Pehea e loaʻa ai kahi hōʻaiʻē nui ma 2022

ʻO ka lawe ʻana i kahi hōʻaiʻē nui, me kahi ala koi i ka ʻoihana, ʻaʻole paʻakikī loa. ʻO ka mea nui, pono i ka mea hōʻaiʻē ke loaʻa nā mea āpau me ka loaʻa kālā, ka palekana hōʻaiʻē a me ka mōʻaukala aie. Makemake nā panakō a me nā ʻoihana kālā ʻē aʻe e hōʻaiʻē i ka heluna kanaka ma 2022, no ka mea, loaʻa iā lākou ke kālā maikaʻi ma ka ukupanee i uku ʻia e ka mea kūʻai. E haʻi mākou iā ʻoe i ka nui o nā hōʻaiʻē i ʻae ʻia i kā mākou ʻāina, nā koi nui no nā mea hōʻaiʻē a me nā kumu kahi e loaʻa ai ke kālā. Hoʻopuka mākou i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hōʻaiʻē nui.

Nā kūlana no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hōʻaiʻē nui

Nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hōʻaiʻē nui

1. E noʻonoʻo i kāu helu ʻaiʻē

E hana maoli ka mea hāʻawi i kēia no ka mea kūʻai aku, akā makemake ʻoe e ʻike inā loaʻa kahi manawa e helu ai i kahi hōʻaiʻē nui? ʻO ka helu o ka mea hōʻaiʻē he ʻike ākea a hiki i nā mea āpau ke ʻike e pili ana iā ia iho me ka manuahi ʻelua i ka makahiki. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka helu ma ka mōʻaukala aie. Mālama ʻia kahi waihona kālā e pili ana i ka poʻe a pau i lawe kālā mai nā ʻoihana hōʻaiʻē ma ko mākou ʻāina i nā makahiki i hala iho nei e nā keʻena mōʻaukala hōʻaiʻē (BKI).

ʻEwalu mau BCI nui ma ko mākou ʻāina (papa inoa ma ka pūnaewele o ka Central Bank). No ka ʻike ʻana i kahi i mālama ʻia ai kāu mōʻaukala aie, e hele i ka portal State Services. Ma ka ʻāpana "ʻauhau a me ke kālā" aia kahi ʻāpana "ʻike e pili ana i nā ʻoihana hōʻaiʻē". E kiʻi i nā lawelawe uila a i loko o hoʻokahi lā (maʻamau i loko o ʻelua mau hola), e hiki mai ka pane i ka moʻokāki pilikino o ka portal.

E kiʻi i ka papa inoa o nā pilina a me nā helu pūnaewele o BKI. E hele, e kākau inoa (hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻoia ma o ka State Services) a ʻike i kāu helu hōʻaiʻē. He manuahi a ʻaʻohe palena i ka nui o nā noi. 

I ka makahiki 2022, ua hoʻohana ko mākou ʻāina i kahi pālākiō hoʻokahi mai 1 a 999 mau helu. Akā, wehewehe ʻo BKI i nā helu ma ko lākou ala ponoʻī. No ka laʻana, loaʻa ka helu kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻoihana NBKI mai 594 a 903 mau helu, aʻo Equifax ka helu mai 809 a 896.

Hoʻopuka mākou i kahi papa me nā helu helu helu no nā bureaus.

ʻAʻole ka helu helu he 100% hōʻoia no ka ʻae ʻia a hōʻole paha. Na ka panakō e hoʻohana iā ia (ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hōʻike i kāu hopena, e hoʻouna ke keʻena ponoʻī i kahi noi i ka CBI), akā e hoʻohana pū i kāna mau mea hana ponoʻī - nā loiloi hōʻaiʻē.

Pili ʻia ka helu e:

• ka ukana ʻaiʻē (ehia kāu ʻaiʻē i nā panakō ʻē aʻe);
• moʻolelo hōʻaiʻē a me nā uku i hala no nā makahiki ʻehiku i hala;
• nā aie i kūʻai ʻia i nā ʻohi;
• hōʻiliʻili aie ma o ka ʻaha (nā hale a me nā lawelawe kaiāulu, alimony, uku no ka pōʻino).

E hana mākou i kahi kiʻi o kahi kanaka me ka helu kūpono: i nā makahiki ʻehiku i hala iho nei, ua lawe ʻo ia i 3-5 mau hōʻaiʻē a pani iā ​​​​lākou, uku i nā mea āpau i ka manawa, me ke kali ʻole, akā ʻaʻole i uku ma mua o ka papa manawa, ʻaʻohe ona. aie a ʻaʻole loa. Hiki i ia mea hōʻaiʻē ke lawe i kahi hōʻaiʻē nui. Akā, he mea nui hoʻi e hoʻokō i nā koi o ka panakō.

