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ʻO nā maʻi kīpē i loko o nā kāne a me nā wahine he mau pathologies like ʻole e hoʻopilikia i ka hana maʻamau o kēia mau kino o ka ʻōnaehana urinary. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia maʻi kona mau kikoʻī ponoʻī, ʻokoʻa i ke kiʻi lapaʻau a me nā ʻano o ka mālama ʻana.
Wahi a nā helu helu, ma kahi o 4% o ka heluna Lūkini e loaʻa i nā maʻi pathologies ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ke manaʻo nei nā poʻe loea he mea haʻahaʻa loa kēia helu. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ka nui o nā maʻi maʻi he asymptomatic a ʻaʻole ʻike ka poʻe i nā pilikia olakino e kū nei. No laila, he mea nui ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi nui, e ʻike i kā lākou mau hōʻailona a me nā ʻano kumu o ka mālama ʻana.
ʻIke pinepine ke kanaka ua loaʻa iā ia kahi pae kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi kīkī ma muli o ka pōʻino, e hele mai ana e nānā ʻia no kahi pilikia ʻokoʻa loa. Ma waena o lākou iho, kapa aku nā kauka i nā puʻupaʻa he ʻano leo, no ka mea, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi i kekahi mau hihia i ka wā i pau ai ka hana. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki i ke kauka ke kānalua i kahi maʻi ma o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke koko, akā no kēia mea pono e hāʻule kēia loiloi i loko o nā lima o kahi nephrologist, kahi mea maʻamau loa. ʻO ka pinepine, no ka manawa mua, aʻo nā mea maʻi e pili ana i ke ola ʻana o ia kauka ke komo lākou i ka haukapila me ka myocardial infarction.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka wā e pau ai ka hana maʻamau o nā puʻupaʻa, piʻi nui ke kiʻekiʻe o ka calcium i loko o ke koko, kahi e waiho ʻia ma nā moku, e hoʻoemi ai i kā lākou lumen. No laila, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha ka make pinepine ʻana o nā maʻi me ka renal insufficiency i ka makahiki o 30-40 mau makahiki. I kēia hihia, lilo nā maʻi cardiovascular i kumu o ka make.
Heluhelu a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma Rusia a me USA
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua hoʻomaka ka nephrology e ulu ikaika ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa ma hope o nā haʻawina i hana ʻia ma ʻAmelika i hōʻike ʻia i nā helu hōʻino loa. Ua ʻike ʻia he 12% o nā kamaʻāina ʻAmelika i loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi, a ʻo 10% o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi naʻau coronary. I ka manawa like, loaʻa i ka poʻe me ka maʻi puʻuwai ka mālama ʻana, no ka mea, ʻike lākou e pili ana i ka pathology e kū nei, a ʻo ka poʻe me ka maʻi maʻi puʻupaʻa e ʻeha pinepine i ka myocardial infarctions, ʻaʻole hoʻi i kānalua i ke kumu o ka ulu ʻana. He 90% o ka poʻe maʻi maʻi renal.
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā poʻe me nā pathologies kidney he kumukūʻai nui no ka waihona kālā o kekahi ʻāina, me Russia. No ka laʻana, he 7000 rubles ke kaʻina hana hemodialysis, a pono e hana ʻia ʻekolu manawa i ka pule ma ke ola o ka mea maʻi. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki i kēlā me kēia maʻi ke loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau. No laila, mai loko mai o hoʻokahi miliona kānaka, he 212 wale nō ka poʻe i hoʻolako ʻia me ka hemodialysis. A hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau wale nō ma nā wahi me kahi kālā kūpono. Pela no ka hoololi ana. Aia nā kikowaena transplantation ma Krasnodar, Moscow a me St. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka mea maʻi maʻi mai Rostov e hoʻololi i kahi okana ma kahi ʻāina ʻē aʻe ma mua o St. Petersburg. Hoʻokahi wale nō ala i waho no ia poʻe - e neʻe i kahi ʻāina ʻē aʻe i mea e loaʻa ai ka lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono no ko lākou maʻi.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia ka pathology kidney i ka manawa kūpono, no laila ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hana i ka ultrasound scan o nā puʻupaʻa i hoʻokahi makahiki, e lawe i ka AS a me LHC. He ʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia no ka poʻe i pilikia: nā maʻi hypertensive, ka maʻi maʻi maʻi, ka poʻe me ka momona a me ke atherosclerosis.
