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Hoʻopili ʻia ka whiskey Scotch me ka malt bale. ʻO nā malts hoʻokahi (nā whiskey malt hoʻokahi) aia ma luna o ka māhele premium, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea inu ma kēia ʻāpana he ʻono a me ke ʻano. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka whiskey o ka māhele waena waena he hui pū ʻia (blends), me ka hoʻohui ʻana o kahi distillate mai nā hua ʻai ʻole - baleka, palaoa a palaoa paha. I kekahi manawa, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kanu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka hana ʻana, i hui pū ʻia me kahi malt liʻiliʻi e wikiwiki ai i ka fermentation. ʻO kēia mau mea inu e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka whiskey palaoa.
He aha ka whiskey palaoa
Hana ʻia ka whiskey malt hoʻokahi mai ka bale malt. Ua haʻalele ka hapa nui o nā distilleries i ka hana kūʻokoʻa o nā hua palaoa a kūʻai aku i ka malt mai nā mea hoʻolako nui. I nā hale malting, kānana mua ʻia ka palaoa e wehe i nā mea ʻē aʻe, a laila hoʻomoʻi ʻia a waiho ʻia ma luna o kahi papahele no ka germination. I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana malting, e hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā kīʻaha germinated diastase, ka mea e hoʻolalelale i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā starch i ke kō. Hana ʻia ka distillation i loko o nā ipu keleawe e like me ke aniani. Haʻaheo nā hale hana ʻo Scottish i kā lākou mau mea hana a hoʻolaha i nā kiʻi o nā papa hana ma ka media, ʻoiai ke hana maikaʻi nei ka hui o nā hale kahiko e hoʻonui i nā kūʻai.
He ʻokoʻa ka hana ʻana o ka whiskey palaoa. ʻAʻole hoʻolaha ʻia ke ʻano o nā hale hana, no ka mea, hoʻopau ke kiʻi i nā manaʻo o ka poʻe e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana o ka whiskey. He hana mau ka distillation a hana ʻia ma nā kolamu distillation Patent Still a i ʻole Coffey Still. Lawe ʻia nā lako, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, mai ka ʻoihana. ʻO ka mahu wai, ka wort a me ka waiʻona i hana ʻia e holo i ka manawa like, no laila ke nānā aku nei ka hoʻolālā i ka nui a maikaʻi ʻole.
Hoʻohana nui nā ʻoihana Scottish i ka bale i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole ʻia, ʻaʻole pinepine i nā cereals ʻē aʻe. Hana ʻia ka palaoa me ka mahu no 3-4 mau hola e luku ai i ka pūpū a hoʻāla i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka starch. Hoʻokomo ka wort i ka mash tun me kahi liʻiliʻi o ka malt i waiwai i ka diastase, kahi e wikiwiki ai ka fermentation. I ke kaʻina o ka distillation, loaʻa ka waiʻona o ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, a hiki i 92%. He ʻuʻuku ke kumukūʻai o ka hana ʻana i ka palaoa distillate, no ka mea, hana ʻia i ka pae hoʻokahi.
Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka whiskey palaoa me ka wai puna, ninini ʻia i loko o nā barela a waiho ʻia i ka makahiki. ʻO 3 makahiki ka palena iki. I kēia manawa, nalowale nā memo paʻakikī mai ka waiʻona, a lilo ia i mea kūpono no ka hui ʻana.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka Grain Whiskey me ka vodka, akā ʻaʻole pololei kēia. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i ka Barley distillate ka ʻono a me ka ʻala e like me nā ʻuhane malt hoʻokahi o ka whiskey maoli, akā he ʻano ʻano ʻano, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka vodka maʻamau.
