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ʻO ka ulu ʻana i nā ʻuala pata ma ka ʻoihana ʻenehana he paʻakikī me kekahi mau pilikia, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahi ākea e pono ai e loaʻa kahi hua nui. Akā, i mea e ulu ai i nā pepeke ma ka ʻāina, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka hana, ʻaʻohe pilikia. I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mycelium mai nā spores o nā halo hihiu, hiki iā ʻoe ke lūlū i kahi wahi i hoʻomākaukau ʻia a loaʻa ka ʻohi mua i ka makahiki.
No ka ʻohana Boletov nā halo ʻo Butter, nona ma kahi o 250 mau ʻano ʻano like ʻole o nā halo pāpale. Ma ke ʻano, he mau ʻano mea ʻaila maʻamau, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau ka ʻaila hope a i ʻole maoli, ka larch butterdish, ka momona palupalu, ka ʻaila melemele-ʻeleʻele a me ka ʻaila granular. Hiki ke mahi ʻia kēia mau ʻano āpau i loko o nā pā hale a i ʻole ma nā mahiʻai mushroom i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia, e pili ana i nā kūlana i hana ʻia, ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka lepo a me ke alo o nā kumu lāʻau i hoʻokumu ʻia ai kēia mau ʻano fungal mycorrhiza.
I ka nahelehele, ulu nui ka butterdish i ka ululāʻau me kahi ea ma nā ʻaoʻao a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o nā ululāʻau coniferous, ma nā ʻaoʻao alanui, i nā kanu ʻōpio o nā pine a me nā spruces; Loaʻa ka larch butterdish ma nā laches. Hoʻolaha nui ʻia ka mea ʻaila ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, e noho ana ma Asia a me Australia. Ma ko mākou ʻāina, noho ʻo butterdish ma nā wahi āpau: mai Arkhangelsk a me Vologda ma ka ʻākau a hiki i ka nahele-steppe zone o nā wahi ʻo Saratov a me Voronezh ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ka ʻāina; He mea maʻamau ia no nā Urals, Siberia a me ka Hikina Hikina.
Ua manaʻo mau ʻia nā halo ʻo Butter he mau ʻōhua kauwela, ulu lākou i nā ululāʻau coniferous mai Iune a ʻOkakopa, a i ka hāʻule wela ma nā ʻāpana hema e ʻike ʻia a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Nowemapa.
E aʻo ʻoe e pili ana i ke ʻano o nā halo pata a pehea e ulu pono ai iā lākou ma kēia ʻatikala.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i nā halo pata
Ma ke ʻano o kā lākou meaʻai, ʻo nā butterflies no ka ʻāpana mycorrhizal fungi, a i ʻole symbiont fungi i hana i ka mycorrhiza me nā aʻa o nā lāʻau coniferous ʻōpio. Ma ke ʻano, ulu ka mycelium ma kahi o 13-15 mau makahiki a hiki i kona hua nui ʻana, makemake i nā lepo one māmā i ke ʻano, kiʻekiʻe i ka limestone a waiwai i nā mea kūlohelohe, a ulu nui ma luna o ka coniferous litter.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o ka ʻaila he ʻano ʻano ia e huikau ai lākou me nā halo ʻē aʻe ma muli o ke ʻano o ka pāpale ʻaila, i uhi ʻia me kahi papa paʻa ma luna, a me ka pulp melemele. I ka nui o nā ʻano, hoʻokaʻawale maʻalahi ke kiʻi ʻaila mai ka pulp.
E ʻike i ka nānā ʻana o nā peʻapeʻa i kēia mau kiʻi - ʻeleʻele ke kala o ka pāpale mushroom; ma muli o ko lākou ʻano a me nā ʻano o ka lepo, hiki ke ʻokoʻa mai ka melemele-ʻulaʻula a i ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula a i ʻole brown-olive:
ʻO ka pāpale mushroom ma ka awelika hiki i ke anawaena o 5-6 cm, akā hiki ke loaʻa pinepine i nā halo me ke anawaena pāpale o 8-12 cm. I ka hoʻomaka mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kino hua, he hemispherical a convex paha ka pāpale, a i ka ulu ʻana o ka haʻuki, pololei ia a lilo i pālahalaha. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka haʻuki ma ka awelika 6-10 cm, ʻo ke kumu he cylindrical i ke ʻano, i kekahi mau ʻano hiki ke ʻano hui.
Loaʻa ka ʻono maikaʻi o ka mushroom, waiwai nui ka meaʻai, a hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i kekahi ʻano hana: mai ka maloʻo ʻana i ka paila ʻana, ka ʻai ʻana a i ʻole pickling.
ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻaila, e like me ka larch a me ka graceful, loaʻa nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ai ke hōʻoluʻolu mai nā poʻo poʻo nui a hoʻēmi i ka hoʻouka ʻana o ka gout. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau waiwai o ka aila i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
Hōʻike kēia koho o nā kiʻi i ke ʻano o nā ʻano pepeke like ʻole:
Pehea e ulu ai i nā lele ma ka ʻāina
I ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻūhā ʻoihana, hānai ʻia nā mea ʻaila i ka palena palena ma muli o ka nele o kahi ʻenehana maikaʻi loa no ka mahi ulu ʻana i nā wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a no laila pono nā wahi nui me nā mea kanu coniferous e hana i nā ʻāpana ʻoihana. Eia nō naʻe, he mea maʻamau ka mahi aila no ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻaila amateur ma muli o nā ʻano maikaʻi o nā halo, a me ka momona kiʻekiʻe o ka mycelium.
I kēia lā, i ka moʻomeheu o nā ʻaila hinu e ulu ʻia e nā mea ulu ulu lāʻau amateur e hoʻohana ana i kahi ala ākea e pili kokoke ana i ka kūlohelohe.
Ma muli o ke ʻano hiʻohiʻona o nā halo e hana ai i ka mycorrhiza me nā aʻa o nā lāʻau coniferous ʻōpio, koho nā mea kanu aila i kahi pā me nā ʻōpio pine, nā kedera, nā laches a me nā spruces, e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka pā pata a me nā kūlana ulu o ka mycelium mai kahi mai. ua loaa ka mycelium. ʻO ka makahiki i makemake ʻia o nā kumulāʻau mai 10 a 15 mau makahiki, ʻo ia me kahi kaiāulu e ulu nui ai ka mycelium mushroom e like me ka hiki, no ka mea, lawe liʻiliʻi nā kumu lāʻau mai ka lepo a me ka wai, e waiho ana i nā meaʻai hou aʻe no nā halo. Hiki ke ulu i kekahi mau ʻano ʻaila i lawe ʻia mai nā ululāʻau hui ʻia ma lalo o nā kumu lāʻau deciduous e hiki ai iā lākou ke hana i kahi symbiosis. Makemake nā butterflies i ka malu hapa māmā, akā hiki iā lākou ke ulu i nā wahi lā, makemake i ka lepo acidic, a hiki ke ulu ma nā ʻāina petriched.
Ma mua o ka ulu ʻana o ka boletus, pono ʻoe e wehe i ka papa luna o ka honua ma kahi i koho ʻia i kahi hohonu o 20 cm. Pono kēia e hana i ka lepo maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mycelium. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka lepo momona no ka pata mai kekahi mau papa. ʻO ka mua, ka papa haʻahaʻa i hana ʻia mai nā mea kanu mea kanu - hiki ke ʻoki ʻia i ka mauʻu, nā lau hāʻule, nā lāʻau ʻokiʻoki, nā nila. Makemake ʻia e hana i ka lua o ka papa mai ka honua i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma kahi e ulu ai nā halo - i kēia hihia, ʻo kona koena acid-base e kokoke loa i ka maikaʻi loa, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi iā ia me ka lepo māla maʻamau. Pono e hoʻonui ʻia ka lepo māla me ka humus. Kanu ʻia ka mycelium mushroom ma ka lepo i hoʻomākaukau ʻia.
I kēia lā, makemake ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu ʻai e hoʻohana i nā spores o nā halo overripe i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o ka ululāʻau no ke kanu ʻana, ʻoiai ke hāʻawi nei nā hale kūʻai pūnaewele kūikawā i kēia manawa i ka ʻaila mycelium ulu. ʻO kēia ke kumu nui o ke ʻano o ka meaʻai o ka haʻiki, ka mea e loaʻa ai ka hapa nui o nā mea organik mai ka lāʻau e hana ai i kahi symbiosis. Me kēlā ʻano meaʻai, ʻo ka haku ʻana o ka lepo, a me ke ʻano o nā lāʻau i hana ai ka mea ʻaila i kahi symbiosis, he mea nui loa. Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻokoʻa loa i nā mea kūlohelohe kahi i hoʻomohala mua ai ka mycelium, ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia nā kino hua, ʻoiai kona hoʻomohala kūleʻa.
