Contents
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Katran he ʻīlio moana (Sgualus acanthias), akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma lalo o ka inoa "katran". ʻO ka manō ka ʻohana "katranovye" a me ka "katranovye" detachment, ʻo ia kekahi ʻāpana o ka ʻano o nā mano spiny. He ākea ka noho ʻana o ka ʻohana, no ka mea, aia ma nā wai mahana o nā kai a pau o ka honua. I ka manawa like, he mea kupanaha ka hohonu o ka noho ʻana, ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa tausani mika. Hoʻonui nā kānaka i ka lōʻihi a kokoke i 2 mika.
Ka manō: wehewehe
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka manō katran ka mea maʻamau i ʻike ʻia i kēia lā. He nui nā inoa o ka manō, ma muli o ka wahi ʻāina o kona wahi noho. ʻo kahi laʻana:
- Katran maʻamau.
- Manō spiny maʻamau.
- Manō pōkole spiny.
- He manō spiny ihu pōpō.
- Sand katran.
- Katran hema.
- ʻO Marigold.
ʻO ka manō katran kahi mea o ka haʻuki a me ka lawaiʻa kalepa, no ka mea ʻaʻole i loaʻa i kāna ʻiʻo ke ʻala o ka ammonia i loaʻa i nā ʻano manō ʻē aʻe.
Keʻano
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano manō ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke kino o ka manō spiny. Wahi a nā poʻe akamai he nui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia ʻano ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano iʻa nui ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kēia manō a hiki i ka nui ma kahi o 1,8 mau mika, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manō ma mua o ka mika. I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. No ka mea he cartilage ke kumu o ke kino a ʻaʻole iwi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kaumaha, me ka ʻole o ka makahiki.
He kino lōʻihi a lohi ka manō katran, e hiki ai i ka mea ʻaihue ke neʻe maʻalahi a wikiwiki hoʻi i ke kolamu wai. ʻO ka hele ʻana o kahi huelo me nā lobes like ʻole e hiki ai i ka mano ke hana i nā ʻano hana wikiwiki. Ma ke kino o ka manō, ʻike ʻoe i nā unahi placoid liʻiliʻi. ʻO ke kua a me ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao o ka mea ʻaihue he ʻeleʻele hina keʻokeʻo, aʻo kēia mau wahi o ke kino he mau kiko keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi.
Ua ʻike ʻia ka waha o ka manō ma kahi kikoʻī, a ʻo ka lōʻihi mai kona hoʻomaka ʻana a i ka waha he 1,3 paha ka laulā o ka waha ponoʻī. Aia nā maka ma ka mamao hoʻokahi mai ka ʻāpana gill mua, a ua neʻe iki nā puka ihu i ka piko o ka ihu. Ua like ka lōʻihi o nā niho a ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia i kekahi mau lālani ma nā ʻāwae luna a me lalo. ʻOi loa nā niho, e hiki ai i ka manō ke wili i ka meaʻai i ʻāpana liʻiliʻi.
Hana ʻia nā ʻili hope ma ke ʻano he ʻoi ʻoi aku ka ʻoi ma ko lākou kumu. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole kūlike ka nui o ka spine mua i ka nui o nā ʻupena a ʻoi aku ka pōkole, akā ʻo ka lua o ka spine ua aneane like me ke kiʻekiʻe, akā ʻo ka hope hope ʻelua, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi.
hoihoi i ka ike! Ma kahi o uXNUMXbuXNUMXbke poʻo o ka manō katran, ma luna o nā maka, hiki ke ʻike i nā kaʻina pōkole i kapa ʻia nā lobes.
ʻAʻohe ʻili anal ka manō, a nani ka nui o ka pectoral fins, me nā ʻaoʻao concave. Aia ka pelvic fins ma ke kumu, i kuhi ʻia e ka wahi o ka hope hope ʻelua.
