Hiki iā ʻoe ke ulu iā ʻoe iho i nā ʻano ʻano halo. A ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa nā morels. ʻO ka ulu ʻana iā lākou i loko o kahi kīhāpai hope ma nā moena i hana ʻia a i ʻole nā wahi i mahi ʻia i loko o ka nahele he hana hoihoi a ʻaʻole paʻakikī loa. ʻO ka mea nui ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mycelium kiʻekiʻe o morels a hahai pono i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a pau no ka mahi ʻana i kēia ʻano ʻano halo.
No ka ʻohana Morchkovy (Morshellovy) nā Morels. ʻO nā mea kaulana loa he c. kiʻekiʻe, conical, with steppe, s. edible (maoli) a morel pāpale. Hiki ke mahiia keia mau ano a pau.
Ma hea kahi e ulu ai nā morels a pehea ko lākou ʻano?
Ma ka nahelehele, ulu nā haloo o ka ʻohana morel i ke anuanu o ka ʻĀpana ʻĀkau mai ʻEulopa a i ʻAmelika, a loaʻa nō hoʻi ma Australia a ma kekahi mau mokupuni ma ka Hema Hema. Ke ulu nui nei nā Morels i loko o ka ululāʻau, makemake lākou i nā ululāʻau lau ākea a hui pū ʻia paha, akā i kekahi manawa ulu pū lākou i waena o nā paina, e noho pinepine ana i nā paka a me nā wahi pā nahele. ʻO 5 mau mea kaulana loa o nā morels e ulu ana ma ko mākou ʻāina, ʻike ʻia lākou ma nā wahi āpau - mai ka nahele-tundra zone ma ka hema a hiki i ka nahele-steppe zone ma ke kūkulu ʻākau, mai ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa a hiki i ka Hikina Hikina, laha lakou ma na Urals a me Siberia. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ko mākou ʻāina, ulu pinepine lākou i nā māla mua a me nā lau, makemake lākou i nā ʻāina one, no laila ulu pinepine lākou i nā kahawai, ma nā kapa o nā kahawai, makemake lākou e noho i nā ʻāʻī a me ka lehu o ka ulu lāʻau.
Ua manaʻo mau ʻia ʻo Morels i ka punawai puna, ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ko mākou ʻāina e ulu lākou mai ʻApelila - i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Mei, ma waena a me nā ʻāpana ʻākau e hoʻomaka lākou e hua mai ka hapa lua o Mei a Iune. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, hiki ke loaʻa nā halo i ka hāʻule mahana.
Ma ke ʻano o kā lākou meaʻai, ʻo nā morels nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā fungi saprophytic, no laila, makemake nā fungi o kēia ʻohana i nā lepo calcareous momona no ka ulu ʻana ma waena o ka mauʻu i hoʻonui ʻia me nā mea kanu mea kanu, akā hiki ke loaʻa i loko o nā puʻupuʻu kūlanakauhale, ka mea maʻamau i ka decomposing organic compounds.
I ʻEulopa, ua hoʻomaka nā morels e ulu i kā lākou mau māla ponoʻī, nā paka a i nā moena wale nō i ka waena o ke kenekulia XNUMX. ʻO ka poʻe Kelemania kekahi o ka poʻe mua i ʻike i ka ulu ʻana o nā morels ma luna o ka lehu, a hoʻomaka lākou e kāpīpī i ka lehu ma nā moena.
I ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻuala ʻoihana, ʻoi aku ka nui o 3 mau ʻano morel: morel maoli, conical morel a me morel cap - ʻo ia nā ʻelele maʻamau o kēia ʻohana.
Ma waho, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o nā morels ma mua o nā halo pāpale ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka pāpale o ka morel, e pili ana i kona ʻano, he conical a i ʻole he ovoid-rounded elongated shape, ʻo ka ʻili o ia mea i uhi ʻia me kahi pūnaewele o nā ʻāpana hohonu. ʻOkoʻa ke kala o ka halo mai ka hina-ʻeleʻele a hiki i ke kokoleka ʻeleʻele, aneane ʻeleʻele. Pili nā ʻaoʻao o ka pāpale i kekahi ʻano i ke kumu. He cylindrical ke kumu, e like me ka pāpale, he hakahaka i loko.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka fungus hiki i 10 cm. ʻO ka pulp o ka morel he palupalu, maʻalahi ka haki ʻana a me ka ʻūlū, ʻoluʻolu i ka ʻono, akā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kahi ʻala ʻala. I ka nui o nā ʻāina o ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika, he mea ʻono ka conical morel.
ʻO nā ʻano morels āpau i manaʻo ʻia he ʻano ʻai ʻia, kūpono no ka ʻai kanaka ma hope o ko lākou hoʻolapalapa mua ʻana.
