Salmon (Atlantic salmon): ka wehewehe ʻana i ka iʻa, kahi e noho ai, he aha kāna ʻai, pehea ka lōʻihi o kona ola ʻana.

Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Salmon ʻo ka salmon noble Atlantika. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa "salmon" i kēia iʻa e Pomors, a ua hoʻolaha ka poʻe Norewai i ka inoa o ia inoa ma ʻEulopa.

ʻO ka iʻa Salmon: wehewehe

He mea hoihoi loa ka Salmon (Salmo salar) i nā lawaiʻa. No ka i'a i'a ka i'a ka'alani 'Akelanika a 'o ia ka 'ano "salmon" a me ka 'ohana "salmon". ʻO ka poʻe ʻepekema, ma muli o ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi loiloi biochemical o ka salmon ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa, ua hōʻea i ka hopena he mau subspecies ʻē aʻe kēia a ʻike ʻia lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo "S. Salar americanus" a me "S. uku uku”. Eia kekahi, aia kekahi mea e like me ka salmon migratory a me ka loko (waiwai) salmon. Ua manaʻo mua ʻia ka salmon lake ma ke ʻano he ʻano ʻokoʻa, a i ko mākou manawa ua hāʻawi ʻia i kahi ʻano kūikawā - "Salmo salar morpha sebago".

ʻO nā ana a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻelele a pau o ka salmon e ka waha nui, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻāʻī o luna e hoʻonui ʻia ma mua o ka nānā ʻana o nā maka. ʻO ka ʻelemakule o ke kanaka, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā niho. Loaʻa i nā kāne oʻo i ka moekolohe he makau ʻike ʻia ma ka piko o ka iwi ā lalo, e komo ana i loko o ka puʻu o ka iwi ā luna. ʻO ke kino o ka iʻa he lōʻihi a ʻano hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma hope, ʻoiai ua uhi ʻia me nā unahi kālā liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole lākou e pili pono i ke kino a maʻalahi hoʻi e ʻili. He ʻano poepoe ko lākou a me nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole. Ma ka laina ʻaoʻao, hiki iā ʻoe ke helu i nā unahi 150 a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi iki. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻili pelvic mai nā kukuna ʻoi aku ma mua o 6. Aia lākou ma waenakonu o ke kino, a aia nā ʻūhā pectoral mai ka laina waena.

He mea nui ia e ʻike! ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kēia iʻa he ʻelele o ka ʻohana "salmon" hiki ke ʻike ʻia e kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, aia ma hope o ka hope hope. He liʻiliʻi ko ka peʻa huelo.

He keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū o ka salmon, ʻo nā ʻaoʻao he kālā, a ʻo ke kua he uliuli a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha me ka ʻulaʻula. E hoʻomaka ana mai ka laina ʻaoʻao a kokoke i ke kua, ʻike ʻia nā wahi ʻeleʻele like ʻole ma ke kino. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻohe kiko ma lalo o ka laina lateral.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka salmon ʻōpio Atlantika e kahi kala kikoʻī: ma kahi ʻeleʻele, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike a hiki i 12 mau kiko ma ke kino. Ma mua o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, hoʻololi nui nā kāne i ko lākou kala a loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻulaʻula a ʻalani paha, e kū ana i ke kua o kahi hue keleawe, a loaʻa nā ʻili i nā ʻano like ʻole. I loko o ka wā o ka hānau ʻana e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka ʻāwae haʻahaʻa i loko o nā kāne a ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka makau.

Inā lawa ka lako meaʻai, hiki i kēlā me kēia kanaka ke ulu a hiki i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika ka lōʻihi a kokoke i 50 kg ke kaumaha. I ka manawa like, hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka nui o ka loko salmon ma nā kahawai like ʻole. I kekahi mau muliwai, loaʻa iā lākou ke kaumaha ma mua o 5 kg, a ma nā mea ʻē aʻe, ma kahi o 9 kg.