2. E ʻike i nā koi o ka panakō no ka mea ʻaiʻē

Ua nānā mākou i nā hāʻawi o nā panakō nui a hoʻolaha i ke kiʻi "arithmetic mean" o ka mea kūʻai aku kūpono.

• Ma luna o 22 makahiki.
• ʻO ka palena kiʻekiʻe o ka makahiki he 65-70 mau makahiki ma ka hopena o ka manawa hōʻaiʻē.
• Kupa o ka Federation, aia kahi inoa (propiska).
• Hoʻohana ʻia ma kahi ʻoihana nui ma mua o 6 mau mahina.
• Loaʻa iā ia ka ʻike hana o 1 makahiki.
• Kūlana maikaʻi (supervisor).
• Loaʻa kiʻekiʻe (ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka uku o ka mahina ma mua o 50% o ka uku).
• Me kahi moʻolelo hōʻaiʻē (ua lawe mua i nā hōʻaiʻē a pani maikaʻi iā lākou).
• Mea kūʻai panakō uku.

3. Holaiia

ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi ka ʻae ʻana i ka hōʻaiʻē ma mua o hoʻokahi hola i 2022. I kēia manawa, waiho ʻoe i kahi nīnau nīnau pōkole i ka panakō (ma o ka pūnaewele, ma ke kelepona a i ʻole ma ke kanaka), e hoʻolaha i ka nui i makemake ʻia a loaʻa kahi pane. Hiki ke ʻae ʻia ka nui ma mua o ka pono. Aia ma lalo nā ala e loaʻa hou ai.

Inā ʻoe e nānā i kāu helu hōʻaiʻē a me ka mōʻaukala a ʻike iā ʻoe he mau hōʻailona maʻamau, aia nā lohi, a laila mai pilikia ʻoe i ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā noi i nā panakō i kēia manawa. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia kāu mau noi kālā a pau ma ka BKI. E noʻonoʻo ʻo Banks i kekahi mea penei: "Ke noi pinepine nei kēia mea kūʻai aku i ke kālā, akā pehea inā makemake ʻo ia e lawe i nā hōʻaiʻē he nui i ka manawa hoʻokahi, hiki iā ia ke uku iā lākou?"

No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke koho ʻana i hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau panakō i kūpaʻa loa iā ʻoe. Kahi i loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi kāleka hōʻaiʻē, waiho kālā, a i ʻole he mea kūʻai uku uku. E kali mua i kā lākou pane a inā ʻaʻole kūpono ʻo ia iā ʻoe, a laila e hoʻouna i nā palapala noi i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

4. E hōʻiliʻili i nā palapala

Ma mua o ka ʻae ʻia ʻana o ka hōʻaiʻē, pono ʻoe e hoʻouna i kahi pūʻulu o nā palapala i ka panakō. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻaiʻē nui me hoʻokahi passport.

Nā palapala kumu. ʻO ka passport mua o ka Federation ma kahi mua. Ke noʻonoʻo nei i kahi noi no kahi kālā nui, e noi paha ka mea hāʻawi i kahi palapala lua - SNILS, passport, laikini kaʻa.

Palapala kālā. ʻO ka mea kūpaʻa loa i ka poʻe e hāʻawi i kahi palapala 2-NDFL o ka loaʻa kālā mai ka hana. Hiki iā ʻoe ke noi iā ia ma ke keʻena helu helu a hoʻoiho paha i kāu moʻokāki pilikino ma ka pūnaewele o ka lawelawe ʻauhau - ka Federal Tax Service of the Federation. Akā ʻae pinepine nā panakō i kahi hōʻike kālā ma ke ʻano o kahi panakō a i ʻole kahi moʻokāki ma kou inoa.

Nā ʻē aʻe. E noi lākou iā ʻoe e hōʻoia i ka hana a me ka ʻike hana me kahi unuhi mai ka waihona penikala - ka Pension Fund of the Federation. Hiki ke loaʻa ma ka pūnaewele ma o ka State Services, a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā kope o nā ʻaoʻao o ka puke hana.

5. E kali i ka ʻae ʻia a loaʻa kahi hōʻaiʻē

ʻO ka hoʻoholo e hoʻopuka i nā hōʻaiʻē nui, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā panakō ma mua o nā hōʻaiʻē maʻamau. Ua ʻae ʻia ka ʻae ʻia e kekahi mau limahana a me nā keʻena. Eia nō naʻe, i kēia manawa i kā mākou ʻāina, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā lawelawe waihona kālā, no laila ʻaʻole e hoʻopaneʻe ka ʻoihana kālā i ka pane. Ma hope o ka waiho ʻana i nā palapala, hiki mai ka ʻae ʻia i hoʻokahi a ʻekolu mau lā.