Nā kumu o nā pilikia kīkī
He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo e hiki i kēia mau kumu ke hoʻomaka i ka maʻi kīkī:
ʻO kahi poho nui o ke kaumaha o ke kino, ma muli o ka pau ʻana o ka capsule momona e hoʻopuni ana i nā puʻupaʻa.
ʻObesity. Hoʻokomo ka momona nui i ka puʻupaʻa, hoʻopilikia i kā lākou hana. Eia kekahi, hoʻonui ka momona i ka leo vascular.
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi.
ʻO nā hana maikaʻi ʻole (ka paka a me ka inu ʻona). Mānoanoa ke koko, no ka mea, hiki i ka waiʻona ke hoʻomaloʻo i ke kino, a ʻo ka uahi paka ka mea make loa. Hoʻopilikia kēia mau mea a pau i ka hana o nā puʻupaʻa.
ʻO ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe e hoʻopōʻino i nā kīʻaha kīkī a hoʻopilikia i kā lākou hana.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke kānalua i ka maʻi kīkī iā ʻoe iho inā ʻoi aku kou makaʻala i kou olakino ponoʻī.
No laila, ʻo nā hōʻailona o ka hewa i kā lākou hana:
ʻO Edema ma ka maka me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā ʻeke ma lalo o nā maka, ka pehu o nā ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa. I ke ahiahi, ua emi kēia pehu. E maloʻo ka ʻili, ʻeleʻele, melemele paha.
Hiki i ka ʻeha ma ka ʻāpana lumbar ke hōʻike i ka pyelonephritis a me ka hydronephrosis.
ʻO ka luhi, nāwaliwali, ke kuni, ke poʻo - ʻo kēia mau hōʻailona a pau e hiki ai ke kānalua i ka maʻi maʻi.
ʻO ke kumu o ke kamaʻilio ʻana i ke kauka he mea ʻino ia i ka ʻala, ke kala a me ka nui o ka mimi.
ʻO ka maʻi kīpē: pyelonephritis
ʻO ka Pyelonephritis kahi maʻi kīkī o ke ʻano maʻi. Laha nui ka ma'i i ka hana urological. Ma kahi o 2/3 o nā kipa ʻana a pau i ka urologist e hoʻopau me kahi hōʻailona o ka pyelonephritis maʻi a maʻi paha me ka pōʻino i hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā puʻupaʻa ʻelua.
Nā kumu o ka maʻi
ʻO nā kumu o ka pyelonephritis ʻo ia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā maʻi pathogenic e hoʻonui i ka ʻiʻo renal:
ʻO nā microorganism pathogenic (ma ka 90% o nā hihia ʻo Escherichia coli) komo i loko o ke kīpē ma ke ala e piʻi ai. Ma o ka urethra, komo lākou i ka ʻōpū a ma luna. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā wahine i kēia maʻi, i wehewehe ʻia e ke ʻano anatomical o kā lākou ʻōnaehana urinary.
Hiki i ka maʻi bacteria ke komo i loko o nā puʻupaʻa ma muli o ka vesicles-urethral reflux. I loko o kēia kaʻina hana, hoʻolei hou ʻia ka mimi i loko o ke pelvis o ka puʻupaʻa, no ka mea ua pilikia kona kahe ʻana no kekahi kumu a i ʻole. ʻO ka stagnation o ka mimi i loko o nā puʻupaʻa e kōkua i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi bacteria e hoʻonui i loko, kahi e hoʻonāukiuki ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi.
Kakaʻikahi, akā hiki nō ke hoʻopili i nā puʻupaʻa ma ke ala hematogenous, ke komo ka bacteria ma o ke koko mai kahi kumu ʻē aʻe o ka mumū.
Ke piʻi aʻe ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi inā paʻa nā ureters me ka pōhaku a i ʻole ʻia e ka prostate nui.
Nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi
E ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona o ka pyelonephritis acute a me ka maʻi.
Nā hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i kahi pae koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi:
ʻO ka ulu koke ʻana o ka maʻi me ka hoʻomaka ʻana a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana o ke kino i nā pae kiʻekiʻe (a hiki i 39-40 ° C).
He nui ka hou o ka mea maʻi, nalowale kona ʻai, piʻi ka nāwaliwali.
Hiki ke hui pū ʻia nā ʻeha poʻo me ka nausea a me ka luaʻi.
ʻIke ʻia ka ʻeha ma ka ʻāpana lumbar. Hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ka ikaika like ʻole, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka localized ma kekahi ʻaoʻao.
Puehu ka mimi a ʻulaʻula paha.
Hōʻike nā hōʻike koko i ka piʻi ʻana o nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me ka ESR.