ʻO ka manō pōʻino loa. Manō – Katran (lat. Squalus acanthias)
Ka nohona, ka hana
Hoʻokele ka manō katran i nā wahi wai nui o ke kai a me ka moana e mahalo i kona laina ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi. Hiki iā ia ke ʻike i nā haʻalulu liʻiliʻi e hoʻolaha i loko o ke kolamu wai. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia ka manō. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ʻano e nā lua kūikawā i pili pono i ka ʻāʻī o ka iʻa.
Manaʻo ka manō katran i kāna mea pio ma kahi mamao loa. Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona aerodynamic maikaʻi loa o kona kino, hiki i ka predator ke hopu i kekahi kanaka i lalo o ka wai i loko o ka meaʻai. E pili ana i ke kanaka, ʻaʻole pilikia kēia ʻano manō.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o kahi katran
Ma muli o ka ʻike ʻana o nā kānaka ʻepekema, ua hiki ke hoʻokumu i ka hiki i ka manō katran ke ola no ka liʻiliʻi o 25 mau makahiki.
Dimorphism kino
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā wahine mai nā kāne, koe wale ka nui. No laila, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo maikaʻi ʻole ka hōʻike maikaʻi ʻana o ka dimorphism i loko o kēia ʻano. E like me ke kānāwai, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. Inā hiki i nā wahine ke ulu a hiki i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika, a laila ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o hoʻokahi mika. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka manō katran mai nā ʻano manō ʻē aʻe ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi anal fin, me ka nānā ʻole i ke kāne o kēlā me kēia kanaka.
Ka laulā, nā wahi noho
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, he ākea loa ka noho ʻana o kēia mea ʻaihue, no laila hiki ke loaʻa ma nā wahi āpau o ka moana. Loaʻa kēia ʻano manō liʻiliʻi ma ke kahakai ʻo Iapana, Australia, i loko o nā mokupuni ʻo Canary, ma nā wai ʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika a me Greenland, a me Iceland, ma ka Moana Pākīpika a me India.
ʻOi aku ka makemake o kēia mau mea pupule e noho i nā wai mahana, no laila, i loko o nā wai anuanu a me nā wai mehana loa, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kēia mau mea pupule. I ka manawa like, hiki i ka manō katran ke hana i nā neʻe lōʻihi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi! ʻIke ʻia ka manō katran a i ʻole ka ʻīlio kai kokoke i ka ʻili o ka wai i ka pō wale nō a i nā kūlana wale nō inā he +15 degere ka mahana o ka wai.
He maikaʻi kēia ʻano manō i ka wai o ke Kai ʻEleʻele, Okhotsk a me Bering. Makemake ka poʻe ʻaihue e noho kokoke i kahakai, akā i ka wā e ʻimi ana, hiki iā lākou ke ʻau i nā wai ākea. ʻO ke kumu, aia lākou i ka papa lalo o ka wai, e hāʻule ana i kahi hohonu.
ʻai
No ka mea he iʻa predatory ka manō katran, ʻo nā iʻa like ʻole, a me nā crustaceans, ke kumu o kāna ʻai. ʻAi pinepine ka manō i nā cephalopods, a me nā ilo like ʻole e noho ana ma ka lepo lalo.
Aia kekahi mau hihia ke ʻai wale ka manō i ka iʻa a ʻai pū kekahi i ka limu. Hiki iā lākou ke hahai i nā ʻohana iʻa forage ma kahi lōʻihi, e pili ana i ke kahakai ʻo Atlantika o ʻAmelika, a me nā kahakai hikina o ke Kai o Iapana.
He mea nui ia e ʻike! ʻO ka nui o nā manō spiny hiki ke hōʻeha nui i ka lawaiʻa. ʻAi nā mākua i ka ʻupena, a ʻai pū i nā iʻa i hāʻule i ka ʻupena a i ʻole ma nā makau.
