ʻO nā haʻawina ʻohana: 10 kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike maʻamau e ʻike

I kekahi manawa, lawe ʻia lākou ma Farani, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole lākou i noho mau a ʻaʻole paha e noho mau no kēlā me kēia. ʻO nā haʻawina ʻohana he kōkua i uku ʻia i ka poʻe me nā keiki mālama, ʻokoʻa ka nui a me nā kūlana o kēlā me kēia ʻāina. Eia kahi ʻike pōkole o ka mōʻaukala o nā haʻawina ʻohana ma Farani, nā hana nui i hana ʻia mai ko lākou hana ʻana, kā lākou kālā a i ʻole kā lākou kumukūʻai. Ua lawa ʻike hou aku e pili ana i kēia mau kōkua i loaʻa iā mākou i kēlā me kēia mahina, a no ke aha ʻaʻole, e ʻālohilohi me kou ʻike ma ka ʻaina aperitif hou me nā mākua!

Ua hānau ʻia ke kupuna o nā haʻawina ʻohana ma kahi o 1916

Ma Farani i ka makahiki 1916, ua hana kekahi enekinia i kapa ʻia ʻo Emile Romanet, he Katolika ikaika hoʻi, i ka hoʻokolokolo ma waena o nā limahana ma kāna hale hana ma Grenoble. Hoʻomaopopo ʻo ia i kēlā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻohana, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka loaʻa kālā. Manaʻo ʻo ia i ka makemake o nā mea hana e hāʻawi i ke kōkua i kā lākou poʻe limahana, ua hōʻoia ʻo ia i kāna luna, ʻo Joanny Joya, e hoʻolauna i kahi "bonus no nā kuleana ʻohana", i helu ʻia e like me ka helu o nā keiki i kēlā me kēia hale. Hānau ʻia ke kupuna o nā haʻawina ʻohana. Ke kali nei i nā koi o nā limahana ma nā hale hana kokoke, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo Emile Romanet i nā luna o nā ʻoihana kūloko e hoʻonohonoho iā lākou iho e pale aku i nā hahau. ʻElima mau mea hana hana i hana ʻia ma ʻApelila 29, 1918 i kahi waihona kālā, ʻo ka lua o kēia ʻano i ʻike ʻia ma Farani, ʻo ka mea mua i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki hoʻokahi ma Lorient, Brittany.

Ua kau ʻia ke kānāwai mua i ka makahiki 1932

I ka makahiki 1928 a me 1930, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ke kānāwai e pili ana i ka ʻinikua pili i ka maʻi, ka ʻelemakule a me ke kīnā ʻole. A laila, i ka makahiki 1932, ʻO ke kānāwai Landry e hoʻonui i nā haʻawina ʻohana no nā limahana āpau ma ka ʻoihana a me ke kālepa, ma ke koi 'ana i ka poe hana ke komo i ka waihona uku. Akā, ua kaupalena ʻia ke komo ʻana o ka mokuʻāina, a ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā haʻawina mai kekahi ʻoihana a i kekahi. ʻAʻole i lawe ka mokuʻāina i nā haʻawina ʻohana a hiki i 1945, me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o Social Security.

ʻO kahi ana i hoʻopili ʻia i ka emi ʻana o ka helu hānau

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā Katolika, ʻoi aku ka pololei e kahi neʻe Kalikiano-kaiāulu, ʻike ʻia nā haʻawina ʻohana i ka makahiki 1930 e like me he ala e uku ai i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka helu hānau ʻike ʻia ma Farani ma hope o ke Kaua Nui. Uaʻikeʻo Farani i ka nui o ka make nui, a me ka helu haʻahaʻa o ka hānauʻana, i hoʻonohoʻia i ka huelo oʻEulopa e pili ana i ka uluʻana o ka heluna kanaka. E paipai i ka Farani e hanau keiki No laila he mea koʻikoʻi ia e hoʻohuli i kēia ʻano hopohopo, e pili pū ana he kulekele ʻohana maikaʻi.

ʻO nā kūlana loaʻa kālā no nā alana wale nō mai ka 2015

A hiki i 2015, ka nui o nā haʻawina ʻohana i loaʻa e nā mākua ʻaʻole i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e like me nā kumuwaiwai o ka home. ʻIke loa, ua loaʻa i kahi ʻohana o nā luna hoʻokō a i ʻole nā ​​mea hana ʻelua me nā keiki ʻelua i nā kālā like ʻoiai ʻaʻole like lākou i nā uku like ʻole.

