ʻO Arapaima: he wehewehe i ka iʻa me ke kiʻi, he aha kāna ʻai, pehea ka lōʻihi o kona ola ʻana

Manaʻo ka poʻe loea he hoa maoli ka iʻa arapaima o nā dinosaur i ola a hiki i kēia lā. Manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole i loli iki i nā makahiki he 135 miliona i hala. Noho kēia iʻa kupaianaha ma nā muliwai a me nā loko o ʻAmelika Hema ma ka ʻāpana equatorial. Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā iʻa wai nui loa o ka honua, no ka mea he haʻahaʻa iki ka nui i kekahi mau ʻano beluga.

ʻO ka iʻa Arapaima: wehewehe

No ka ʻohana ʻAravan ʻo Arapaima a ʻo ia ke ʻano like me ka ʻAravan. Loaʻa kēia iʻa nunui ma nā wahi ʻoluʻolu, kahi e mahana ai. Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he thermophilic loa kēia iʻa, ʻike ʻia kēia mea ola e kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona kūikawā. ʻO Arapaima gigas ka inoa ʻepekema.

Keʻano

Hiki i kēia ʻelele nui o nā kahawai a me nā loko ke ulu a hiki i 2 mau mika ka lōʻihi, ʻoiai aia kekahi mau ʻano like ʻole e ulu a hiki i 3 mau mika ka lōʻihi. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ʻia ka ʻike, akā, e like me ka poʻe ʻike maka, aia kekahi poʻe a hiki i ka 5 mika ka lōʻihi, a ʻoi aku paha. Ua hopu ʻia kekahi mea hoʻohālike ma kahi o 200 kg. ʻO ke kino o ka arapaima he lōʻihi a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma kahi kokoke i ke poʻo, ʻoiai ua palahalaha iki ma nā ʻaoʻao. Heʻuʻuku ke poʻo, akā elongated.

Ua mānoanoa ke ʻano o ka iwi poʻo mai luna mai, ʻoiai ʻo nā maka e pili kokoke ana i ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka waha, a ʻo ka waha liʻiliʻi ma kahi kokoke i luna. He huelo ikaika loa ko ka arapaima, e kokua ana i ka i'a e lele kiekie mailoko mai o ka wai i ka wa e alualu ai ka mea ai. Ua uhi ʻia ke kino ma luna o ka ʻili holoʻokoʻa me nā unahi multi-layered, he nui ka nui, kahi e hana ai i kahi hoʻomaha i ke kino. Hoʻomalu ʻia ke poʻo o ka predator e nā papa iwi ma ke ʻano o kahi hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa.

ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi! He ikaika loa ka unahi o ka arapaima a ua oi aku ka ikaika o ka iwi. No kēia kumu, ʻike maʻalahi ka iʻa i loko o nā kino wai me nā piranhas, ʻaʻole lākou e ʻaʻa e hoʻouka iā ia.

Hoʻonoho haʻahaʻa ka pectoral fi o ka iʻa, kokoke i ka ʻōpū. He lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka ʻūhā anal a me ka hope hope a ua kokoke loa i ka peʻa. ʻO ia hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā ʻūhā e hiki ai i nā iʻa ikaika a ikaika ke neʻe wikiwiki i loko o ke kolamu wai, e hopu ana i nā mea pio.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻaoʻao mua o ke kino e ka ʻoliva-ʻulaʻula a me kahi ʻulaʻula, e hoʻololi mālie i kahi ʻulaʻula ma kahi o nā fins unpaired, a loaʻa i kahi ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ma ka pae o ka huelo. I kēia hihia, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka huelo e kahi palena ʻeleʻele ākea. He ʻulaʻula nō hoʻi ka uhi o nā gill. Ua ulu nui kēia ʻano i ka dimorphism moe kolohe: ʻokoʻa ʻia nā kāne e ke kino ʻoi aku ka holo a me ke kala ʻulaʻula, akā he mea maʻamau kēia no ka poʻe makua kāne. Kokoke like a me ka monotonous nā kala ʻōpio, me ka nānā ʻole i ke kāne.

