Ka manaʻo kāne kāne: hoʻopau i nā manaʻo i manaʻo ʻia

ʻO ka paʻi hope loa o ka Manif pour Tous i ka lā Sābati Pepeluali 2 ua lilo ia i hoʻokahi o kāna mau lio kaua: ʻAʻole i ka manaʻo wahine. I kekahi mau lā ma mua, ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o ka "Day of withdrawal from school" ka mea i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohālua ʻia kēia manaʻo kāne kāne ma hope o ka hāmeʻa "ʻo ka ABCD o ke kaulike". Hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Anne-Emmanuelle Berger, loea i ka hana ma ke kāne, ʻaʻohe manaʻo akā noiʻi i kēia mau nīnau. Ma luna aʻe o nā mea a pau, hoʻoikaika ʻo ia ʻaʻole i manaʻo kēia noiʻi i ka manaʻo ʻole i ka moe kolohe akā ʻo ka loulou ma waena o ka moe kolohe a me nā stereotypes kaiapili.

- Hiki iā mākou ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka manaʻo wahine a i ʻole e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā haʻawina kāne?

ʻAʻohe mea e like me ke kumumanaʻo. Aia kahi kahua interdisciplinary nui o ka noiʻi ʻepekema, nā haʻawina kāne, i wehe ʻia i 40 mau makahiki i hala ma ke kulanui ma ke Komohana, a mai ka biology a hiki i ka philosophy ma o anthropology, sociology, mōʻaukala, psychology, politika ʻepekema, palapala, kānāwai a me nā mea hou aku. . I kēia lā, loaʻa nā haʻawina kāne kāne ma nā kula āpau. ʻO nā hana a pau i hanaʻia ma kēia kahua,ʻaʻole ia i manaʻoʻia i ka hāʻawiʻana i nā "theories",ʻo ia hoʻi ka liʻiliʻi o A theory, akā i ka hoʻonuiʻana i kaʻike a me ka weheweheʻana i ka māhele kaiaulu o ka wahine a me ke kāne, o ka pilina ma waena o nā kāne a me nā wāhine, a o ko laua pilina. ka hana like ʻole, ma waena o nā hui, nā ʻoihana, nā au, nā haʻiʻōlelo a me nā kikokikona. Ua ʻike mākou he mea maʻamau, no kahi kokoke i hoʻokahi haneli a me ka hapa, e hana i ka mōʻaukala o nā papa kaiaulu, ko lākou kumukānāwai, ko lākou hakakā ʻana, ko lākou hoʻololi ʻana. Pēlā nō, kūpono a pono no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ao nei ʻo ka pilina ma waena o nā wahine a me nā kāne i kēlā me kēia manawa a me nā moʻomeheu ke kumuhana o ka noiʻi ʻepekema.

- He aha nā pilikia e pili ana i kēia hana?

He kahua hoʻokolokolo ākea loa. Hoʻomaka mākou mai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma waena o nā ʻano olaola e pili ana i ka wahine (chromosomes, gonads, hormones, anatomy) a me nā kuleana pilikanaka, ʻaʻohe pili pono. ʻAʻohe hiʻohiʻona hormonal, ʻaʻohe mahele o nā chromosomes e hāʻawi i nā wahine i nā hana home a me nā kāne i ka hoʻokele o ka lehulehu.  No laila, no ka laʻana, i loko o nā haʻawina kāne, ke aʻo nei mākou i ka mōʻaukala o ka māhele ma waena o ka politika a me ka home spheres, kāna theorization e Aristotle, ke ala i hōʻailona ai i ka mōʻaukala politika Western, inā ʻaʻole honua, a me nā hopena pili. no na wahine a me na kane. ʻO nā mea kākau moʻolelo, nā akeakamai, nā ʻepekema politika, nā anthropologists e hana pū i kēia nīnau, hoʻohui i kā lākou ʻikepili a me kā lākou loiloi. Pēlā nō, ʻaʻohe pili pono ma waena o ka moe kolohe a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi ʻano wahine a kāne paha, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia i kekahi mau hihia. Ua kapa ʻia kēlā me kēia kanaka i nā ʻano "wahine" a me "kāne", ma nā ʻano like ʻole. Hiki i ka Psychology ke ʻōlelo i nā mea e pili ana i ia mea a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoihoi ka psychoanalysis i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka wahine a me ke kāne i ka pili aloha a me ke aloha no hoʻokahi haneli.