I ka makahiki 1996, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Alain Juppé, ke Kuhina Nui ma lalo o ka pelekikena o Jacques Chirac, i kahi pōhaku paving i loko o ka loko iʻa ma ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana. nā alana ʻohana i hoʻāʻo ʻia, me ka lanakila ole. Ua puka hou ka manaʻo o ia ʻano i ka makahiki 1997 me Lionel Jospin, akā hou, ʻaʻole e hoʻohana ʻia kēia ana, no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka quotient ʻohana.

ʻAʻole a hiki i 2014, ma lalo o François Hollande, e hoʻihoʻi ʻia nā haʻawina ʻohana i hoʻāʻo ʻia ma ka papa, e ʻae ʻia ma Iulai 15, 2015. Mai kēia lā, e ʻoki ʻia nā haʻawina ʻohana no nā mākua o nā keiki ʻelua e loaʻa ana ma mua o 6 euros i kēlā me kēia mahina (64 euro ma kahi o 129), a e ʻehā no ka poʻe e loaʻa ana ma mua o 8 euros i kēlā me kēia mahina (32 euros ma kahi o 129), e hoʻonui ʻia ke kaupaku kālā e 500 euros no ke keiki hou.

ʻO ka lālā ʻohana o ka Social Security: ma kahi o 500 miliona euros i ka deficit

ʻAʻole kēia he scoop: ke piʻi nei ka deficit Social Security ma Farani, ʻoiai ke hoʻāʻo nei kēlā me kēia aupuni hope i nā makahiki he mau makahiki e hōʻemi. Wahi a ka ʻikepili mai ka Social Security Accounts Commission, ʻo ka deficit o ka hope ma kahi o 4,4 billion euros ma 2017. Akā lʻO ka lālā ʻohana o Social Security, ʻo ia hoʻi nā haʻawina ʻohana, ʻaʻole ia ka mea nui loa.

Wahi a ka ʻike i kēlā me kēia lā Le Monde, e hele ka lālāʻohana "i ka'ōmaʻomaʻo" no ka manawa mua mai ka makahiki 2007, i ka 500 miliona euros ma 2017 e kū'ē i kahi hemahema o hoʻokahi piliona kālā ma 2016. ʻO ka lālāʻohana o Social Security heʻoiaʻiʻo. aia no ka hemahema, aka, emi mai na lala e ae e like me nā pōʻino ma ka hana (800 miliona euros), a me ka ʻelemakule (1,5 billion euros).

Ua maikaʻi ʻo Farani i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kekahi mau hoalauna ʻEulopa

Inā makemake mākou i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā haʻawina ʻohana a i ʻole, makemake mākou e ʻike i ka hōʻemi ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hōʻole i ka maikaʻi o Farani ma ke ʻano o nā kulekele ʻohana. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā huina ma Kelemania a me kekahi mau ʻāina Scandinavian, ua hoʻokō nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e like me Italia, Sepania a i ʻole United Kingdom. kaohi loaʻa kālā. A ma waena o kekahi mau hoalauna ʻEulopa, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui e like me ka nui o nā keiki ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o Farani, ʻoiai me mākou ʻAʻole hāʻawi ke keiki mua i ke kuleana i kekahi haʻawina. Inā mākou e hui pū i nā kōkua ʻohana a pau i loaʻa ma Farani (haʻalele makua, haʻawina ʻohana, haʻalele makuahine, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kulekele ʻohana. Hōʻike pū ʻo Farani ʻO kekahi o nā helu hana wahine kiʻekiʻe loa ma ʻEulopa, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hānau ʻana ma mua o ka hapa nui o kona mau hoalauna, ma ka hapa liʻiliʻi ma muli o ke kōkua i hāʻawi ʻia i nā ʻohana.

ʻO ka waihona ʻohana, he lima kōkua no ke keiki ʻekolu

Ma ka aina nui o Farani, ka pākuʻi ʻohana (CF) i manaʻo ʻia no nā ʻohana me ʻekolu mau keiki hilinaʻi ma lalo o 3 mau makahiki. Hoʻololi ka waihona ʻohana i ka haʻawina uku hoʻokahi, ka haʻawina makuahine noho home a me ka haʻawina mālama keiki.

I Kekemapa 2016, ua uku ʻia i nā ʻohana 826, ʻo ka hapaha o lākou he ʻohana makua hoʻokahi. ʻO ka nui o ka € 600, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i ka € 170,71 no nā ʻohana ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa kālā.