Paʻakikī me nā huaʻōlelo
Ua hana ʻia ka mea hoʻoheheʻe hoʻomau e ka mea hana waina ʻo Aeneas Coffey i ka makahiki 1831 a ua hoʻohana ikaika ʻo ia i kāna mea kanu Aeneas Coffey Whiskey. Hoʻohana koke nā mea hana i nā mea hana hou, no ka mea ua hoʻemi ʻia ke kumukūʻai o ka distillation i nā manawa he nui. ʻAʻole i hoʻoholo ʻia ka wahi o ka ʻoihana, no laila aia nā mea kanu hou ma kahi kokoke i nā awa a me nā hub kaʻa nui, e hōʻemi ana i nā kumukūʻai logistic.
I ka makahiki 1905, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Islington London Borough Council i kahi ʻōlelo hoʻoholo e pāpā ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka inoa "whiskey" no nā mea inu i hana ʻia mai ka bale bale ʻole. Mahalo i nā pilina ma ke aupuni, ua hiki i kahi hui ʻona nui ʻo DCL (ʻo Diageo i kēia manawa) ke lobby no ka hāpai ʻana i nā mea paʻa. Ua hoʻoholo ke Komisina Aliʻi e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "whiskey" e pili ana i nā mea inu i hana ʻia ma nā distilleries o ka ʻāina. ʻAʻole i noʻonoʻo ʻia nā mea maka, ke ʻano distillation a me ka wā kahiko.
Ua hoʻolaha ʻia ka whiskey Scotch a me Irish i nā inoa kālepa e nā poʻe loio, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ka manaʻo o nā mea hana. E pili ana i nā distillates malt hoʻokahi, ua ʻōlelo nā luna kānāwai e hoʻohana i ka huaʻōlelo single malt whisky. Ua ʻae ʻia ka palapala i ka makahiki 1909, a no nā makahiki he haneli e hiki mai ana, ʻaʻohe mea i koi aku i nā mea hana Scottish e hōʻike i ke ʻano o kā lākou mea inu.
Ua lilo ʻo Aged grain distillate i kumu o ka hui ʻana, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo blended whisky. Ua hui pū ʻia ka ʻawaʻawa ʻala liʻiliʻi me ka whiskey malt hoʻokahi, i hāʻawi i ke ʻano inu, ʻono a me ke ʻano.
Ua loaʻa i nā ʻano like ʻole i kā lākou niche i ka mākeke no nā kumu he nui, e like me:
- kumu kūʻai kumukūʻai;
- i koho maikaʻi ʻia;
- ʻo ka ʻono like ʻole e loli ʻole ma muli o ka pūʻulu.
Eia naʻe, e hoʻomaka ana i nā makahiki 1960, ua hoʻomaka ka kaulana o nā malts hoʻokahi e hoʻonui nui. I ka wā lōʻihi, ua ulu nui ka noi a ua hoʻomaka nā distilleries e haʻalele i kā lākou hana ponoʻī o ka malt, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokō i ka nui.
Ua lawe ʻia ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea maka e nā hale malt ʻoihana, nāna i lawe i ka hoʻolako kikowaena o ka barley germinated. I ka manawa like, ua emi ka noi no nā huila.
I kēia lā, ʻehiku wale nō ʻo Grain Whiskey distilleries i koe ma Scotland, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli mau ʻoihana ma ka ʻāina e hana i ka malt hoʻokahi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hōʻailona ʻana i ka USA
Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka pilikia o ka terminology i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia XNUMX. Ma ka ʻākau o ka ʻāina, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka whiskey mai ka rai, a ma ka hema - mai ka palaoa. ʻO ke ʻano o nā mea maka i alakaʻi i ka huikau me ka lepili ʻana i ka waiʻona.
Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Pelekikena William Howard Taft i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka Whiskey Decision i ka makahiki 1909. Ua ʻōlelo ka palapala i hana ʻia ka whiskey palaoa (bourbon) mai nā mea maka, kahi 51% he kulina. Wahi a ke kānāwai hoʻokahi, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka distillate rye mai nā cereals, kahi o ka hapa o ka rai ma kahi o 51%.
Hoailona hou
I ka makahiki 2009, ua ʻae ka Scotch Whiskey Association i kahi hoʻoponopono hou e hoʻopau i ka huikau me nā inoa inu.