No ka pyelonephritis maʻi, pinepine ia asymptomatic a kū i ke ʻano o ka undertreated acute pyelonephritis. Hiki i ke kanaka ke ʻike i ka nāwaliwali a me ka malaise, ʻoi aku ka nui o kona makemake, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā poʻo. I kekahi manawa ma ka ʻāina lumbar kahi manaʻo o ka ʻeha. Inā waiho ʻia ka maʻi me ka ʻole o ka mālama pono ʻana, a laila e ulu ka maʻi i ka hemahema renal.
lapaʻau
Inā loaʻa ka pyelonephritis i kahi ʻano paʻakikī, a laila hōʻike ʻia ka mea maʻi i ka mālama conservative i ka keʻena urological o ka haukapila. Pono ʻo ia e lawe i nā lāʻau antibiotic, i koho ʻia me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka naʻau o ka microflora i ʻike ʻia i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. Pono e hoʻomaka ka Therapy me ka lāʻau i loaʻa ka hopena kiʻekiʻe. Hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mau mea antibacterial mai ka hui o cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones. Hoʻohana ʻia ka Ampicillin e mālama i ka pyelonephritis me ka liʻiliʻi.
I ka like, hōʻike ʻia ka mea maʻi i ka detoxification therapy, kahi meaʻai me ka haʻahaʻa protein haʻahaʻa i ka meaʻai. Ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana o ka mahana o ke kino i ka maʻamau, hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka mea maʻi i kahi meaʻai maʻamau me ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka wai.
Inā ʻo ke kumu o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi he uhaki i ka puka ʻana o ka mimi, a laila pono e hoʻopau ʻia, ma hope o ke kuhikuhi ʻana i nā antibiotics, lawe ʻia ka immunotherapy. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka mimi ma ke ʻano hana (ka wehe ʻana i nā pōhaku mai nā puʻupaʻa, nephroplexy, ka wehe ʻana o ka prostate adenoma, etc.).
No ke ʻano maʻi o ka maʻi, kūkulu ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka hoʻolālā like, akā ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā papa pōkole o ka lāʻau antibiotic no ka poʻe me ka pyelonephritis maʻi ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kala paʻa.
ʻO ka maʻi kīpē: glomerulonephritis
ʻO ka Glomerulonephritis kahi maʻi immunoinflammatory o nā puʻupaʻa me kahi maʻi mua o ka glomeruli renal. Eia kekahi, pili ka renal tubules a me ka interstitium i ka hana pathological. Hiki i ka pathology ke kumu mua, a i ʻole hiki ke hoʻomohala i ke ʻano o nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka pinepine, loaʻa nā keiki i ka glomerulonephritis, aia kēia maʻi ma kahi lua ma hope o nā maʻi infectious o ka ʻōnaehana urinary. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka glomerulonephritis ka mea pinepine ma mua o nā maʻi urological ʻē aʻe e alakaʻi i ke kīnā, no ka mea e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻomohala mua ʻana o ka hiki ʻole o ka renal.
Nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi
Hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka glomerulonephritis acute i nā triad o nā hōʻailona:
Hoʻemi i ka nui o ka mimi i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, ke ʻano o ke koko i loko. E like me ke kānāwai, e emi iho ka nui o ka mimi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā lā 3 mua mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi, a laila hoʻi i ka maʻamau. ʻO nā haumia koko, ʻaʻole nui ka hapa nui o ia mea, ʻaʻole nui loa ka macrohematuria.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka edema. Pehu ka maka, ʻike nui ʻia i ke kakahiaka.
Hoʻonui i ke koko. ʻIke ʻia kēia hōʻailona ma 60% o nā maʻi. Eia kekahi, i ka wā kamaliʻi e hoʻonāukiuki i nā pathologies like ʻole o ka puʻuwai a me nā kīʻaha koko.
Inā ulu ka maʻi i ka wā kamaliʻi, a laila hele wikiwiki loa ia a hoʻopau me ka hoʻōla piha ʻana o ka mea maʻi. I ka wā makua, hiki i ka glomerulonephritis maʻi ke loaʻa i kahi kiʻi maʻi polū, kahi e kōkua ai i ka maʻi maʻi.
I kekahi manawa, hiki i ke kuni, ke anu, ka nele o ka makemake, nawaliwali a me ka eha ma ka aoao lumbar. Hoʻomaka ka glomerulonephritis maʻi i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana, ka mea pinepine i ka hāʻule a me ka pūnāwai.