ʻO kekahi lā i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia neʻe ʻana i kā Simone De Beauvoir "ʻaʻole i hānau ʻia he wahine, lilo kekahi i hoʻokahi". Pehea kou manaʻo?

He kuleana hoʻomaka ʻo Simone de Beauvoir's Second Sex i ka wehe ʻana i kēia kahua aʻo ma Farani a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Akā, ʻaʻole maoli maoli ka manaʻo o Simone de Beauvoir (ʻike mākou i nā ʻano like ʻole ma Freud mai ka XNUMXs), ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia i loko o nā haʻawina kāne, e like me nā ʻano ʻepekema, ʻaʻole like, a ua hoʻokumu i kahi i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa kūloko. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o kēia ʻōlelo ma waho o kona pōʻaiapili. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻo Beauvoir, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i hānau ʻia kekahi "female", a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā loiloi lōʻihi i nā ʻano biological a anatomical o ke kino o ka wahine. ʻO kāna mea i ʻōlelo ai, ʻaʻole wehewehe a hōʻoia paha kēia mau ʻano olaola i nā like ʻole o ka mālama ʻana i nā wahine. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā hoʻāʻo mua e hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka wahine ola a me ke kāne he 60 mau makahiki. ʻO lākou nā kauka ʻAmelika e hana ana i nā hanana o ka hermaphroditism (ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hānau ʻia ʻana me nā hiʻohiʻona wahine o nā kāne ʻelua) a me ka transsexualism (ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hānau ʻana he kāne a wahine paha akā e noho ana ma ke ʻano o ke kāne i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka wahine hānau) hāʻawi i nā theorizations mua ma kēia kahua. ʻAʻole kipi kēia mau kauka a ʻaʻole hoʻi he wahine. Ua hoʻomaka lākou mai ka ʻike lapaʻau ʻaʻole pono he coincidence ma waena o ke kāne a me ke kāne i loko o ke kanaka. Hana mākou a pau i ka hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o ka wahine a me ke kāne ma ke ʻano maʻamau a me ka ʻike ʻole. Ke ʻōlelo nei mākou no ke kaikamahine e hana ʻo ia i ke ʻano a me ka mahalo e like me ke keikikāne, a ʻo ka hope, ʻike maopopo mākou i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke kāne o kēia kanaka a me kona ʻano ʻano. Hōʻike kēia mau mea a pau i ka postulate o ka coincidence ma waena o ke kāne a me ke kāne, a i ʻole ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā kāne male i ʻelua mau kāne, ʻaʻole lawa ia no ka paʻakikī o ke kanaka. Ma kahi e hāʻawi ai ka manaʻo ʻike ʻole i nā pane maʻalahi a kaupalena ʻia, hāʻawi ka haʻawina kāne kāne i nā ʻano paʻakikī a pololei o kēia mau ʻano. ʻO ke kuleana o ka ʻepekema ʻaʻole e hana hou i ka manaʻo.

Aia nā mea noiʻi e wehewehe ana he pilikanaka wale nō ka ʻike kāne kāne a ke manaʻo nei mākou he ʻike kēia i ka hopena o ka hana ma ke kāne?