I ka wā anuanu, iho nā ʻōpio, a me nā pākeke, i ka hohonu a hiki i 200 mika, e hana ana i nā ʻohana he nui. Ma keʻano he kūlana, ma kahi hohonu e loaʻa ana keʻano o ka mahana wela a me ka nui o ka meaʻai, ma keʻano o ka mackerel lio a me ka anchovy. Ke mahana a wela paha ma waho, hiki i ka katrans ke ʻimi i ka keokeo ma nā ʻohana holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka hoʻohua ʻana a me ka hānau ʻana
ʻO ka manō katran, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā iʻa iwi he nui, he iʻa viviparous, no laila e hoʻomomona ʻia i loko o ka iʻa. Ma hope o ka pāʻani pāʻani, kahi i kahi hohonu o 40 mau mika, ʻike ʻia nā hua ulu i loko o ke kino o nā wahine, aia i loko o nā capsules kūikawā. Hiki i kēlā me kēia capsule ke loaʻa mai 3 a 15 mau hua, me ka awelika anawaena a hiki i 40 mm.
He wā lōʻihi ke kaʻina hana o ka hānau ʻana, no laila hiki ke hāpai ʻia mai 18 a 22 mau mahina. Ma mua o ka hānau ʻana o ka palai, koho ka manō i kahi kūpono, ʻaʻole mamao loa mai ke kahakai. Hānau ka wahine i 6 a 29 fry, a hiki i 25 knm ka lōʻihi ma ka awelika. Loaʻa i nā manō ʻōpio nā uhi cartilaginous kūikawā ma nā spines, no laila i ka hānau ʻana ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻeha i ka wahine. Ma hope koke iho o ka hānau ʻana, nalo wale kēia mau pū.
Ma hope o ka hānau hou ʻana, hoʻomaka nā hua hou e oʻo i loko o nā ovaries o ka wahine.
I loko o nā wai anuanu, hānau ʻia nā manō katran ʻōpiopio ma waena o ka pūnāwai; i loko o ka wai o ke Kai o Iapana, hana kēia hana i ka hopena o ʻAukake. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ʻai mau ka manō no kekahi manawa i nā mea o loko o ka ʻeke yolk, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ka nui o nā meaʻai.
He mea nui ia e ʻike! He ʻono loa nā manō ʻōpiopio, no ka mea, pono lākou i ka ikehu e hanu ai. Ma keia mea, opiopio katrans ale i ka ai aneane mau.
Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻomaka ka palai manō e ola kūʻokoʻa a loaʻa i kā lākou meaʻai ponoʻī. Ma hope o ʻumikūmākahi mau makahiki o ke ola ʻana, lilo nā kāne o ka katran i ka wahine i ka wā i hiki ai ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino ma kahi o 80 knm. No nā wahine, hiki iā lākou ke hānai ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapa, ke hiki lākou i ka lōʻihi o kahi 1 mika.
Manō katran. Nā iʻa o ke Kai ʻEleʻele. Squalus acanthias.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano manō a pau ma muli o ke ʻano o ka naʻauao, ka mana maoli a me ka maalea o ka mea ʻaihue. ʻOiai ʻo ia mau ʻoiaʻiʻo, he mau ʻenemi maoli ka manō katran, ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka hoʻopunipuni. ʻO kekahi o nā mea ʻaihue weliweli loa e noho nei ma nā kai o ka honua, ʻo ia ke koholā pepehi kanaka. He mana koʻikoʻi ka nui o kēia manō e ke kanaka, a me ka iʻa hedgehog. Ke hāʻule nei kēia iʻa i loko o ka waha o ka manō, kū i kona ʻāʻī a paʻa i laila me ke kōkua o kona mau nila. ʻO ka hopena, alakaʻi kēia i ka pōloli o kēia predator.
Ka heluna kanaka a me ke kūlana ʻano
ʻO ka manō katran ka ʻelele o ka honua lalo, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia e kekahi mea i kēia mau lā. A ʻo kēia, ʻoiai ʻo ka manō he mea pāʻoihana. I loko o ke ake o ka manō, ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema i kahi mea hiki ke hoʻopakele i ke kanaka mai kekahi ʻano oncology.