ʻO ke ʻano, ka nohona

Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo Arapaima i kahi nohona benthic, akā i ke kaʻina o ka hahai holoholona hiki ke piʻi i luna o ka wai. No ka mea he mea ʻaihue nunui kēia, pono ia i ka ikehu nui. No keia mea, he mea pono ke hoomaopopoia, e oni mau ana ka arapaima, e imi ana i mea ai nona iho. He mea ʻaihue ikaika ʻaʻole ia e hahai mai ka uhi. Ke alualu ka arapaima i kāna mea pio, hiki iā ia ke lele i waho o ka wai i kona lōʻihi piha, a ʻoi aku paha. Mahalo i kēia manawa kūpono, hiki iā ia ke ʻimi ʻaʻole i ka iʻa wale nō, akā, ʻo nā holoholona a me nā manu i hiki ke hiki i kahi predator.

ʻIke hoihoi! Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pharynx a me ka ʻauʻau ʻauʻau o kahi predator e ka nui o nā kīʻaha koko, e like me nā pūnaewele i ke ʻano. Hoʻohālikelike kēia ʻano me ke ʻano o ka ʻiʻo māmā.

Ma kēia mea, hiki iā mākou ke noʻonoʻo pono he ʻano hanu ʻē aʻe ka arapaima, he mea nui loa ia i nā kūlana paʻakikī o ke ola. ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki i kēia mea ʻaihue ke hanu i ka ea. Mahalo i kēia hanana, ola maʻalahi ka iʻa i ka wā maloʻo.

Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, liʻiliʻi pinepine nā kino wai i nā tropics, ma muli o ka maloʻo e hoʻololi ana i ka wā ua, a nui loa. Ma lalo o ia ʻano, ʻeli ka arapaima i loko o ka lepo maʻemaʻe a i ʻole ke one, akā ma hope o kekahi manawa ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻili e ale i ka ea hou. Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ua hui pū ʻia kēlā mau puʻu me ka leo nui e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia no nā ʻumi a i ʻole mau haneli mau mika, inā ʻaʻole mau kilomita.

ʻO ka manawa pinepine e mālama ʻia kēia predator i ke pio, ʻoiai e ulu ana ka iʻa i loko o ia mau kūlana a hiki i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika, ʻaʻole hou. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻaʻole hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻo Arapaima he mea hoʻonaninani, a ʻoi aku hoʻi, he iʻa aquarium, ʻoiai aia nā mea aloha e kū nei i nā pilikia he nui.

Hiki ke ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo Arapaima i loko o nā zoos a i ʻole nā ​​aquarium, ʻoiai ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka mālama ʻana i ia mau kūlana, no ka mea, lawe nui ia i kahi ākea, a pono e mālama i ka mahana ma kahi pae ʻoluʻolu no ka iʻa. He thermophilic kēia iʻa a ʻoluʻolu ʻole ʻoiai ke hāʻule ka mahana ma lalo o ka mea maikaʻi loa, ma nā degere ʻelua. Eia nō naʻe, mālama kekahi poʻe aquarists i kēia mea predator kūʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka like me ka crocodile, akā ʻaʻohe lālā.

Pehea ka loihi o ka noho ana o Arapaima

I kēia lā, ʻaʻohe ʻike hilinaʻi e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana o ka arapaima ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe. I ka manawa like, ʻike ʻia ka lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana o kēia mau mea ʻokoʻa i kahi ʻano hana. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, hiki i ka iʻa ke ola a hiki i 20 mau makahiki. Ma muli o ia mau ʻikepili, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia i loko o nā kūlana kūlohelohe hiki iā lākou ke ola lōʻihi, a lōʻihi paha. E like me ke kānāwai, i nā kūlana artificial, noho liʻiliʻi nā kānaka maoli.

nā nohona kūlohelohe

Noho ʻia kēia mea ola kū hoʻokahi ma ke kahawai ʻo Amazon. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka arapaima i nā kino wai o Thailand a me Malaysia.

No ko lākou ola, koho ka iʻa i nā kahawai, a me nā loko, kahi e ulu ai ka nui o nā mea kanu wai. Hiki ke loaʻa iā ia i loko o nā waihona wai wai, me ka mahana o ka wai a hiki i +28 degere, a ʻoi aku paha.

hoihoi i ka ike! I ka wā o ka ua, ʻike ʻia ka arapaima i nā ululāʻau waikahe. Ke kahe ka wai, hoʻi ia i nā kahawai a me nā loko.