Aia kekahi poʻe noiʻi e nīnau i ka manaʻo ʻo ka mea a mākou e ʻōlelo pinepine ai he "sex" kahi ʻāpana i hoʻokumu ʻia ma nā pae physiological wale nō. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou no nā "kāne ʻelua" e koho i nā wahine a me nā kāne, hana mākou me he mea lā ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa nā kānaka iā lākou iho i kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona a ke manaʻo nei mākou i kēia mau ʻano i loaʻa maoli i nā ʻano socio-cultural. . Kūʻē i nā hopena a me nā hoʻohana socio-political o kēia hōʻemi hōʻino e hana nei nā mea noiʻi. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei lākou ʻo ka mea a mākou i kapa ai he "ʻokoʻa wahine" pinepine mai nā ʻokoʻa i kumu ʻole i ka biology. A ʻo ia kā lākou e ʻōlelo kūʻē nei. ʻAʻole pono ka manaʻo e hōʻole i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa a i ʻole physiological asymmetry i ka hana hou ʻana. He nīnau ia o ka hōʻike ʻana i kā mākou hoʻoholo ʻana a me kā mākou hana maʻamau i kēia mau nīnau, nā ʻokoʻa pili i ke kāne (a no laila i ke kūlana o nā wahine a me nā kāne i nā hui a me nā moʻomeheu) no nā ʻokoʻa kūlohelohe.. ʻO kēia mau ʻokoʻa kāne ka makemake o kekahi poʻe noiʻi e ʻike nalo. Akā ola ke kūkākūkā, i loko o nā haʻawina kāne, i ke ala e launa pū ai ka biology a me ka moʻomeheu i kekahi i kekahi, a i ʻole i nā hopena psychic i hana ʻia i loko o mākou e ka hopohopo i nā ʻokoʻa o ke kino, me ka ʻike hoʻi ke ʻike nei mākou i kēia lā ua maʻalahi ka biology. i ka hoololi ana.

He aha ka neurobiology i lawe mai i ka hana ma ke kāne? 

Pono, me ka hana ma ka lolo a me ka lolo plasticity, hiki iā mākou ke hōʻike, ʻo ka mea mua, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o ka lolo o nā kāne a me ka lolo o nā wahine, no laila ʻaʻole kūpono nā wahine no kēlā ʻano hana a i ʻole ia mea, a i ka 'oiaʻiʻo, no hoʻokahi haneli, no laila mai ka loaʻa ʻana o nā wahine i nā pae o ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻana, ua ʻike mākou i ka pahū ʻana o kā lākou hana ʻana ma nā ʻoihana noʻeau a me ka ʻepekema; a ma luna aʻe o nā mea a pau, ke hana nei mākou i ka hōʻike ʻana ʻaʻohe ʻano o ka lolo.  Inā hoʻololi mau ka moʻomeheu kanaka, a me lākou nā kuleana kāne, hiki i ka lolo ke loli. ʻO ka lolo e hoʻomalu i nā hopena o ke kino holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohana wale i ke ʻano o nā wahine a me nā kāne. ʻAʻole paʻa ka hope i kāna mau hiʻohiʻona a ʻaʻole i māhele paʻa ʻia i ʻelua mau kāne. ʻAʻohe manaʻo hoʻoholo biological ma kēia ʻano.  

ʻAʻole anei ʻo Vincent Peillon i kuhi hewa i ka wehewehe ʻana ʻaʻole ʻo ia i makemake i ka manaʻo kāne kāne a ʻaʻohe mea pili i ka ABCD?

ʻO ka preamble o ka Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen o 1789 e ʻōlelo nei i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka manaʻoʻiʻo, pono mākou e hōʻemi i ka naʻaupō. ʻO kēia ka mea e pili ana i ka ABCD o ke kaulike. ʻO ka ʻepekema, ʻo kēlā me kēia mea, hoʻomaka ma ka nīnau nīnau. ʻAʻole lawa ka nīnau ʻana i nā nīnau e pili ana i nā stereotypes kāne, akā he pae ia i kēlā ala. Ke lohe au i kaʻu kaikamahine, he haumāna kulanui he 14 makahiki, e kahaha i ka ʻōlelo hōʻino ʻia e nā keikikāne i loko o ka pā kula e hoʻopaʻa mau i nā makuahine ("fuck your mother" a me kāna mau ʻano) ʻaʻole loa he makua kāne, no ka laʻana, a i ʻole nā ​​kahu kula, I mea e maopopo ai ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka inoa maʻamau a me ka inoa kūpono, e noi i kā lākou mau haumāna e hāʻawi i nā inoa o nā "kānaka kaulana",  'Ōlelo wau iaʻu iho, ʻae, aia nā hana e hana ai ma ke kula, a pono ʻoe e hoʻomaka koke. ʻO Vincent Peillon, ʻo ka hewa āna i hana ai, ʻo ia ka ʻae ʻana i ka manaʻo aia "he" theory of gender, ma ka haʻi ʻana i kona kūʻē ʻana iā ia. ʻIke loa, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ʻike i ka waiwai a me nā ʻano hana ma kēia kahua.