Nā Waiwai Pono
ʻO ka ʻiʻo, ka ate a me ka cartilage o ka manō katran he nui nā mea pono e loaʻa ai ka hopena maikaʻi i ka hana o nā ʻōpū o loko o ke kanaka. Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole kēia mau mea he panacea.
I ka ʻiʻo a me ke ake, aia ka nui o ka Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, he hopena maikaʻi i ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular a me ka ʻōnaehana circulatory. ʻO ka Omega-3 fatty acids e kōkua i ka hōʻemi i ka hopena o ka maʻi puʻuwai, e hoʻemi i ka hopena o nā kaʻina hana inflammatory, hoʻoulu i ka ʻōnaehana immune, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. nā polokina maʻalahi hiki ke digestible.
Hōʻike ʻia ka momona o ka katrans e ka nui o nā huaora "A" a me "D". ʻOi aku ka nui o lākou i ka ate manō ma mua o ka ate cod. Hāʻawi ka hele ʻana o nā alkylglycerides i ka modulation immune o ke kino, e hoʻonui ana i kona kūʻē ʻana i nā maʻi a me nā maʻi fungal. No ka manawa mua, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka squalene mai ka ate manō, e komo ana i nā kaʻina metabolic o ke kino a hāpai i ka haki ʻana o ka cholesterol. Aia ka ʻiʻo cartilaginous o ka manō katran i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka collagen a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui. ʻO nā hoʻomākaukau i hana ʻia ma ke kumu o nā ʻiʻo cartilaginous e kōkua i ka hakakā ʻana i nā maʻi o nā hui, arthritis, osteochondrosis, a no ka pale ʻana i ke ʻano o nā neoplasms malignant.
Ma waho aʻe o nā pōmaikaʻi, hiki i ka manō katran, a i ʻole kāna ʻiʻo, hiki ke hōʻeha i ke kanaka. ʻO ka mea mua, inā ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo o kēia manō, a ʻo ka lua, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau no nā mea ʻaihue moana lōʻihi, aia ka ʻiʻo i ka mercury, e kaupalena ana i ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo no nā ʻano o nā kānaka. nā wahine hāpai a me nā wahine hānai, nā keiki liʻiliʻi , nā ʻelemakule, a me nā poʻe nāwaliwali ma muli o kahi maʻi nui.
i ka hopena
Ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he manō ikaika a nui loa, ala mai nā hui maikaʻi ʻole i ka haʻi ʻana iā lākou a noʻonoʻo ke kanaka i ka waha nui, i kāhi maoli ʻia me nā niho ʻoi e mākaukau e haehae i nā mea pio. ʻO ka manō katran, he mea ʻaihue ʻaʻole ia i hoʻouka i ke kanaka, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia iā ia. I ka manawa like, he meaʻai waiwai nui ia, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i nā mea ʻai like ʻole.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ʻo nā ʻāpana āpau o ke kino e ʻike i ko lākou hoʻohana. Ua uhi ʻia ka ʻili o ka manō i nā unahi ʻoi, no laila hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i nā huahana lāʻau. Inā hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻili me ka ʻenehana kūikawā, a laila loaʻa iā ia ke ʻano o ka shagreen kaulana, a ma hope o ka hana ʻana i nā huahana like ʻole. He ʻono ka ʻiʻo Katran no ka mea ʻaʻole ʻono ʻo ia i ka amonia inā i moʻa pono ʻia. No laila, hiki ke paʻi ʻia ka ʻiʻo, hoʻolapalapa ʻia, kālua ʻia, marinated, puhi, a pēlā aku. Hoʻohana pū ʻia nā hua manō, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka yolk ma mua o nā hua moa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i ka ʻiʻo manō i loko o ke ʻano canned, frozen a i ʻole hou.