6. SemiчE kiʻi i ke kālā a hoʻomākaukau no ka uku mua

E hoʻoili ka panakō i ka nui i kāu moʻokāki, mai kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻoili iā lākou i ke kāleka. Hiki nō hoʻi ke kauoha i ka unuhi kālā ma ka lālā. A i ʻole ka lawe ʻana ma ka ʻohi ʻana i kou home, keʻena. Mai poina e kuhikuhi i ka wā e uku ʻia ai ka hōʻaiʻē mua e like me ka papa kuhikuhi. Hiki paha i kēia mahina.

Kahi e loaʻa ai kahi hōʻaiʻē nui

1. Panakō

ʻO ke kumu maʻamau e lawe i kahi hōʻaiʻē nui. Hāʻawi nā hui kālā i nā koi a me nā kūlana no kahi hōʻaiʻē. Ke nānā pono nei nā panakō nui i nā mea noi. Hiki i nā mea liʻiliʻi ke hāʻawi i ka pākēneka kiʻekiʻe, akā e ʻae i ka hōʻaiʻē.

2. Hale Pawn

Hāʻawi ka pawnshop i nā mea gula, nā kaʻa, nā wati a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea waiwai nui i mea hōʻoia. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke lawe i nā hale noho. Ua helu ʻia ka nui ma muli o ke kumukūʻai o nā huahana. No laila, i mea e hāʻawi ʻia ai ʻoe i 1 rubles, pono ʻoe e hāʻawi i ka nui o ke gula a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea waiwai ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hana nā pawnshop a pau me nā mea nani.

3. Huihui

ʻO ka inoa piha ʻo ia ʻo credit consumer cooperatives (CPC). ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka hana he uku lālā, i uku ʻia me ka ukupanee. E ʻoluʻolu, i kekahi mau hihia, ʻoiai me ka uku mua ʻana, pono ʻoe e uku i nā uku lālā no ka manawa hōʻaiʻē holoʻokoʻa. Aia ia mau haʻawina ma ka papa hoʻonohonoho uku a i ʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia ma nā palapala kānāwai o ka hui. A inā ʻoe i hōʻaiʻē no ka manawa ʻelima makahiki, akā hoʻihoʻi ʻia ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapa, a laila e helu hou ʻia ka ukupanee no ʻoe, a e uku ʻia nā uku lālā no 60 mahina. 

4. Ka poe hoopukapuka

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻaiʻē kālā me ka ukupanee mai kēlā me kēia kanaka. ʻO ka mea nui ʻo ka ʻae ʻana me ka mea hāʻawi i nā ʻōlelo a kākau iā lākou. E hoʻomanaʻo i ka pāpā ʻia ʻana o nā mea hoʻopukapuka pilikino e lawe i nā hale noho mai nā poʻe ma ke ʻano he koʻikoʻi - ʻo kēia ʻano palekana no nā poʻe ʻoihana hoʻokahi a i ʻole LLC.

Ma hea ʻaʻole e hāʻawi i kahi hōʻaiʻē nui

ʻO nā hui microcredit (aka "kālā wikiwiki", "nā hōʻaiʻē lā uku", nā MFI) maʻamau ka palena o ka nui o ka huina kālā o ka hōʻaiʻē (TCP). No ka laʻana, ʻaʻole hiki i kahi MFI ke hāʻawi aku ma mua o 30 rubles i kahi mea hōʻaiʻē.

He aha nā huina e hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia

- ʻO ka nui o ka nui i ʻae ʻia e pili ana, ʻo ka mea mua, ma ke ʻano o ka hōʻaiʻē. Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ke kālā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka waiwai, no ka laʻana, kahi keʻena a i ʻole kaʻa, a laila e helu ʻia ka nui loa mai ka waiwai o ka waiwai. Hoʻopuka pinepine ʻia nā hōʻaiʻē i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā panakō liʻiliʻi, i waena o nā mea kūʻai aku ʻaʻohe kahe mau o nā mea hōʻaiʻē me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka loaʻa kālā, - wahi a kahi loea kālā, ke poʻo o ka hui kōkua. ʻO Alexey Lashko.

Me kahi hōʻaiʻē i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, helu ka hapa nui i ka nui loa e like me 40-60% o ka waiwai o ka waiwai. Akā ke loli mau nei ka mākeke waiwai, ʻo ia ke kumu hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopau i ka loaʻa ʻana mai ka panakō ʻaʻole ka nui āu i manaʻo ai. Hoʻopuka kekahi mau panakō a hiki i ka 30 miliona rubles i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka waiwai maoli, no ka laʻana, nā hale. 

