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Ke ulu nei nā Truffles
ʻO ka wehewehe pōkole o ka fungus, nā hiʻohiʻona o kona ulu ʻana
ʻO ka Truffle kahi halo marsupial. He kino hua puʻupuʻu kona, he ʻiʻo nō hoʻi, a ulu ma lalo o ka lepo ma kahi hohonu o 10-20 kenimika. Nui nā ʻano like ʻole o ka truffle. ʻO ka wahi nui o ko lākou ulu ʻana ʻo ka ululāʻau o Southern France, Northern Italy. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa kēia mau halo i our country, ko mākou ʻāina, Belarus a me Central Asia.
He saprophyte kēia halo. Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Mycorrhism e ia me nā aʻa o ka ʻoka a me ka beech, a loaʻa iā ia ka meaʻai mai nā mea kūlohelohe i ka lepo. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, he ʻano pālahalaha ʻole ke kino hua. I ka pōʻaiapili, ʻano like ka ʻuala o ia ʻano me ka ʻuala, a i ʻole ke ʻano maʻa. Aia nā veins me nā ʻāpana kala ʻole. Loaʻa i ka truffle kahi ʻeke ʻano ʻeke i loko o nā spores globular a me nā spines blunt. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole kūpono kēlā me kēia ʻano truffle no ka ʻai ʻana. ʻO nā truffles Piedmontese ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe loa. Hōʻike ʻia ko mākou ʻāina e kahi ʻano truffle - ke kauwela. No ka ʻimi ʻana i ia mau halo, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻīlio a me nā puaʻa i hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūikawā. I kekahi manawa, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kahi truffle iā ʻoe iho inā aia ma lalo o nā lau pala.
no ka mea, ʻeleʻele (hoʻoilo) truffle ʻO ke ʻano tuberous poepoe o ke kino hua, he ʻano ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa loa ka nui o ia mau truffles - mai ka wōnati a i ka ʻāpala waena. ʻO ke kino o ka hua he ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula o ka pulp, a ma hope o ka oʻo ʻana o ka haʻiki, lilo i poni-ʻeleʻele. He ʻala ikaika ko kēia mushroom a he ʻono maʻalahi.
Aia i loko o nā mea kanu nā mea kanu wale nō, akā i nā holoholona pū kekahi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ka pākēneka pololei o kekahi mau mea, no ka mea, ʻaʻole paʻa a pili i nā ʻano like ʻole. No laila, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka pakeneka o nā mea holoholona i loko o nā halo, lilo lākou i mea make.
Ke koho ʻana a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka pae
Hoʻoulu pinepine ʻia nā truffle ʻeleʻele i loko o nā ulu lāʻau me nā ʻoka, nā hornbeams, nā nati a me nā beeches. Ma nā aʻa wale nō o kēia mau lāʻau e hiki ai i ka fungus ke hana i ka mycorism. Ua ʻae ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ulu lāʻau maoli a i kanu ʻia paha. Eia kekahi, pono nā truffles i kahi mahana wela e ulu ai, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻae i nā hau nui a i ʻole nā wela wela. No laila, ʻo ke aniau me nā hoʻoilo haʻahaʻa a me nā kau anuanu, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa he kūpono ia no ka mahi truffle. Pono e hoʻomanaʻo e hiki ke ulu wale ka truffle i ka lepo calcareous, pono e hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi ʻia a loaʻa kahi hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi o nā meaʻai.
I ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o kēia mau halo, waiho ʻia nā mea kanu kūikawā, a hoʻohui ʻia ka lepo i ka lepo, kahi ʻano o ka noho maoli o nā truffles.
He mea nui hoʻi ke koho ʻana i kahi no nā lāʻau, no ka mea, ʻaʻole pono lākou e ʻike i nā hanana ʻino. Eia kekahi, pono e ulu aʻe kēlā mau lāʻau mai nā kumu lāʻau ʻē aʻe, a ʻaʻole pono e loaʻa nā holoholona like ʻole iā lākou. He mea nui hoʻi e nānā i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka acidity lepo. Ma ka home, hana ʻia e like me kēia - waiho ʻia kahi ʻāpana lepo i loko o kahi pahu, a laila hoʻohui ʻia ka vīnega keʻokeʻo ma laila. Inā hoʻokuʻu iki ka hui ʻana, a laila ʻaʻole e ulu ka truffle i ia lepo, pono e hoʻonui i ka pae o ka alkalinity. No kēia kumu, hoʻohui ʻia ka lime i ka lepo. A ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i nā kumulāʻau.
E lūlū i ka mycelium
Pono e lawe ʻia ka mycelium me ka honua, i lawe ʻia mai nā wahi kūlohelohe o ka truffle. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ʻeli ʻia kahi mycelium i kahi hohonu o 10-15 kenimika, a waiho ʻia ma kahi kokoke i nā kumulāʻau. Eia kekahi, hiki iā ʻoe ke uhaʻi i kahi ʻala piha piha a hoʻopuehu kokoke i nā aʻa o nā kumulāʻau. I kēia lā, aia nā hua hazel no ke kūʻai aku, kahi i hoʻopili ʻia ai nā spores truffle. Hoʻopili ʻia ka mea ʻohi ʻohi i ka hopena o ke kauwela a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā hāʻule.
Ka ulu ana a me ka ohi ana
ʻO ka mālama nui i ka wā e ulu ana i nā truffles e hoʻomākaukau i ka pūnaewele no ko lākou ulu ʻana. Ma ka honua, ʻaʻole pono nā kumu lāʻau like ʻole, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā halo ʻē aʻe. E nānā pono ʻoe i ʻole e hehi kekahi i kēia ʻāpana ʻāina. Pono ka ʻohi mua ʻana i 5-7 mau makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hua ʻana ma kahi o 25-30 mau makahiki. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, aia nā kino hua truffle i nā pūnana o 3-7 mau ʻāpana. Ma hope o ka oʻo ʻana, piʻi iki ka lepo ma luna o lākou, a maloʻo ka mauʻu. Inā ʻike ʻia kēlā hōʻailona, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomau i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻohi. I ka nui o nā hihia, ʻoʻo nā truffles i ka hāʻule a ʻohi ʻia ma mua o ka hoʻoilo. Pono e wahī ʻia kēlā me kēia mushroom i loko o ka palaka a waiho ʻia i loko o ka laiki maloʻo. Mālama kēia i ka wai i loko o nā halo. Pono ʻoe e hōʻole e hoʻomaʻemaʻe loa iā lākou mai ka lepo, no ka mea e pale aku kēia iā lākou mai ka nalowale o ka ʻono a me ke ʻano o nā microorganisms. Pono e mālama ʻia nā halo ma kahi anuanu.