Pehea e hānai ai i nā morels
Hiki iā ʻoe ke ulu i nā morels me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi o nā ʻenehana ʻelua: Palani - ma nā moena i hana ʻia - a me Kelemania, i loko o ka māla. Ua pili nā ʻano ʻelua i ka ulu nui ʻana o ka mushroom, e koi ana i nā wahi nui e loaʻa ai kahi hua kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā ʻano hana koʻikoʻi o ka mahi ʻana i kēia haʻuki ma nā substrate nutrient i loko o ka hale ke hoʻomohala ikaika ʻia nei e nā ʻepekema ʻAmelika, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau ʻano o ka mahi ʻana i nā halo.
Makemake nā Morels i nā wahi i hoʻomālamalama maikaʻi ʻia me nā lepo momona; ʻoluʻolu loa nā halo i ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka lehu a me nā ʻōlaʻi momona i loko o ka lepo. ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona o nā halo kūlohelohe i hoʻokumu i ke kumu o nā ʻano Farani a me Kelemania o kā lākou mahiʻai.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hānai ʻana i nā morels i loko o kahi māla waina a i ʻole i kahi wahi i koho ʻia o uXNUMXbuXNUMXbdeciduous nahele, kahi e hāʻawi ai ka malu maoli mai nā kumu lāʻau i nā halo me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomālamalama a i ka manawa like e pale ai iā lākou mai ka lā pololei. I ka hana ʻana i nā moena, pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia nā halo i ka wai stagnant puna, no laila, ma kahi i hoʻolaʻa ʻia, pono e hana i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi e hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe.
Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana e ulu i nā morels ma ka pūnaewele, pono e hoʻololi ʻia ka topsoil me kahi substrate i hoʻomākaukau ʻia. Hoʻomākaukau ʻia ia mai ka lepo māla no nā pua i hui pū ʻia me ka sawdust a me ka lehu e like me kēia ʻano: no kēlā me kēia ʻeono mau puke o ka lepo māla, e hoʻohui i ka hapalua o ka sawdust a me hoʻokahi leo lehu. Pono e hui ʻia ka hui ʻana o ka lepo i hoʻomākaukau ʻia a waiho ʻia i loko o kahi papa 10-centimeter ma nā moena i lako. Pono e hoʻoinu ʻia ka substrate i waiho ʻia ma ka nui o 10 lita o ka wai no kēlā me kēia 1 m o ka moena.
E like me ka mahi ʻana i nā ʻano halo ʻē aʻe, no ka lūlū ʻana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i nā halo i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o ka ululāʻau, akā kūʻai ʻia ka morel mycelium mai nā mea hoʻolako hilinaʻi. Ma hope o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka moena, hoʻohele ʻia ka mycelium ma luna o kona ʻili āpau, a laila uhi ʻia me kahi papa honua 6-cm i wehe ʻia mai nā moena i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā moena. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe iki ka lepo me kahi pahu wai liʻiliʻi a i ʻole kahi sprinkler kūikawā, ma hope o ka uhi ʻia o ka moena me nā mea kūlohelohe i mālama ʻia: nā moena mauʻu, nā lālā liʻiliʻi, nā lau; hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana, e like me ka hana ʻana o ka Farani, ka apple pomace.
Ma hope o ka lūlū ʻana i nā moena me ka mycelium, pono ia e nānā i ka pae o ka wai o ka substrate. I ka maloʻo ʻana o ka lepo, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia me nā concentrates nutrient kūikawā e hāpai i ka ulu wikiwiki a hoʻonui ʻia o nā haʻi. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau pūhui, i kapa ʻia ʻo Baikal-EM-1, i hana ʻia e ka ʻoihana mahiʻai kūloko. No ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka huaʻai, kāpīpīʻia ka moena ma luna me kahi'āpana lahilahi o ka lehu. I ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka apple pomace, hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka lehu. Hoʻomaka ka hua i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ka lūlū ʻana, mau ma kahi hoʻokahi mai 3 a 5 mau makahiki, a ʻaʻole pono e koi i nā kumukūʻai nui a kūpono hoʻi i nā mahiʻai liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā mea ulu ulu. I ka hāʻule, pono e uhi ʻia nā moena me ka mycelium me ka mauʻu, ka mauʻu, a me nā lau. I ka pūnāwai, ma hope koke o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hau a hoʻokumu ʻia ka mahana maikaʻi, wehe ʻia kēia uhi pale, e waiho ana i kahi ʻāpana lahilahi o nā mea kanu. Ma keʻano he kūlana, 2-3 mau pule ma hope o ka weheʻiaʻana o ka uhi pale, hoʻomaka nā halo i ka hua.
ʻOhi ʻia nā Morels me ke akahele loa no ko lākou palupalu, wili i ka halo, paʻa ma ka wāwae a ʻoki ʻia me ka pahi. Hiki ke hoʻomaloʻo ʻia a hāʻawi ʻia paha i nā mākeke, akā ʻo morels, ma muli o ko lākou palupalu, nalowale koke i kā lākou hōʻike i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana.