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Hyperlipidemia (Cholesterol a me nā triglycerides)
THEhyperlipidemia, ʻo ia ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kiʻekiʻe o nā lipids i loko o ke koko (ka momona momona), e pili ana i ka cholesterol a me nā triglycerides. ʻAʻole kēia kūlana kino e hōʻailona. No nā kānaka he nui, ʻaʻohe hopena maikaʻi ʻole. Eia naʻe, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi o nā kumu pilikia he nui, i hui pū ʻia, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka maʻi cardiovascular.
ʻO ka nui o nā lipids i loko o ke koko e kōkua i ka paʻakikī a me ka mānoanoa o ka uhi o ka nā aʻa o ka puʻuwai, nā ʻaʻaʻa coronary. ʻO ka hopena, hoʻololi ka puʻuwai me ka paʻakikī i ka hoʻoikaika kino. ʻO ka Hyperlipidemia, ma ka hoʻopōʻino ʻana i ke kapa o nā aʻa, kōkua pū kekahi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā ʻāʻī koko e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa loa i ke aʻa e hoʻokau ai i kahi pōʻino cerebrovascular (stroke), kahi hōʻeha puʻuwai (ka puʻuwai puʻuwai). Hiki i nā pā mānoanoa o nā paia aʻa ke ʻoki a lawe ʻia i loko o ke kaʻa (fat embolism) a laila neʻe i nā aʻa liʻiliʻi a lākou e ālai ai, no ka laʻana i ka hahau ʻana..
Pahuhopu: e pale a hoʻopaneʻe paha i nā pilikia mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko
ka hūnā mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko ʻo ia ke kumu nui o ka make ma ka honua1. Ma Kanada, no ka laʻana, ua lilo nā maʻi naʻau i ke kumu lua o ka make (28% o nā make), ma hope o ke kanesa (29% o nā make)3.
ʻOiai ua ʻoi aku ka hapalua o ka puhi ʻana, ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaumaha nui, ka momona a me kekahi huli o pūhaka (ma ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū) (ma kahi o 5 knm a 6 knm keu aku i na makahiki he 20 i hala50) hōʻike i ka hoʻonui pinepine ʻana o nā maʻi cardiovascular no nā makahiki e hiki mai ana.
Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he emi pinepine ka make o kēia mau maʻi cardiovascular ma mua o ka wā i hala: ua hāʻule ka nui o ka make ma kahi o 40% i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. No ka hahau ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokele.
No hea mai ka cholesterol a me ka triglycerides?
Le ate hana i ka hapa nui o cholesterol (4 / 5th) hoʻohana ʻia e ke kino i nā hana like ʻole. Ke koena maiai, kūikawā meaola holoholona. ʻO ia nā meaʻai kiʻekiʻe i ka momona momona (nā ʻiʻo momona, ka pata, nā mea momona momona) a me nā momona trans (hydrogenated margarines, nā meaʻai pōkole, nā mea ʻono, nā pastries) e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka cholesterol "ʻino", kapa ʻia ʻo LDL. Eia naʻe, ʻike mākou i kēia manawa no ka hapa nui o ka poʻe, ʻo ka cholesterol meaʻai wale nō ka hopena liʻiliʻi i nā pae cholesterol koko: Hoʻopili wale ia i ka pae cholesterol koko no 1/5. No laila, ʻaʻole pono e pāpā ʻia nā hua manu, nā ʻōpae a me nā ʻiʻo o ke kino, no ka laʻana, he kiʻekiʻe ka cholesterol, no ka mea he liʻiliʻi ka momona saturated.
Ma waho aʻe o ka meaʻai i ʻai ʻia, nele i ka hana kino (sedentary lifestyle) a hiki i ka puhi paka ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka pae cholesterol. Eia hou, ka Genoa Loaʻa ko lākou mana i nā hyperlipidemia ʻohana nui autosomal dominant.
ʻO Cholesterol kahi mole mole holoholona, ʻaʻohe mea kanu. Hiki iā ia ke komo i ka momona meaʻai ma o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka bile. Hiki i ka Cholesterol ke hana i nā hormones no laila he mea nui ia no ke ola, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke ola me ka cholesterol ʻole.
E like me ka nā triglycerides, hele pinepine mai lakou mai ka waiona a me pulapula o ke ʻai nui ʻia (ʻoi aku ka "wikiwiki" sugars, e like me nā wai huaʻai a me nā mea inu ʻono ʻē aʻe, nā keke, nā mea ʻono a me nā jams), i hoʻololi ʻia i triglycerides e ke ake. No laila, ʻoiai he ʻano lipid ka triglycerides (a no laila ka momona) i loko o ke koko, ʻaʻole maʻamau ka loaʻa ʻana mai o ka momona meaʻai, akā mai ke kō.