2014: he ana no ka haʻalele makua e hāpai i ke kaulike kāne

Ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka bila e pili ana i ke kaulike kāne kāne i alakaʻi ʻia e Ms. Najat Vallaud-Belkacem, a laila Kuhina o nā Pono Wahine ma lalo o ka pelekikena o François Hollande, ua lawe ʻia kahi hoʻoponopono nui o ka haʻalele makua, a ua komo i loko o ka ikaika ma Iulai 2014. ʻO kēia lā, hiki i nā mākua o hoʻokahi keiki, a hiki i ia manawa ke kuleana i 6 mahina hoʻomaha, hiki ke lawe ʻeono mahina ʻē aʻe inā hoʻomaha ka makua ʻē aʻe. ʻIke ʻia, hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka haʻalele i 12 mau mahina ke hāʻawi like ʻia kēia manawa ma waena o nā mākua ʻelua. Mai ka lua o ke keiki, noho mau ka haʻalele makua no ka lōʻihi o ʻekolu makahiki, akā e uku wale ʻia ke kōkua CAF a hiki i ka makahiki 3 o ke keiki inā e kaʻana like ia ma waena o nā mākua ʻelua: 24 mau mahina no ka makua hoʻokahi a me 12 mahina no ka makua e ae, ma ke ano he hapa o ka Pōmaikaʻi hoʻonaʻauao keiki (PreParE). ʻO ka pahuhopu: e paipai i nā makua kāne e lawe i ka hoʻomaha makua no ka mālama ʻana i kā lākou pēpē hānau hou.

A hiki i ka hopena o ke ao holoʻokoʻa o nā haʻawina ʻohana?

He nīnau kēia e piʻi mau nei ma ka papaʻaina, ʻoiai ke ʻano kālaiʻāina o nā aupuni like ʻole. A hiki i kēia manawa, inā he nui nā haʻawina ʻohana e pili ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka loaʻa kālā o nā ʻohana, e noho mau lākou ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa: ʻO nā mākua Farani a pau, ʻo wai lākou, e loaʻa nā haʻawina ʻohana, ʻoiai inā ʻokoʻa ka nui e like me ko lākou pae kālā.

I ka manawa e pono ai e ʻimi i nā ala e hōʻemi ai i ka deficit Social Security, ʻo ka universality o nā haʻawina ʻohana e hāpai i nā nīnau. Pono anei ka ʻohana me ka loaʻa kālā o kēlā me kēia mahina ma luna o 10 euros i kahi lima kōkua o kahi mau kakini wale nō e hānai i kā lākou mau keiki?

Ma Malaki 2018, ʻo Guillaume Chiche, hope LREM no Deux-Sèvres, me ka hui pū ʻana me ka hope LR no Ille-et-Vilaine Gilles Lurton, e hoʻouna i kahi hōʻike e pili ana i nā manaʻo e pili ana i nā kulekele ʻohana Farani. Akā inā i hana ʻia (ua paʻakikī nā ʻelele i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka manaʻo like), ʻaʻole nui ka walaʻau ʻana o kā lākou mau manaʻo no kēia manawa a ʻaʻole nō i hoʻokumu i kahi bila.

ʻO wai ka mea nāna e mālama i nā haʻawina ʻohana?

Ma 2016, 84,3 billion euros i uku ʻia e ka Family Allowance Funds (Caf) a me ka Central Agricultural Social Mutual Funds (Ccmsa) ma ke ʻano o nā pono kānāwai. Aia i loko o kēia pūʻulu kālā ʻekolu mau ʻāpana: nā pōmaikaʻi e pili ana i ke alo o kahi keiki, nā pōmaikaʻi hale, nā pōmaikaʻi e pili ana i ka lōkahi a me ke kākoʻo no ka hana. E pili ana i nā haʻawina ʻohana, ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia mau mea i kālā ʻia e nā hāʻawi kālā i uku ʻia e nā mea hana, a hiki i ka 5,25% a i ʻole 3,45% ma muli o ka ʻoihana. ʻO ke koena mai ka CSG (ʻo ia hoʻi ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka lehulehu, i ʻauhau ʻia ma nā pepa uku) a me nā ʻauhau. Maikaʻi, hoʻolilo liʻiliʻi kēlā me kēia Farani ikaika i nā haʻawina ʻohana.

kumu:

• https://www.caf.fr/sites/default/files/cnaf/Documents/Dser/essentiel/Essentiel_depensesPresta_ESSENTIEL.pdf
• https://www.urssaf.fr/portail/home/employeur/calculer-les-cotisations/les-taux-de-cotisations/la-cotisation-dallocations-famil.html
• http://www.vie-publique.fr/decouverte-institutions/protection-sociale/politique-familiale/comment-branche-famille-securite-sociale-est-elle-financee.html
• http://www.vie-publique.fr/politiques-publiques/famille/chronologie/
• http://www.slate.fr/story/137699/emile-romanet-inventa-allocations-familiales