ʻai

ʻO Arapaima kahi mea ʻaihue ʻoi loa, ʻo ke kumu o ka ʻai ʻana he iʻa kūpono. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole e haʻalele ka mea ʻaihue i ka manawa i ʻole e hoʻouka i nā manu a i ʻole nā ​​​​holoholona liʻiliʻi i kau ma luna o nā lālā lāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea kanu ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā ʻōpio o ka arapaima, ʻaʻole i emi iki ka ʻai ʻana a me ka heluhelu ʻole i ka ʻai. Hoʻouka lākou i kēlā me kēia mea ola i loko o kā lākou ʻike, ʻo nā nahesa liʻiliʻi.

ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi! He kīʻaha punahele ko ka arapaima, ma ke ʻano o kona ʻohana ʻohana ʻohana, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi ʻāpana o nā Araba.

I nā hihia kahi i mālama ʻia ai kēia predator i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hāʻawi ʻia ia i kahi meaʻai ʻokoʻa loa o nā kumu holoholona. ʻO Arapaima, ma ke ʻano he lula, ʻimi i ka neʻe ʻana, no laila e hoʻolele mau ʻia nā iʻa liʻiliʻi i loko o ka aquarium. No ka poʻe mākua, hoʻokahi hānai ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā ua lawa, a pono e ʻai nā ʻōpio ma kahi o 3 mau manawa i ka lā. Inā ʻaʻole hānai ʻia kēia mea ʻaihue i ka manawa kūpono, a laila hiki iā ia ke hoʻouka i kona ʻohana.

ʻO ka hoʻohua ʻana a me ka hānau ʻana

Ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i nā makahiki ʻelima a me ka lōʻihi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika, ua mākaukau nā wahine e hana i nā hua. Hana ʻia ka hoʻoulu ʻana ma Pepeluali a i ʻole Malaki. Hoʻomoe ka wahine i nā hua i loko o kahi puʻupuʻu i hana ʻia ma lalo o ka waihona i mua, a ʻo ka lalo he one. Ma mua o ke kaʻina hana ʻana, hoʻi ʻo ia i kahi i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, ʻo ia ka puʻuwai mai ka 50 a 80 cm, me ke kāne. Hāʻawi ka wahine i nā hua nui, a na ke kāne e hānai iā lākou. Ma hope o ʻelua mau lā, ʻike ʻia ka pala mai nā hua. I kēia manawa a pau, mai ka wā hānau ʻana, mālama nā mākua i ka pūnana. Aia mau ke kane ma kahi kokoke a hanai i ka palai. Aia nō hoʻi ka wahine ma kahi kokoke, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua mau ʻumi mika.

hoihoi i ka ike! Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, kokoke mau ka palai i ke kāne. Ma kahi kokoke i nā maka o ke kāne, aia nā ʻeleʻele kūikawā e hūnā i kahi mea keʻokeʻo kūikawā e ʻai ai ka palai. Eia kekahi, hoʻopuka ka waiwai i kahi ʻala ʻala e hoʻomau i ka palai kokoke i ke kāne.

Loaʻa koke ka paona a ulu, hoʻohui i kēlā me kēia mahina a hiki i 5 cm ka lōʻihi a hiki i 100 grams ke paona. Ma hope o hoʻokahi pule, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo he poʻe predator ka fry, ʻoiai e hoʻomaka ana lākou e kiʻi kūʻokoʻa i ka meaʻai no lākou iho. I ka wā mua o ko lākou ulu ʻana, ʻo kā lākou meaʻai he zooplankton a me nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi. I ko lākou ulu ʻana, hoʻomaka ka poʻe ʻōpio e alualu i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe o nā holoholona.

ʻOiai ʻo ia mau ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻomau nā mākua i ka nānā ʻana i kā lākou mau keiki no 3 mau mahina. Wahi a ka poʻe ʻepekema, ʻo kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka manawa o ka poʻe ʻōpio i kēia manawa e hiki ai iā lākou ke hanu i ka ea lewa, a ʻo ka hana a nā mākua ke aʻo iā lākou i kēia hiki.

He enemi maoli o arapaima

Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kino, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka arapaima. No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka hilinaʻi o kēlā me kēia kanaka, ʻoiai nā ʻōpio, ʻaʻole hiki i nā piranhas ke nahu ma ia. Aia nā hōʻike e hiki ai i nā alligator ke hoʻouka i kēia predator. Akā, ʻike ʻia ka arapaima e kona mana a me ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ʻana, a laila hiki i nā alligators ke hopu wale i nā maʻi a me ka hana ʻole, a me nā poʻe mālama ʻole.

A he ʻenemi koʻikoʻi kēia mea ʻaihue - he kanaka manaʻo liʻiliʻi kēia e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana, akā ola wale nō no hoʻokahi lā.

Waiwai lawaiʻa

ʻO ka poʻe India e noho ana ma ka Amazon, ua ola lākou no nā kenekulia he nui i ka ʻiʻo o ka arapaima. Ua kapa ʻia kēia iʻa he "iʻa ʻulaʻula" ka poʻe kamaʻāina o ʻAmelika Hema no ka mea he ʻulaʻula-ʻalani kona ʻiʻo, a me nā hōʻailona like ma ke kino o ka iʻa.

hoihoi i ka ike! Ua hopu nā kama'āina o Amazon i kēia iʻa no nā kenekulia he nui me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi ʻano hana. ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua hahai lākou i kā lākou mea pio ma ke ʻano kanikau i ka wā i piʻi ai ka iʻa i luna o ka wai e hanu i ka ea hou. I ka manawa like, ʻike ʻia kahi iʻa e piʻi ai i luna ma kahi mamao loa. Ma hope o ia mea, hiki iā lākou ke pepehi i ka mea ʻaihue me ka harpoon a i ʻole hopu ʻia me ka ʻupena.

He ʻono a momona ka ʻiʻo Arapaima, ʻoiai ʻo kona mau iwi i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia lā e ka poʻe connoisseurs o ka lāʻau lapaʻau India. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana ʻia nā iwi no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hale, a hoʻohana ʻia nā unahi e hana i nā faila kui. Ke makemake nui nei kēia mau huahana a pau i waena o nā malihini mākaʻikaʻi. He waiwai nui ka ʻiʻa iʻa, no laila ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe ma nā mākeke o ʻAmelika Hema. Ma muli o kēia, aia kahi pāpā kūhelu i ka hopu ʻana i kēia mea hoʻohiwahiwa kūʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole ia e emi iho ka waiwai a makemake nui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea lawaiʻa kūloko.

Ka heluna kanaka a me ke kūlana ʻano

I loko o nā makahiki he 100 i hala iho nei, ua emi nui ka heluna o nā arapaima ma muli o ka hoʻomalu ʻole ʻia a me ka ʻōnaehana lawaiʻa, ʻoi aku me ka ʻupena. Ma keʻano he kūlana, ua hanaʻia ka hahai holoholona nui i nā poʻe nui, no ka mea, he mea nui ka nui. Ma muli o ka hana hewa ʻana o ke kanaka i loko o nā loko o ka Amazon, he paʻakikī ke ʻike i nā poʻe e ulu ana a hiki i 2 mika ka lōʻihi, a ʻoi aku paha. Ma kekahi mau wahi wai, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka hopu ʻana i ka arapaima, ʻoiai ʻaʻole mālama ʻia kēia mau pāpā e nā kamaʻāina a me nā poʻe ʻaihue, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pāpā ʻia ka poʻe India e hopu i kēia iʻa e hānai iā lākou iho. A ʻo kēia ka mea ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻiʻo waiwai o kēia predator. Inā i hopu ʻia ka arapaima e ka poʻe India, e like me ko lākou mau kūpuna no nā kenekulia he nui, a laila ʻaʻohe pilikia, akā ʻo nā hana a nā poʻe ʻaihue e hōʻino nui i ka nui o kēia iʻa kūʻokoʻa.

Eia nō naʻe, makemake nui ka wā e hiki mai ana o kēia iʻa kūʻokoʻa i kekahi poʻe mahiʻai Brazil i makemake e mālama i ka nui o nā arapaima. Ua hoʻomohala lākou i kahi ʻano hana a loaʻa iā lākou ka ʻae mai ke aupuni e hoʻohua i kēia ʻano i loko o kahi ʻano hana. Ma hope o kēlā, ua hoʻokō lākou i ka hopu ʻana i kekahi mau kānaka i loko o ke kaiapuni kūlohelohe, a neʻe lākou iā lākou i nā loko i hana ʻia. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka pahuhopu e hoʻopiha i ka mākeke me ka ʻiʻo o kēia ʻano, i ulu ʻia i loko o ke pio, pono e alakaʻi i ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka hopu ʻana o ka arapaima i nā kūlana kūlohelohe.

ʻIke koʻikoʻi! A hiki i kēia lā, ʻaʻohe ʻike kikoʻī e pili ana i ka nui o kēia ʻano, a ʻaʻohe ʻikepili e pili ana i ka emi ʻana o ia mea, e paʻakikī ana i ke kaʻina hana hoʻoholo. ʻO kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo ma muli o ka noho ʻana o ka iʻa ma nā wahi paʻakikī i ka Amazon. Ma kēiaʻano, ua hāʻawiʻia kēiaʻano i ke kūlana "ʻAʻole lawa kaʻike".

ʻO Arapaima, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, he mea ʻē, a ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, he mea kupanaha, ʻo ia ka hōʻailona o ke au o nā dinosaurs. ʻO ia ka manaʻo o ka poʻe ʻepekema. Ma ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe kēia mea ʻino e noho ana i ka pā ʻo Amazon. Me he mea lā e hele i waho ka nui o kēia mea hoʻohiwahiwa kū hoʻokahi a pono ke kanaka e hana i nā mea e hoʻonui ai i kēia helu ma kekahi pae ma o ka lawe ʻana i nā hopu i hoʻolālā ʻia. He kū'ē loa ke kiʻi a pono e hana ke kanaka e mālama i ka nui o kēia iʻa. No laila, he mea pono e hoʻohua i kēia predator i ke pio. Pehea ka holomua o keia mau hoao ana, na ka manawa wale no e hoike mai.

i ka hopena

He wahi kupaianaha ka Amazon ma ko kākou honua a ʻaʻole i ʻike piha ʻia a hiki i kēia manawa. A ʻo kēia mau mea ma muli o ka paʻakikī o kēia mau wahi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻōki i ka poachers ma kekahi ʻano. Ke waiho nei kēia kumu i ka manaʻo nui i ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano he nui, me ka arapaima. He mea maʻamau ka hui ʻana i nā pilikua kūlohelohe ma kēia ʻāpana o ke ao. Wahi a ka poʻe lawaiʻa kūloko, aia kekahi poʻe a hiki i 5 mau mika ka lōʻihi, ʻoiai i ko mākou manawa he mea maʻamau kēia. I ka makahiki 1978, ua hopu ʻia kahi mea hoʻohālike ma Rio Negro, kokoke i 2,5 mika ka lōʻihi a ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma kahi o 150 kilokani.

No nā kenekulia he nui, ʻo ka ʻiʻo arapaima ke kumu nui o ka meaʻai. E hoʻomaka ana i ka makahiki 1960, ua hoʻomaka ka luku nui ʻia o nā ʻano: pepehi ʻia nā pākeke me nā harpoons, a hopu ʻia nā mea liʻiliʻi i nā ʻupena. ʻOiai ka pāpā ʻia ʻana, hoʻomau ʻia ka hopu ʻia ʻana o kēia mea ʻaihue e nā lawaiʻa kūloko a me nā poʻe ʻaihue. ʻAʻole kēia he mea kupanaha, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka 1 kg o ka ʻiʻo arapaima ma ka mākeke honua ma mua o ka uku mahina o nā lawaiʻa kūloko. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka ʻono o ka ʻiʻo arapaima ke hoʻokūkū wale me ka ʻono o ka salmon. ʻO kēia mau kumu ke kumu e koi ai i nā kānaka e uhaki i ke kānāwai.