Me kahi hōʻaiʻē paʻa, pono ʻoe e hōʻoia i kāu loaʻa kālā.

Inā ʻaʻohe koʻikoʻi, ʻike ʻia ka pae kālā, ka ukana a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

— ʻO kekahi o nā koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi papahana uku e hoʻohana ana i kahi moʻokāki a ka mea ʻaiʻē a me kahi mea hoʻolimalima. No ka laʻana, inā ʻoe e hoʻolilo ma kahi o 50 tausani mau rubles ma nā hale ʻaina i kēlā me kēia mahina, a laila e ʻae ʻia paha ʻoe no ka palena hōʻaiʻē nui me ka ʻole o ka hōʻaiʻē. Pāʻani nā papahana uku i ka lima o ka mea kūʻai aku, ʻoiai inā he limahana ʻo ia o kahi hui nui. I kēia hihia, loaʻa iā ʻoe nā manawa āpau e loaʻa i ka 500 rubles me ka ʻole o ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka loaʻa kālā a me ka hōʻaiʻē, - hoʻohui ʻO Alexey Lashko.

No ka lawe ʻana i kahi hōʻaiʻē nui, he mea nui ka mōʻaukala aie. Inā ua ʻae pinepine ʻoe i nā lohi no kahi manawa ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 7 mau lā, e kākau ka panakō iā ia ma ke ʻano he uhi ʻenehana. Akā inā ʻoe a hiki i 30 mau lā ʻoihana i hala i ka makahiki i hala a ʻelua paha, e hāʻawi ʻia paha ʻoe i kahi ʻano hōʻaiʻē paʻa. I nā hihia i nui nā lohi i ka mōʻaukala no kahi manawa o nā lā hana ʻoi aku ma mua o 60, hiki ke loaʻa kahi hōʻaiʻē e kūʻē i ka palekana o ka waiwai. 

Inā ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu ʻoe i ka nui i ʻāpono ʻia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonui. Hiki ke hana i keia ma keia mau ano:

1. hoonui i ka loaa. ʻO ka loaʻa kālā hou e pili ana i ke komo ʻana o kahi mea hoʻopaʻa me ka loaʻa kālā kūpaʻa a i ʻole ka loaʻa kūlana kūlana i ke kaʻina hana;
2. hoohiki waiwai. Me ke koʻikoʻi hou, hiki ke hoʻonui nui ka nui mai ka mea hāʻawi.

Hiki i nā panakō ke ʻano ʻokoʻa: hoʻonohonoho kekahi i kā lākou mau kūlana ponoʻī a manaʻo e ʻae ʻole ka mea kūʻai aku iā lākou. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻoi aku ka kūpaʻa a kūkākūkā pū me ka mea hōʻaiʻē. Hiki i ia mau panakō ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā kūlana no nā hebedoma inā ʻoe e hoʻohui mālie i nā mea hōʻoia a me nā mea hōʻoia hou. ʻO ka hopena, loaʻa iā ʻoe nā kūlana i manaʻo ʻia, akā ʻaʻole wikiwiki e like me ka ʻae ʻana o kahi kālā "paʻakikī" me ka ʻole o ka hōʻaiʻē. 

- Hiki ke kūʻai aku me kahi panakō i kēlā mau hihia inā he mea kūʻai nui ʻoe, a makemake ka panakō pono e hui pū me ʻoe. I kēlā ʻano kūlana, hiki iā ʻoe ke waiho i kāu mau kūlana ponoʻī a, ʻoi aku paha, e ʻae nā limahana o ka ʻoihana kālā iā lākou a hāʻawi paha i kahi ʻano ʻoluʻolu, nā ʻōlelo a ka loea.

Ua kaupalena ʻia ka nui o ka hōʻaiʻē ma ke kānāwai. Hoʻonohonoho ka Central Bank of Our Country i ka nui o ke kumukūʻai o ka hōʻaiʻē (TCC) no kēlā me kēia ʻano hōʻaiʻē. Pono kēia kumukūʻai e komo i nā lawelawe hou aʻe, me ka ʻinikua a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mea hōʻike i nā huaʻōlelo a me nā nui. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kumukūʻai piha o ka hōʻaiʻē i kēia mau ʻāpana:

• hōʻaiʻē paʻa;
• hōʻaiʻē paʻa ʻole;
• moraki;
• hōʻaiʻē kaʻa, etc.

Hoʻopuka ka Central Bank i ka ʻike hou ma kahi ʻāpana kūikawā o kāna pūnaewele. Hoʻonui pinepine ʻia - a hiki i ʻelima manawa i ka makahiki.

Nā nīnau a me nā pane kaulana

Pane ʻia nā nīnau e kahi loea kālā, ke poʻo o ka hui kōkua o nā hui ʻO Alexey Lashko.