Ua koi ka palapala i nā mea hana e lepili i nā huahana ma muli o nā mea maka i hoʻohana ʻia a hoʻokaʻawale i ka whiskey i ʻelima mau ʻāpana:
- ka palaoa piha (single grain);
- palaoa hui ʻia (blended grain);
- hoʻokahi malt (single malt);
- malt huikau (blended malt);
- whiskey hui ʻia (blended Scotch).
Ua hopu ʻia nā mea hoʻololi i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana. Ua koi ʻia kekahi mau ʻoihana e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hui ʻana i nā molts hoʻokahi e kapa i kā lākou whisky i hui pū ʻia, a ua loaʻa i nā ʻuhane kīʻaha ke kuleana e kapa ʻia ʻo ka palaoa hoʻokahi.
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻōlelo hoʻohewa nui loa o ke kānāwai hou, ʻo ka mea nona ka pahu Compass Box John Glaser i ʻike i ka hui, i kona makemake e lawe mai i ka ʻike o nā mea kūʻai aku e pili ana i ke ʻano o nā mea inu ʻawaʻawa, ua hoʻokō pololei i nā hopena like ʻole. Wahi a ka mea hana waina, i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe kūʻai aku, pili ka huaʻōlelo hoʻokahi me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, a hui pū ʻia me ka waiʻona liʻiliʻi. Ua hoʻokō ʻia ka wānana a Glaser e pili ana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka hoihoi i ka whiskey palaoa. Ma ka pili ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kānāwai, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka hana ʻana o Single Grain Whiskey, a ua ʻike ʻia nā huahana me ka wā ʻelemakule i ka laulā o nā ʻoihana kaulana.
ʻO nā brands kaulana o ka whiskey palaoa
ʻO nā brand kaulana loa:
- Cameron Brig;
- Loch Lomond Single Grain;
- Teeling Irish Whiskey Single Grain;
- Borders Single Grain Scotch Whisky.
ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka whiskey palaoa i haku i ka ʻoihana St. Petersburg "Ladoga", ka mea e hana ai i ka Whiskey a Fowler ma muli o kahi distillate mai kahi hui ʻana o ka palaoa, ka bale, ke kulina a me ka rai. Ua lanakila ka mea inu ʻelima makahiki i mekala kālā ma The World Whiskey Masters 2020. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā Whiskey Grain i kahi ʻāpana ʻokoʻa i nā hoʻokūkū honua.
Pehea e inu ai i ka whiskey palaoa
Ma nā mea hoʻolaha hoʻolaha, hoʻoikaika nā mea hana i ke ʻano palupalu a māmā o ka whiskey palaoa, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka wā kahiko ma ex-bourbon, port, sherry a me Cabernet Sauvignon casks. Eia naʻe, hoʻohana wale ʻia ka hapa nui o nā huahana ma ke ʻano he kumu no ka hui ʻana, a ʻo ka ʻono ʻana i ia mau ʻuhane ʻaʻole ia e lawe mai i kahi leʻaleʻa iki. ʻO nā whiskey monograin kahiko he mea laʻa wale nō, ʻoiai ua hoʻolaha hou nā mea kaulana kaulana i nā huahana kūpono i kēia māhele ma ka mākeke.
Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe aloha ʻaʻole maikaʻi ʻole ka whiskey palaoa maikaʻi i kona ʻano maʻemaʻe, ʻoiai ke paipai ʻia nei e inu me ka hau a i ʻole e hui pū me ka soda a i ʻole ginger lemonade.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka whiskey palaoa i loko o ka cocktails me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka cola, lemon a i ʻole ka wai hua waina. ʻO ia, kahi i koi ʻole ʻia ai nā memo kūikawā o ka ʻala a me ka ʻono.
ʻAʻohe ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha i loko o ka whiskey palaoa organoleptic. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻolaha ʻana, loaʻa iā lākou nā hua, almond, meli a me nā leo lāʻau.
