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Ke ulu nei ʻo Shiitake
ʻO ka wehewehe pōkole o ka fungus, nā hiʻohiʻona o kona ulu ʻana
Ma ʻEulopa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻaha shiitake ʻo Lentinus edodes. He ʻelele ia o kahi ʻohana nui o nā haʻi palaʻa ʻole, aia ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa tausani mau ʻano o nā haʻiki hiki ke ulu ʻaʻole wale i ka lāʻau palaho a make, akā i loko o kahi substrate mea kanu. He mea maʻamau ka ʻike ʻana i ka shiitake e ulu ana ma nā kumu chestnut. I Iapana, kapa ʻia ʻo chestnuts "shii", no laila ka inoa o kēia ʻaha. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke loaʻa ma nā ʻano lāʻau deciduous ʻē aʻe, incl. on hornbeam, poplar, birch, ʻoka, beech.
Ma ka nahelehele, ʻike pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano ʻano halo ma ka hikina hikina a me ka hikina o Asia, me. ma na wahi mauna o Kina, Korea a me Iapana. Ma ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika, ʻApelika a me Australia, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka shiitake hihiu. Ma ko mākou ʻāina, hiki ke loaʻa kēia ʻaha ma ka Hikina mamao.
He saprophyte mushroom ʻo Shiitake, no laila ua hoʻokumu ʻia kāna meaʻai ma luna o nā mea ola mai ka lāʻau palaho. ʻO ia ke kumu e loaʻa pinepine ai kēia haʻuki ma nā kumu kahiko a me nā kumu lāʻau maloʻo.
Ua hoʻomaikaʻi lōʻihi ka poʻe ʻAsia i nā mea ho'ōla o ka shiitake, ʻo ia ke kumu i mahi ʻia e lākou ma nā kumu lāʻau no nā kaukani makahiki.
I ka nana aku, he halo papale keia mushroom me ke kumu manoanoa pokole. Hiki i ka pāpale ke loaʻa ke anawaena a hiki i ka 20 kenimika, akā i ka hapanui o nā hihia aia ma ka laulā o 5-10 kenimika. Ke ulu nei kēia ʻano mushroom me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kino hua ʻōlelo. ʻO ke kala o ka pāpale mushroom i ka wā mua o ka ulu ʻana he ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, ʻo ke ʻano he spherical. Akā i ke kaʻina o ka oʻo ʻana, lilo ka pāpale i pālahalaha a loaʻa i kahi malu māmā.
He ʻiʻo māmā ka ʻiʻo, ʻike ʻia e kahi ʻono maikaʻi, hoʻomanaʻo iki i ka ʻono o nā halo porcini.
Ke koho ʻana a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka pae
Hiki ke hana ʻia ka mahiʻai Shiitake ma nā ʻano he nui: ākea a ikaika. I ka hihia mua, hana ʻia nā kūlana ulu i kahi kokoke i nā mea kūlohelohe, a i ka lua o nā mea kanu a i ʻole nā lāʻau lāʻau i koho ʻia no nā halo me ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā ʻano meaʻai. He kiʻekiʻe ka waiwai o ka ulu ʻana i ka shiitake, akā naʻe, makemake ka hapa nui o nā mahiʻai ʻai ʻo ʻAsia i ke ʻano nui o ka mahi ʻana o kēia mau halo. I ka manawa like, hoʻomākaukau nui nā ʻAsia i kekahi mau wahi o ka nahele no kēia, kahi e hana ai ka malu o nā kumulāʻau i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no ka ulu ʻana o ka shiitake.
ʻO ke aniau, i ʻike ʻia e nā kauwela wela a me nā hoʻoilo anuanu, ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia he mea maikaʻi no ka mahi ʻana o ia mau halo, no laila, koi ʻia ka hana ʻana o nā hale kūikawā kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻokō i ka mana o ka pae o ka haʻahaʻa a me ka mahana. ʻO ke ʻano nui e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana i nā halo ma nā kumu lāʻau deciduous, i ʻohi ʻia no kēia. ʻO ka mea kaulana loa i kēia ʻoihana he chestnuts a dwarf chestnuts, hornbeams, beeches a me nā ʻoka kūpono no kēia. I mea e ulu ai nā halo i meaʻai a olakino, pono e ʻohi ʻia nā kumu no kā lākou mahi ʻana i ka manawa e pau ai ke kahe ʻana o ke kohu i loko o nā kumulāʻau, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka punawai a i ʻole ka hopena o ka hāʻule. I kēia manawa, loaʻa i ka lāʻau ka nui o nā meaʻai. Ma mua o ke koho ʻana i ka lāʻau no ka ulu ʻana i ka shiitake, pono ʻoe e nānā pono iā ia, a hoʻolei i nā ʻōpala i hōʻino ʻia.
No ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kumu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā lāʻau sawn me ke anawaena o 10-20 centimeters. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kēlā me kēia kumu he 1-1,5 mau mika. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻōpala i koi ʻia, ua hoʻopili ʻia lākou i kahi lāʻau a uhi ʻia me ka burlap, kahi e mālama ai iā lākou mai ka maloʻo ʻana. Inā maloʻo ka lāʻau, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā lāʻau me ka wai 4-5 mau lā ma mua o ka lūlū ʻana i ka mycelium.
Hiki ke ulu ʻia ʻo Shiitake i nā lāʻau maloʻo, akā inā ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻomaka e pala. Pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe nui ʻia kēlā lāʻau i hoʻokahi pule ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i ka mycelium. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka mahiʻai ʻana ma waho a i loko o kahi lumi kūikawā kahi e mālama ai ʻoe i ka mahana e pono ai no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka shiitake.
I ka hihia mua, ʻo ka hua ʻana o nā halo e hana wale ʻia i ka wā mahana, akā i ka lua o ka hihia, hiki ke ulu i ka shiitake i loko o ka makahiki. He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo i ka wā e ulu ai nā halo i nā wahi ākea, pono lākou e pale ʻia mai ka makani a me ka lā pololei.
Eia kekahi, mai poina i ka hua shiitake wale nō inā mālama ʻia ka mahana ambient ma 13-16 degere, a me ka wai lāʻau ma 35-60%. Eia kekahi, he mea koʻikoʻi ke kukui - pono ia ma kahi o 100 lumens.
E lūlū i ka mycelium
Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ke kaʻina lūlū, pono e wili ʻia nā lua i loko o nā kumu no ka mycelium. ʻO ko lākou hohonu he 3-5 mau kenimika, a ʻo ke anawaena he 12 mm. I kēia hihia, pono e nānā ʻia ka pae ma ka pae o 20-25 cm, a ma waena o nā lālani he 5-10 cm ka liʻiliʻi.
Hoʻopili nui ʻia ka Mycelium i loko o nā lua i loaʻa. A laila ua pani ʻia ka lua me kahi plug, ʻo ke anawaena he 1-2 mm ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ke anawaena o ka lua. Hoʻopili ʻia ka pahu me ka hāmare, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā āpau i koe me ka palaki. A laila puʻunaue hou ʻia kēia mau ʻōpala i ka lāʻau a i ʻole i kahi lumi kūikawā. Hoʻokumuʻia ka uluʻana o ka mycelium e nā kumu he nui - mai ka maikaʻi o ka mycelium i nā kūlana i hanaʻia. No laila, hiki ke ulu ma luna o 6-18 mahina. ʻO ka mahana maikaʻi loa he 20-25 degere, a ʻo ka lāʻau e loaʻa i ka wai ma luna o 35%.
I ʻole e maloʻo ka puʻu lāʻau, pono e uhi ʻia mai luna mai, a i ka maloʻo ʻana, hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia. Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka mea ʻohi halo inā hoʻomaka nā kiko keʻokeʻo mai hyphae ma nā ʻāpana o nā lāʻau, a ʻaʻole kani ka leo o ka lāʻau ke paʻi. Ke hiki mai kēia manawa, pono e hoʻoinu ʻia nā lāʻau i ka wai. Inā he kau mahana ma waho, a laila pono e hana i kēia no nā hola 12-20, inā he kau anuanu - no 2-3 mau lā. ʻO kēia ka mea e hoʻonui ai i ka wai o ka lāʻau a hiki i 75%.
Ka ulu ana a me ka ohi ana
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mycelium e hoʻonui, pono e kau ʻia nā lāʻau i nā wahi i hoʻomākaukau mua ʻia. Mai luna mai, ua uhi ʻia lākou me kahi lole translucent, ma muli o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka haʻahaʻa a me ka mahana.
Ke hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻili o nā lāʻau me nā kino hua, pono e hoʻopau ʻia ka lole pale, hoʻemi ʻia ka haʻahaʻa o ka lumi i 60%.
Hiki ke hoʻomau ka hua no 1-2 mau pule.
Inā ʻike ʻia ka ʻenehana mahiʻai, hiki ke ulu ʻia nā halo mai kahi kumu i lūlū ʻia no ʻelima mau makahiki. I ka manawa like, e hua mai kēlā ʻano kumu i ka hua 2-3 mau manawa i ka makahiki. I ka pau ʻana o ka ʻohi ʻana, hoʻokomo hou ʻia nā ʻōpala i loko o ka puʻu lāʻau, a uhi ʻia me kahi lole māmā ma luna.
E mālama pono i ka emi ʻana o ka wai lāʻau i kahi pae ma lalo o 40%, a mālama pū i ka mahana o ka ea ma 16-20 degere.
Ke maloʻo iki ka lāʻau, pono e hoʻoinu hou i ka wai.