I loko o nā kīʻaha o ke Kai Keʻokeʻo a me Barents, ʻike ʻia nā ʻelele nui o kēia ʻohana a me nā mea liʻiliʻi, ke kaupaona ʻana a hiki i 2 kg a ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 0,5 mika ka lōʻihi.

Ka nohona, ka hana

Wahi a ka poʻe loea, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka salmon i nā ʻano anadromous hiki ke noho i loko o ka wai hou a me ka wai paʻakai. I loko o nā wai paʻakai o nā kai a me nā moana, momona ka salmon Atlantika, e ʻai ana i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā crustaceans like ʻole. I loko o kēia wā, aia ka ulu ikaika o nā kānaka, ʻoiai e piʻi ana ka nui o ka iʻa ma 20 knm i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

Aia ka poʻe ʻōpio i ke kai a me ka moana no kahi kokoke i 3 mau makahiki, a hiki i ke oʻo ʻana i ka moekolohe. I ka manawa like, makemake lākou e noho ma ke kahakai, ma kahi hohonu o 120 mika. Ma mua o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, hele ka poʻe i mākaukau no ka spawning i nā nuku o nā kahawai, a laila piʻi lākou i luna, lanakila i kēlā me kēia lā a hiki i 50 mau kilomita.

ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi! Ma waena o nā ʻelele o ka "salmon" aia nā ʻano dwarf e noho mau ana i nā kahawai a ʻaʻole hele i ke kai. Hoʻopili ʻia ke ʻano o kēia ʻano me ka wai anuanu a me ka meaʻai maikaʻi ʻole, e alakaʻi ana i ka pale ʻana i ke kaʻina o ka maturation iʻa.

Hoʻokaʻawale ka poʻe loea ma waena o ka lacustrine a me nā ʻano puna o ka salmon Atlantika, ma muli o ka wā o ka wā ʻōpio. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia me ka wā hoʻohua: hoʻokahi ʻano i ka hāʻule ʻana a ʻo kekahi i ka pūnāwai. Noho ʻo Lake Salmon, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui, noho i nā loko ʻākau, e like me Onega a me Ladoga. I loko o nā loko, hānai ikaika lākou, akā no ka hānai ʻana, hele lākou i nā kahawai e kahe ana i loko o kēia mau loko.

Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o ka salmon

Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ola ka salmon Atlantika ma mua o 6 mau makahiki, akā i ka hihia o ka hui pū ʻana o nā mea maikaʻi, hiki iā lākou ke ola i 2 mau manawa lōʻihi, a hiki i ka aneane 12,5 mau makahiki.

Ka laulā, nā wahi noho

He iʻa ʻo Salmon e kaena ana i kahi noho ākea loa e uhi ana i ka ʻĀkelanika ʻākau a me ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka Moana Arctic. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻāina ʻAmelika e ka noho salmon, me ke kahakai ʻo ʻAmelika mai ka muliwai ʻo Connecticut, kahi kokoke loa i nā latitu hema, a hiki i Greenland ponoʻī. Hāpai ʻia ka salmon Atlantika ma nā muliwai he nui ma ʻEulopa, mai Pokukala a me Sepania a hiki i ke kai Barents. Loaʻa nā ʻano salmon i loko o nā kino wai o Suedena, Norewai, Finland, etc.

Noho ʻo Lake Salmon i nā waihona wai hou ma Karelia a ma ka Kola Peninsula. Hālāwai ʻo ia:

• Ma nā loko Kuito (Lower, Middle and Upper).
• Ma Segozero a me Vygozero.
• Ma Imandra a me Kamenny.
• Ma Topozero a me Pyaozero.
• Ma Lake Nyuk a me Sandal.
• Ma Lovozero, Pyukozero a me Kimasozero.
• Ma nā loko o Ladoga a me Onega.
• Lake Janisjarvi.

I ka manawa like, hopu ikaika ʻia ka salmon i loko o ka wai o ka Baltic a me ke Kai Keʻokeʻo, ma ka muliwai Pechora, a me ke kahakai o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Murmansk.

Wahi a ka IUCN, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi mau ʻano i loko o ka wai o Australia, New Zealand, Argentina a me Chile.

ʻAi Salmon

Manaʻo ʻia ka iʻa Salmon he predator maʻamau, e hāʻawi iā ia iho i nā meaʻai ma ke kai kiʻekiʻe. E like me ke kānāwai, ʻaʻole iʻa nui ke kumu o ka meaʻai, akā he mau ʻelele pū kekahi o nā invertebrates. No laila, ʻo ka ʻai o ka salmon ka:

• Sprat, herring a me herring.
• Gerbil a honi.
• Krill a me nā echinoderms.
• ʻO ka pāpaʻi a me ka ʻōpae.
• ʻEkolu wili smelt (representative of fresh water).

ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi! Hānai ʻia ʻo Salmon, i ulu ʻia i nā kūlana kūlohelohe. Ma muli o kēia, loaʻa ka ʻiʻo o ka iʻa i kahi hue ʻulaʻula ikaika.

Ke komo nei ka samona ʻAkelanika i nā muliwai a ke poʻo nei i ka hānai ʻana. ʻO ka poʻe i hiki ʻole i ke ʻano o ka moekolohe a ʻaʻole i hele i ke kai e hānai ana i ka zooplankton, nā larvae o nā mea ʻokoʻa like ʻole, caddisfly larvae, etc.

ʻO ka hoʻohua ʻana a me ka hānau ʻana

Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka mahina o Kepakemapa a hoʻopau i Dekemaba. No ka hānai ʻana, koho ka iʻa i nā wahi kūpono ma uka o nā kahawai. ʻO ke poʻo Salmon no ka hoʻohua ʻana e lanakila i nā ʻano pilikia a pau, a me ka ikaika o ke au. I ka manawa like, lanakila ʻo ia i nā wikiwiki a me nā wailele liʻiliʻi, e lele ana ma kahi o 3 mau mika mai ka wai.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka salmon e neʻe i ka uka o nā muliwai, ua lawa ka ikaika a me ka ikaika, akā i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana i nā kahua hoʻohua, ua pau kona ikehu a pau, akā ua lawa kēia ikehu e ʻeli i ka lua a hiki i 3 mika ka lōʻihi ma ka lalo a waiho i ka caviar. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻomomona ke kāne a hiki i ka wahine ke hoʻolei wale i nā hua me ka lepo lalo.

hoihoi i ka ike! Ma muli o ka makahiki, waiho nā wahine salmon mai 10 a 26 mau hua, me ka awelika anawaena o aneane 5 mm. Hiki i ka Salmon ke hoʻoulu i 5 mau manawa i ko lākou ola.

Ma ke kaʻina hana hou, pono ka iʻa e pōloli, no laila, hoʻi lākou i ke kai ʻili a ʻeha, a me nā ʻeha ʻeha. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, nui ka poʻe e make i ka luhi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne. Inā hiki i ka iʻa ke komo i loko o ke kai, a laila hoʻihoʻi koke ia i kona ikaika a me kona ikaika, a lilo kona kala i ke kala kala.

Ma keʻano he kūlana,ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka mahana o ka wai ma ka piko o nā muliwai ma mua o +6 degere, kahi e hoʻolohi nui ai i ka uluʻana o nā hua, no laila eʻikeʻia ka'ōpala i ka mahina o Mei. I ka manawa like, ʻokoʻa loa ka fry mai nā pākeke, no laila, i ka manawa hoʻokahi ua kuhi hewa ʻia lākou i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa. Ua kapa ʻia ka poʻe kamaʻāina i ka salmon juvenile "pestryanki", ma muli o ke kala kikoʻī. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kino o ka fry e kahi malu ʻeleʻele, ʻoiai ua hoʻonani ʻia me nā ʻāpana transverse a me nā ʻāpana he nui o ka ʻulaʻula a ʻeleʻele paha. Mahalo i kēlā kala kala, hiki i nā ʻōpio ke hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou iho i waena o nā pōhaku a me nā mea kanu wai. Ma nā kahua spawning, hiki i nā ʻōpio ke noho a hiki i 5 mau makahiki. Komo nā kānaka i ke kai i ka lōʻihi o 20 mau kenimika, ʻoiai ua hoʻololi ʻia ko lākou kala ʻokoʻa e kahi hue kala.

ʻO ka poʻe ʻōpio e noho ana i loko o nā muliwai e lilo i mau kāne dwarf, e like me nā kāne anadromous nui, e komo i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana i nā hua, e hoʻolei pinepine i nā kāne nui. He kuleana koʻikoʻi nā kāne dwarf i ka hānau ʻana, no ka mea, paʻa pinepine nā kāne nui i ka wehe ʻana i nā mea a ʻaʻole hoʻolohe i nā lālā liʻiliʻi o ko lākou ʻohana.

He ʻenemi maoli o ka salmon

Hiki i nā kāne dwarf ke ʻai maʻalahi i nā hua i hoʻomoe ʻia, a ʻai ka minnow, sculpin, whitefish, a me ka perch i ka ʻai e puka mai ana. I ke kauwela, emi ka nui o nā keiki ma muli o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka taimen. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka salmon Atlantika i loko o ka ʻai a nā mea ʻaihue muliwai ʻē aʻe, e like me:

• Trout.
• Golec.
• Pili.
• Nalim a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Aia i loko o ka ʻāina hānai, hoʻouka ʻia ka salmon e nā ʻotters, nā manu ʻai, e like me nā ʻaeto huelo keʻokeʻo, nā mea hui nui a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Aia i loko o ka moana ākea, lilo ka salmon i meaʻai no nā koholā pepehi, nā kohola beluga, a me nā pinnipeds he nui.

Waiwai lawaiʻa

Ua manaʻo mau ʻia ʻo Salmon he iʻa waiwai a hiki ke lilo i mea ʻono ʻono. I ka wā tsarist, ua hopu ʻia ka salmon ma ke Kola Peninsula a hāʻawi ʻia i nā wahi ʻē aʻe, ua paʻakai ʻia a puhi ʻia. He mea ʻai maʻamau kēia iʻa ma nā papa ʻaina o nā aliʻi like ʻole, ma nā papa ʻaina o nā mōʻī a me nā kahuna pule.

I kēia mau lā, ʻaʻole i emi iki ka salmon Atlantika, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia ma nā papa o nā kamaʻāina he nui. He ʻono maikaʻi ka ʻiʻo o kēia iʻa, no laila, makemake nui ka iʻa. Ma waho aʻe o ka paʻa paʻa ʻana o ka salmon i loko o nā waihona kūlohelohe, ua ulu ʻia i nā kūlana artificial. Ma nā mahiʻai iʻa, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o ka iʻa ma mua o ke kaiapuni kūlohelohe a hiki ke piʻi i ka 5 kg o ke kaumaha i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi! Aia ma nā papa o nā hale kūʻai Lūkini he iʻa salmon i hopu ʻia ma ka Hikina Hikina a hōʻike i ka genus "Oncorhynchus", e komo pū ana nā ʻelele e like me chum salmon, pink salmon, sockeye salmon a me coho salmon.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka salmon home ma nā papa o nā hale kūʻai Lūkini hiki ke wehewehe ʻia e nā kumu he nui. ʻO ka mea mua, aia kahi ʻokoʻa wela ma waena o Norewai a me ke Kai Barents. ʻO ka hele ʻana o ke kahawai ʻo Gulf ma waho o ke kahakai o Norewai e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka mahana o ka wai i ʻelua mau degere, a lilo ia i kumu no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka iʻa. Ma Rūsia, ʻaʻohe manawa o ka iʻa e loaʻa ai ka paona pāʻoihana, ʻaʻohe ala ʻē aʻe, e like me Norewai.

Ka heluna kanaka a me ke kūlana ʻano

Ma ka pae honua, manaʻo ka poʻe loea i ka hopena o 2018, ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻoweliweli i ka heluna kai o ka salmon Atlantika. Ma ka manawa like, ua helu ʻia ka salmon lake (Salmo Salar m. sebago) ma Rūsia ma ka Red Book ma lalo o ka māhele 2, ma ke ʻano he ʻano e emi ana ka nui. Eia kekahi, aia ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā salmon wai maʻemaʻe e noho ana ma nā loko o Ladoga a me Onega, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai nā hopu ʻaʻole i loaʻa ma mua. I ko mākou manawa, ua emi loa kēia iʻa waiwai ma ka muliwai Pechora.

ʻO ka mea nui! Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻo kekahi mau mea maikaʻi ʻole e pili ana i ka lawaiʻa ʻole ʻia, ka haumia o nā kino wai, ka uhaki ʻana i ke ʻano kūlohelohe o nā muliwai, a me nā hana poaching, i lilo i mea nui i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, e alakaʻi i ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka salmon.

ʻO ia hoʻi, he mea koʻikoʻi ka lawe ʻana i kekahi mau hana pale e mālama ai i ka heluna salmon. No laila, mālama ʻia ka salmon ma ka Kostomuksha Reserve, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ke kumu o Lake Kamennoe. I ka manawa like, hoʻopaʻapaʻa ka poʻe loea he pono e lawe i nā ʻano ākea, e like me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā kahua spawning maoli, ka hakakā ʻana i ka poaching a me ka lawaiʻa ʻole ʻia, etc.

i ka hopena

I kēia mau lā, hele mai ka salmon mai nā mokupuni ʻo Faroe, aia ma ka ʻĀkelanika ʻākau, ma waena o Iceland a me Scotland. E like me ke kānāwai, hōʻike nā palapala he salmon Atlantika kēia (Atlantic Salmon). I ka manawa like, pili ia i ka mea kūʻai aku iā lākou iho i ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hōʻike ma ke kumukūʻai kumukūʻai - salmon a salmon paha. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo palekana ʻo ka salmon inscription ka mea maʻalahi o nā mea kūʻai aku. Manaʻo ka poʻe he nui nā mea hana e kala i ka iʻa, akā he manaʻo wale nō kēia, no ka mea, pili ke kala o ka ʻiʻo i ka pākēneka o ka ʻoʻo i loko o ka hānai iʻa.

ʻO Salmon kahi kumu o ka protein, ʻoiai ʻo 100 grams ka hapalua o ka maʻamau o ke kanaka i kēlā me kēia lā. Eia kekahi, loaʻa i ka ʻiʻo salmon ka nui o nā mea pono ʻē aʻe, e like me nā minela, nā huaora, Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, e hoʻopilikia maikaʻi i nā hana o nā kino o loko o ke kanaka. I ka manawa like, pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻo ka salmon paʻakai maʻemaʻe nā mea pono loa. Ma muli o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, ua nalowale kekahi o lākou, no laila ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolapalapa a hoʻomoʻa paha i ka umu. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka maikaʻi o ka iʻa palai, a ʻoi aku ka ʻino.

ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, ʻoiai i ka wā kahiko, i ka wā i nui ai nā kahawai me nā salmon Atlantika, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ke kūlana o kahi mea ʻono, e like me ka mea kākau kaulana ʻo Walter Scott i ʻōlelo ai. ʻO ka poʻe paʻahana Scottish i hoʻolimalima ʻia, ʻo ia ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻaʻole i hānai pinepine ʻia lākou i ka salmon. ʻo ia wale nō!