Kahi manaʻo o ka loea
Dr ʻO Martin Juneau, ke kauka lāʻau Luna Hoʻokele o Prevent ma ka Montreal Heart Institute Loaʻa i nā meaʻai sugary ka hopena nui e like me nā meaʻai momona i nā lipids koko? ʻO nā meaʻai momona ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā lipids koko, akā ʻo nā meaʻai sugary hoʻi e hoʻoikaika iā lākou a pāʻani i kahi kuleana nui e like me nā meaʻai momona i ke olakino ākea. I loko o nā makahiki he 25 i hala iho nei, ua nui ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana he mea pōʻino ka momona i ke aʻa a me ka puʻuwai, akā i loko o nā makahiki 4 a i ʻole 5 a i ʻole, ua ʻike kekahi mau hui noiʻi maikaʻi loa ua hoʻokomo mākou i ka momona he nui. ma luna o laila. ka manaʻo nui i nā momona a ʻaʻole lawa i ke kō. Ua kamaʻilio nui mākou e pili ana i ka cholesterol, ka momona momona, ka momona trans. ʻO ka manaʻo o ka ʻoihana ʻo ka wehe ʻana i ka momona ma nā wahi a pau: nā yogurts haʻahaʻa momona, nā huahana cholesterol-free, etc. I kēia lā, manaʻo kekahi poʻe loea e pili ana ka maʻi obesity i kēia hopena ʻoihana. I kēia mau lā, ʻai nui mākou akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kō. Ua mālama pono mākou i ka hopena o kēia kō. Hoʻopili ke kō i nā lipids koko, ʻoi loa ma o ka metabolism insulin. Ke ʻai ʻoe i kahi mea ʻai momona, e ʻōlelo i kahi ʻāpana keke a i ʻole ka yogurt momona, piʻi kāu insulin e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kō koko. Ke kiʻekiʻe ka insulin i loko o ke koko, hoʻoulu ia i ka nui o nā hopena. No ka laʻana, he mau hola ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i kēia mea ʻai, e hoʻomaka ana kou ake e hana i nā triglycerides hou aʻe. Hoʻopuka hou ia i ka LDL cholesterol hou aʻe, akā ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hopena o ke kō i kēia ʻano lipid koko. A ʻo ka mea maʻamau, ma ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻana i ka pae o ka insulin, ʻo ke kō ka mea e mālama ai i ka momona. ʻO nā momona e waiho ana i loko o ka viscera e hoʻonui i ka waistline a hūnā i kahi pūʻulu o nā mea pro-inflammatory a me ka oxidative. Hoʻopili maoli ʻia ka hū i ka maʻi cardiovascular a me ka maʻi kanesa pū kekahi. ʻO ka manaʻo o Dr Cocaul Arnaud, ke kauka meaʻai ma Palisa ʻO kā mākou meaʻai Komohana he kumu ia o nā triglycerides ma mua o ka cholesterol. No laila i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻai mākou i ka meaʻai, ma kahi o 120 g o triglycerides a me 0,5 a 1 g o ka cholesterol. Kāohi ʻO ka momona ka hele ʻana ma o ka hoʻonaʻauao meaʻai i loko o ka ʻohana (me ka ʻike ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻonaʻauao no ke keiki i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka makuahine, no laila ke koʻikoʻi o ke koho ʻana i ka meaʻai a nā wahine hāpai). ʻO ka pahū ʻana o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea inu sugary ma Farani e like me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka honua i waena o nā ʻōpio he pilikia olakino maoli no ka mea makemake ia i ka piʻi ʻana o nā helu obesity.. Pono kākou e hoʻonaʻauao i ko kākou poʻe ʻōpio e inu wai ʻaʻole kekahi mea ʻē aʻe. Pono nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka manawa kūpono a mālama ʻia no nā manawa ʻoliʻoli. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ka steatosis hepatic (fatty liver) i ka poʻe ʻōpio ke ʻoi aku ka maʻamau a hōʻike i nā pilikia āpau e hiki mai ana no ka mea ʻoi aku ka manawa o ke kumuhana ʻōpio momona a no laila e pōʻino ai. ʻAʻole pono ka hopohopo o nā mākua i ka hakakā ʻana i ka cholesterol, ka mea e mau nei i kahi huaʻōlelo pohihihi a hoʻopilikia, akā ʻo ka hakakā ʻana i nā triglycerides, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe e hilinaʻi pololei ana i ka ʻike o ka sucrose, fructose a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i kā mākou ʻai i kēlā me kēia lā.
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Pehea e ʻike ai i ka hyperlipidemia?
