ʻōpuʻu me ka horsetail, etc., etc.

ʻO ke aʻo ʻana i nā palapala haole e pili ana i ka vegetarianism.

Ma ka hoʻomākaukau kūpono o nā meaʻai e mālama i nā paʻakai mineral.

ʻO nā huakaʻi ʻoihana o nā kauka ʻōpio ma waho e aʻo i nā ʻano hou o ka vegetarianism.

ʻO ka mea hana o nā pūʻali lele no ka hoʻolaha i ka lehulehu o nā manaʻo meaʻai.

Ka hopena o ka meaʻai ʻiʻo: nā mea ʻawaʻawa cadaveric.

No ka lawe ʻana [sic] o nā maʻi like ʻole i ke kanaka ma o ka ʻai holoholona.

Ma ka hopena o ka waiū mai ka bipi huhū i ke kanaka.

ʻO ka makaʻu a me ka ʻai pono ʻole ma muli o ka hopena pololei o ia waiū.

Ka nānā 'ana a me ka ho'oholo 'ana i ka waiwai waiwai o nā mea'ai mea'ai like 'ole.

E pili ana i nā kīʻaha, maʻalahi a ʻaʻole i peele.

E pili ana i ka lohi o ka make ʻana o ka ʻuhane ma ke ʻano he hopena pololei o ka ʻona me nā mea make cadaveric.

No ke alahouana o ke ola uhane ma ka hookeai.

Inā ua hoʻokō ʻia kēia papahana, a laila ma St. Petersburg, i ka mea like paha, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻoihana mua o ka honua no ka vegetarianism ...

No ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Bekhterev "ka hoʻomohala ʻana o [kēia] manaʻo" - i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope, ua make ʻo Nordman a aia ke Kaua Honua Mua ma ka paepae. Akā, ʻo ke Komohana hoʻi, pono e kali a hiki i ka hopena o ke kenekulia no ka noiʻi nui ʻana i nā meaʻai mea kanu i hāʻawi ʻia i nā ʻano meaʻai meaʻai like ʻole, e kau i nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau i mua - kahi ala i lawe ʻia e Klaus Leitzmann lāua ʻo Andreas Hahn ma. kā lākou puke mai ka papahana kulanui "Unitaschenbücher".