He mea pono loa ka Truffles a me ke kumu kūʻai nui. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o hoʻokahi kilokani o kēia mau kino hua hiki ke hiki i nā tausani euros. No laila, inā haku ʻoe i ka ʻenehana kūpono no ka ulu ʻana i nā truffles a hana i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no ka ulu ʻana i kēia mau halo, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonui maoli iā ʻoe iho. ʻOiaʻiʻo, e kali ka ʻohi i kahi manawa lōʻihi (a hiki i 7 mau makahiki). A i kēia manawa a pau, ʻaʻole pono e hehi ʻia ka wahi i lūlū ʻia me ka mycelium.
ʻO Truffle (mai ka lat. Tuber) - no ka genus o nā halo marsupial. ʻO ke kino hua o ka haʻiki he tuberous, ʻiʻo, ulu i lalo o ka lepo ma kahi hohonu o 10-20 cm. Nui nā ʻano ʻano truffle. ʻO ke kumu, ulu nā truffles i nā ululāʻau o ka hema o Farani a me ka ʻĀkau o Italia, akā loaʻa pū kekahi i kā mākou ʻāina, Belarus, our country, a me Central Asia.
Pehea e ulu ai i nā halo truffle e wehewehe ʻia ma kēia ʻaoʻao.
He aha ke ʻano o nā truffles
He saprophyte ka truffle. Hoʻokumu ia i ka mycorrhiza me nā aʻa o nā kumulāʻau e like me ka ʻoka a me ka beech, a hānai i nā mea ola mai ka lepo. ʻO nā kino hua, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, he ʻano pālahalaha ʻole, ʻōpuni a oval paha. He fibrous ka ʻili. Aia ke kala o kahi truffle i kona ʻano. I ka pōʻaiapili, hiki i nā halo ke like me ka ʻuala a i ʻole ke ʻano maʻa. Aia paha nā ʻōniʻoniʻo me nā rim kala ʻole. ʻEke ʻano ʻeke, me nā spores spherical a me nā spines blunt. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻai ʻia nā ʻano truffle a pau. ʻO nā mea waiwai nui he ʻeleʻele Farani, a i ʻole Perigord, a me nā truffle Piedmontese keʻokeʻo. I ko mākou ʻāina, hoʻokahi ʻano ʻano truffle - ke kauwela. ʻImi ʻia kēia mau halo me ke kōkua o nā ʻīlio a me nā puaʻa i hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūikawā. I kekahi manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi kūʻokoʻa i nā truffles ma lalo o nā lau popopo - kau nā midges ma luna o lākou.
ʻEleʻele, a i ʻole ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ka truffle he kino hua poʻe me ka ʻili ʻole o ka ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ka hina hina. ʻOkoʻa kona nui mai ka wōnati a i ka ʻāpala liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka pulp o ke kino hua he ʻulaʻula, ma hope o ka oʻo ʻana, lilo ia i poni-ʻeleʻele. He ʻala ikaika a me ka ʻono maʻalahi o kēia ʻala.
Aia i loko o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona nā halo hiki ke ʻai. ʻAʻole paʻa ko lākou helu a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana a hilinaʻi i ke kau, ka wā, ka ecology a me nā kūlana ʻē aʻe. I ke kauwela, me ka nele o ka makū, piʻi nui ka ʻike o nā mea holoholona i loko o nā halo, a lilo ka ʻala ponoʻī i mea make mai kēia.
Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano o nā truffles i kēia mau kiʻi:
Pehea e ulu ai i nā truffles i ke ala kūpono
Hiki ke ulu i nā halo e like me ka ʻeleʻele truffles ma nā lāʻau ʻoka, hornbeam, wōnati a me nā beech. Aia ma nā aʻa o kēia mau lāʻau e ulu ai kēia haʻuki, e hana ana i ka mycorrhiza me lākou. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā ulu lāʻau kūlohelohe a kanu kūikawā paha. ʻO kekahi kūlana koʻikoʻi no ka ulu ʻana o kēia haʻuki he ʻano mahana. ʻAʻole ʻae ka truffle i nā hau koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻoilo a me nā mahana kiʻekiʻe i ke kauwela. Pono ia i nā hoʻoilo haʻahaʻa a me nā kauwela maloʻo. Hiki ke ulu ʻia nā Truffles ma ka lepo calcareous. Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ka lepo a waiwai i nā meaʻai.
ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā truffles e iho mai ana i ka waiho ʻana i nā mea kanu a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka lepo mai nā wahi kūlohelohe o nā halo i ka lepo.
Ma mua o ka ulu ʻana i nā truffles, he mea nui e koho i kahi kūpono no nā kumu lāʻau ma ke aʻa e ulu ai nā halo. Pono e pale ʻia mai nā hanana ʻino a pau, pale ʻia mai nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe a me nā holoholona. Pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka ʻāina mai nā kumu lāʻau a me nā haʻi ʻē aʻe. Pono ke kahua ma kahi mamao mai nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka ulu a me ka ulu ʻana o nā truffles. Pono e nānā ʻia ka lepo no ka pH. No ke aha e hoʻokomo ai i kahi laʻana lepo i loko o kahi pahu liʻiliʻi a ninini i kahi winika keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi i loko. Inā liʻiliʻi ka hui ʻana, a laila ʻaʻole kūpono ka lepo no nā truffles - pono ia he alkaline. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono e hoʻohui ʻia ka lime i ka lepo. A laila pono ʻoe e kanu i nā kumulāʻau - ʻoka, hazel, beech, hornbeam.
I mea e hānai pono ai i nā truffles, pono e lawe ʻia ka mycelium me ka lepo i lawe ʻia mai ka noho maoli o nā halo. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono ʻoe e ʻeli i kahi mycelium ma kahi hohonu o 10-15 cm a kau iā ia ma kahi kokoke i nā kumulāʻau. Hiki iā ʻoe ke uhaʻi i ke kino hua oo o ka ʻōpala i mau ʻāpana a waiho ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā aʻa o nā mea kanu. Ke kūʻai aku nei kekahi mau hui i nā hua lāʻau wōnati me nā spores truffle i hoʻopili ʻia. I ke kanu ʻana i ia mau lāʻau, ʻaʻole pono ka ʻāina hou mai ka noho ʻana. Pono e hana ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka mycelium i ka hopena o ke kauwela a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hāʻule.
ʻO kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi no ka ulu ʻana i nā truffles ka nui a me ka hoʻoinu mau ʻana o ka mea kanu i ke kauwela me ka wai mahana. Pono ʻoe e hōʻoia i ʻole e hehi ʻia e kekahi. Hōʻike ka ʻohi ʻana i nā makahiki 5-7 ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu. Noho ka hua no 25-30 mau makahiki. Aia nā kino hua i ka lepo i nā pūnana o 3-7 mau ʻāpana i kēlā me kēia. Ke oʻo ʻo truffles, piʻi iki ka lepo ma luna o lākou, a maloʻo ka mauʻu kokoke i ka pūnana. ʻO kēia mau hōʻailona ka hoʻomaka o ka ʻohi ʻana. Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ʻoʻo nā truffles i ka hāʻule a ʻohi ʻia a hiki i ka hoʻoilo. Pono e uhi ʻia kēlā me kēia mushroom i ka ʻōpala a waiho ʻia i loko o ka laiki maloʻo - ma kēia ala e paʻa ai ka makū i loko o nā halo. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole pono lākou e hoʻomaʻemaʻe loa i ka honua. Mālama ka honua i nā halo mai ka nalowale o ka ʻono a mai nā microorganism. Pono e mālama ʻia nā halo i loko o ka friji.