Na a pili lipid hana ʻia mai nā hoʻāʻo koko (kākau ke kauka ma ka ʻōlelo kuhikuhi: wehewehe no ka abnormality lipid), ana mākou:
- ka nui o LDL kolesterol, a i ʻole "cholesterol maikaʻi ʻole";
- ka nui o nā triglycerides;
- ka nui o HDL kolesterol, aiʻole "maikaʻi" cholesterol;
- ka nui huina kolesterol (CT).
Ma muli o ka hihia, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia nā hoʻokolohua koko ʻē aʻe e ke kauka. No ka laʻana, ke ana ʻana i ka pae o Lp (a) (lipoprotein i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia i ka poʻe me ka LDL-C kiʻekiʻe i ka manawa like) a me ke ana ʻana i ka protein C-reactive, kahi hōʻailona o ka mumū.
Kolesterol "maikaʻi", "kino" cholesterol, triglycerides! E like me nā lipid koko ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka cholesterol i ke koko. No ka holo ʻana ma laila a hāʻawi ʻia i nā cell, pono e lawe ʻia e nā mea i kapa ʻia lipoprotein. Eia nā ʻano lipoproteins ʻelua:
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Kiʻekiʻe a maʻamau: pehea e loiloi ai i nā pae cholesterol?
Ke loiloi nei nā kauka i ka cholesterol pili. ʻAʻole lākou e kamaʻilio hou e pili ana i nā kumukūʻai maʻamau akā no nā kumukūʻai e pili ana i ke kūlana maʻamau o kēlā me kēia kanaka a, ma mua o nā mea a pau, i ke alo o nā kumu pilikia ʻē aʻe no maʻi mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko.
No laila, ʻike ʻia nā pae cholesterol e pono ai ke kanaka ma muli o kā lākou helu pilikino pilikia o nā maʻi cardiovascular (ka hoʻouka ʻana o ka angina, myocardial infarction, stroke) i nā makahiki 10 e hiki mai ana. Pili kēia i nā kumu he nui: ka moʻolelo pilikino o ka maʻi cardiovascular, ka makahiki, ka puhi paka, ka maʻi diabetes, ke koko, ka nui o ka cholesterol a me nā pae HDL o kēia manawa, ka mōʻaukala ʻohana o ka maʻi cardiovascular, ka momona o ka ʻōpū, a me ke kāne.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea pilikia cardiovascular i nā mea hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia a me nā mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia
Nā kumu pilikia hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia:
– ʻO ka makahiki ma mua o 50 no ke kāne a i ʻole 60 no ka wahine.
- ka moʻolelo pilikino o ka infarction a i ʻole ka hahau ʻana,
– Aia kēia mau mea mua ma ka laina ʻohana mua (nā kaikuahine, nā kaikunāne, ka makua kāne a me ka makuahine) ma mua o 55 makahiki no nā kāne a me 65 no nā wahine.
Nā kumu pilikia hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia:
– haʻahaʻa HDL-C ma lalo o 0,40 g / l,
- ka maʻi diabetes,
- Ke koko kiʻekiʻe,
– ʻO ka puhi paka ʻana inā i haʻalele ʻia ma lalo o 3 mau makahiki.
No ka laʻana, no nā pae cholesterol like:
- ʻO kahi kāne puhi paka he 55 makahiki me ka hypertension e noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka pilikia nui. No laila, pono ʻo ia e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kona pae cholesterol;
- ʻO ka wahine 34 makahiki ʻaʻole puhi a ʻaʻohe koko kiʻekiʻe e manaʻo ʻia he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa: ʻaʻole pono ʻo ia e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kona mau pae cholesterol.
Nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka mālama ʻana i ka cholesterol ma Farani
Hoʻohana nā kauka i ke ʻano o Friedewald no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā pae LDL-C (ʻaʻole hiki ke ana ʻia i ka hana maʻamau i ka lab kūlanakauhale)
LDL-C = CT – (HDL-C + TG / 5) i kalima no ka lita
A laila e nānā mākou i ka papa ma lalo e hoʻoholo ai i nā pahuhopu LDL-C e lawe ʻia e like me nā kumu pilikia pili.
Pehea e pili ana i ka pae triglyceride?
ʻO ka helu o nā triglycerides ʻokoʻa maʻalahi i kēlā me kēia lā, ma muli o ka ʻai. ʻAʻole naʻe i hoʻoholo ka poʻe loea i kahi pahuhopu (ka pae triglyceride kūpono) no ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi puʻuwai. Eia nō naʻe, i ka piʻi ʻana o ka pae triglyceride a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o 1,7 mmol / l (1,5 g / l), he kumu pilikia ia no ka metabolic syndrome. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākouhypertriglyceridemiama luna o 2 g / l.