Hoʻohui ʻia ka mycelium propagated i nā kumulāʻau i ka pūnāwai. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka substrate i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka mycelium i kahi ʻāpana lahilahi ma luna o ka wahi i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, a laila uhi ʻia me kahi papa o nā mea kanu mai nā lau a i ʻole mauʻu, kahi papa o ka māla a i ʻole ka ulu lāʻau i hoʻohui ʻia ma luna. Hoʻohāinu ʻia ka wahi i lūlū ʻia mai ka pipi ʻana i nā mea hoʻonoho me kahi ʻano ʻūhā maikaʻi a i ʻole ke ʻano kulu a hiki i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka papa lepo luna. Mai luna mai, hiki ke uhi ʻia ka pūnaewele me kahi ʻāpana lau o nā lau e pale ai i ka lepo mai ka maloʻo ʻana. I ka maloʻo ʻana o ka lepo, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia.
Hoʻomaka ka hua i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ka lūlū ʻana, hoʻomau ma kahi hoʻokahi a hiki i 15 mau makahiki. I ka hāʻule, pono e uhi ʻia nā moena me ka mycelium me ka mauʻu, ka mauʻu, a me nā lau. I ka pūnāwai, hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka pale pale, waiho i kahi ʻāpana lahilahi o nā mea kanu.
ʻAʻole like me ka ʻaila o ka ulu lāʻau, ʻaʻole ʻaneʻane wormy ka aila māla, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe ʻano fungal pests kūlohelohe o ka nahele i ka lepo māla.
Ma keʻano he kūlana, he mea nuiʻole kaʻohiʻaiʻana i nā makahiki mua, no ka mea e hoʻomau ana ka mycelium i nā makahiki 5-7'ē aʻe, a laila e hoʻonui nuiʻia ka nui o nā kino hua. ʻOhi ʻia nā pepeke ma ka lima, wili i nā halo a ʻokiʻoki paha i ke aʻa. Ma hope o 10-15 mau makahiki, me ka emi ʻana o ka hua, hiki ke hoʻololi i ka mycelium. No ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hua paʻa ma nā mea kanu, ua hana ʻia kekahi mau ʻāpana me nā makahiki like ʻole o ka mycelium, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻohi nui o nā halo i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā halo pāpaʻi ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana no ka kuke ʻana a no ka ʻohi ʻana no ka wā e hiki mai ana - pono e hoʻomaloʻo ʻia a ʻokiʻoki ʻia nā halo.
Pehea e ulu ai i ka aila mycelium ma ka home
E like me ka hōʻike ʻana, hiki ke ulu i ka mycelium oily ma ka home. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono e hui pū ʻia nā halo i hōʻiliʻili ʻia me kahi substrate i koho ʻia. Hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka substrate no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mycelium ma ke kumu o ka peat a me ka coniferous sawdust, e kōkua ana i ka hana ʻana i kahi meaʻai meaʻai kokoke i ka kūlohelohe. No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka sawdust, makemake ʻia e hoʻohana i kēlā mau ʻano lāʻau kokoke i ka ulu ʻana o nā halo i hōʻiliʻili ʻia no ka mahi ʻana. No ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka mycelium, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā pahu ʻekolu lita maʻamau. Hoʻomoe ʻia ka substrate i hoʻomaloʻo maikaʻi ʻia i loko o kahi pahu, kāpīpī māmā a hiki i ka hapalua piha o ka ipu.
Hāʻawi ʻia ka meaʻai ʻē aʻe o ka mycelium e kahi hopena nutrient kūikawā, i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma ke kumu o ka syrup sugar me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka hoʻokuʻu hū ma ka helu o: no kēlā me kēia lita o ka wai, 1 tsp. ke kō a me ka nui o ka hū. No kēlā me kēia pahu ʻekolu lita, pono e hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka 1,5 lita o ka hopena nutrient. Lawe ʻia ia i kahi ʻeha, a laila ninini ʻia ka peat i waiho ʻia i loko o nā pahu. A laila hoʻohui ʻia ka sawdust maloʻo a hoʻopiha ʻia ka nui o ka pahu, paʻa paʻa me kahi poʻi a waiho ʻia no 5 mau hola e hoʻopiha i ka substrate me nā meaʻai. A laila hoʻokahe ʻia ka wai i koe, hui maikaʻi ʻia ka substrate, hana ʻia nā punctures me kahi lāʻau lahilahi ma nā wahi he nui a waiho ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻala me nā spores i nā lua i hana ʻia.
Hoʻopili paʻa ʻia ka pahu me kahi poʻi me kahi lua 1,5 cm ke anawaena i hana ʻia i loko, kahi i hoʻopili ʻia me kahi pahu pahu pahu a waiho ʻia no 3 mau mahina, e mālama ana i ka mahana i loko o ka lumi ma 23-25 ° C. Ma hope o ka ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hyphae, hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka substrate me ka mycelium ma mua o ka lūlū ʻana i loko o kahi lumi ʻeleʻele anuanu me kahi mahana o 6 ° C.