Nā kumu o ka maʻi
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kumu o ka glomerulonephritis:
ʻO ka maʻi Streptococcal o ke ʻano koʻikoʻi a mauʻu paha. ʻO ka angina, tonsillitis, pneumonia, streptoderma, ʻulaʻula hiki ke alakaʻi i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi.
I kekahi manawa, ʻo ke kumu o ka ʻā ʻana o nā puʻupaʻa, ʻo ia ka ʻāʻī, nā maʻi ʻeha hanu a me ka moa.
ʻO ka hypothermia lōʻihi o ke kino, ma lalo o nā kūlana o ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, alakaʻi pinepine i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi. I kēia hihia, kapa nā kauka i ka glomerulonephritis "trench".
Aia nā hōʻike e hiki ke hoʻomohala i ka maʻi e kū'ē i ke kua o ka toxoplasmosis a me ka maningitis.
No ka maʻi streptococcal, ʻaʻole nā mea a pau e hoʻoulu i ka maʻi kīkī, ʻo ia hoʻi nā nephritogenic strains o ka maʻi bacteria.
lapaʻau
Hana ʻia ka mālama ʻana o ka glomerulonephritis me kahi papa koʻikoʻi i loko o ka haukapila. Manaʻo ʻia ka mea maʻi i ka papa ʻai meaʻai helu 7 a me ka hoʻomaha moe koʻikoʻi. I ka hoʻohālikelike, lawe ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau me nā lāʻau antibacterial, e komo pū me: Penicillin, Ampiox, Erythromycin.
Hōʻike ʻia nā maʻi āpau me ka glomerulonephritis e hoʻoponopono i ka pale ʻana. No kēia kumu, ua kuhikuhi ʻia nā lāʻau hormonal - Prednisolone a me nā lāʻau non-hormonal - Imuran Cyclophosphamide. No ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka mumū, ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Voltaren. Inā pono, ua kuhikuhi ʻia nā mea maʻi i ka diuretics e hōʻemi i ka pehu ʻana, a e hoʻokō pū i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kuhikuhi ana i ka normalizing koko.
ʻO ke ʻano maʻi o ka maʻi, mālama ʻia e like me ke ʻano like, akā no ka manawa lōʻihi. I ka wā o ke kala ʻana, hōʻike ʻia nā mea maʻi i ka mālama sanatorium a me ka nānā ʻana i ʻelua makahiki e kahi nephrologist.
ʻO ka maʻi ʻāʻī: ʻaʻaʻa ʻole
ʻO ka hana ʻole o ka renal acute kahi hōʻino i ka hana o nā puʻupaʻa, i kekahi mau mea hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia. Hōʻike ʻia ka pathology e ka haʻi ʻana a i ʻole ka pau ʻana o nā kino. ʻO nā hana āpau i hana ʻia e nā puʻupaʻa e pilikia: excretory, secretory, filtration.
Nā kumu o ka maʻi
ʻO nā kumu o ka hiki ʻole o ka renal he nui.
ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana iā lākou ma o nā ʻano o kēia pathology:
ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai ma muli o ka pau ʻole o ka naʻau, arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, etc., hiki ke alakaʻi i ka prerenal renal failure, i hele pū ʻia me kahi maʻi hemodynamic acute. ʻO ke koko nui, ka maʻi maʻi nui me ka wai maloʻo o ke kino, ascites, a me nā wela nui hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki i kēia ʻano o ka maʻi. kino. ʻO ka haʻalulu anaphylactic a me ka maʻi bacteriotoxic ke kumu pinepine i ka hōʻino ʻole ʻana.
ʻO ke ʻano renal o ka hiki ʻole o ka renal acute ke alakaʻi i ka ischemia o nā ʻiʻo o ka puʻupaʻa, a i ʻole kona pōʻino ʻino (i ka hihia o ka make me nā mea make, nā metala kaumaha, i ka wā e lawe ai i nā lāʻau nephrotoxic). ʻO ka liʻiliʻi pinepine, ʻo ke kumu ke ʻano o ka ʻāʻī, ka ʻona a i ʻole ka coma lāʻau lapaʻau, ka hōʻeha ʻāʻī, i hui pū ʻia me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa lōʻihi o nā ʻiʻo o ke kino.
ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana (blockage) o ka ʻāpana mimi ke alakaʻi i ka hiki ʻole o ka renal renal. Hiki ke hana ia ma muli o ka urolithiasis, me nā ʻōpū o ka prostate a me ka ʻōpū, me ka maʻi tuberculosis.
Nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi
Loaʻa nā hōʻailona o ka hiki ʻole o ka renal acute i ʻehā mau hanana nui, e like me:
ʻAʻole ʻike ke kanaka i nā hōʻailona maʻamau e hōʻike ana i ka hōʻino ʻana i ka hana o nā puʻupaʻa i ka wā o ka hōʻike ʻana o ka maʻi, no ka mea, hele mai nā hōʻailona o ka pathology lalo. Malia paha o ka nawaliwali, ka hiamoe, ka nele o ka makemake. Akā ʻo kēia mau hōʻailona e pili pinepine ʻia i ka hōʻike ʻana o kahi maʻi etiological.
Hoʻomaka ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka urine, hoʻomohala ka mea maʻi i ka maʻi maʻi, ka luaʻi. Hoʻopilikia ke kanaka, makemake ʻo ia e hiamoe, hiki ke hoʻomohala i kahi coma. Hoʻopilikia pinepine ʻia nā kino ʻē aʻe, me ka puʻuwai, ka pancreas. ʻAʻole i kāpae ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka sepsis a me ka pneumonia. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻano oligoanuric. ʻElua pule ka lōʻihi.
Inā ʻaʻohe pilikia o ka maʻi, a laila hoʻomaka ke kanaka e ola hou. Hoʻonui ka nui o ka mimi i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, hoʻi ka paʻakai wai-paʻakai o ke kino i ka maʻamau.
Hoʻopau ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka renal me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka mea maʻi. He lōʻihi kēia pae a hiki i hoʻokahi makahiki. I loko o kēia manawa, aia kahi hoʻihoʻi lohi o nā hana āpau o ke kino.
lapaʻau
ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka hemahema renal acute e kuhikuhi nui ʻia i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kumu i hoʻonāukiuki i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi. I ka like, lawe ʻia nā ana e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke kaomi, e hoʻopiha hou i ka nui o ka wai i nalowale. Inā pono, holoi ʻia ka mea maʻi me ka ʻōpū.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hemocorrection extracorporeal hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke kino o nā mea ʻawaʻawa i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma muli o ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā puʻupaʻa. ʻO ka hemocorrection ka hemosorption a me ka plasmapheresis.
Inā he keakea ke kumu o ka hana ʻino ʻana o ka puʻupaʻa, a laila wehe ʻia ma ke kaʻe ʻana.
No ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka diuresis, ua kuhikuhi ʻia ʻo Furosemide a me osmotic diuretics. Pono ka poʻe maʻi i kahi meaʻai haʻahaʻa i ka protein a kaupalena ʻia i ka potassium. Inā pono, ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka mea maʻi i nā lāʻau antibacterial, akā pono e koho ʻia kā lākou dosis me ka mālama nui.
Hana ʻia ʻo Hemodialysis ma ke ʻano he ala e pale ai i ka ulu ʻana o nā pilikia koʻikoʻi. Hoʻohana ikaika ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa urological hou iā ia i ka wā mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hemahema renal acute, a no ke kumu o ka pale ʻana.
ʻO ka maʻi ʻāʻī: urolithiasis (nephrolithiasis)
ʻO ka Urolithiasis kahi maʻi i hele pū ʻia me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā pōhaku kīkī (ʻaʻole i haʻalele ʻia kā lākou hana ʻana i ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe). Ua laha ka ma'i, hiki ke hoike mai i na makahiki a pau, aka, ua ike pinepine ia i na kanaka 25-50 makahiki.
Nā kumu o ka maʻi
ʻO nā kumu o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā pōhaku ʻāʻī e pili ana i ke kaʻina o ka crystallization o ka mimi.
Hiki i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki ke:
Predisposition hoʻoilina.
ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻole ʻana i ke ʻano inu, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka noho ʻana i nā wahi wela. He mea pōʻino ke inu mau i ka wai me kahi kiʻekiʻe o nā paʻakai calcium i loko, a me ka hoʻohui i nā meaʻai ʻala, momona a paʻakai.
Dehydration o ke kino ma muli o nā maʻi i hui pū ʻia me ka luaʻi a me ka ʻōpū.
ʻO ka Avitaminosis, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka nele o ka huaʻa D a me ka huaʻa A i ke kino.
ʻO nā maʻi like ʻole o ke kino: osteoporosis, osteomyelitis, hyperparathyroidism, nā maʻi o ka ʻōpū (gastritis, ulcers, colitis), nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana urinary (cystitis, pyelonephritis, nephrotuberculosis), a me ka prostatitis a me ka prostate adenoma. ʻO kēlā me kēia kūlana e hoʻopilikia i ke kahe maʻamau o ka mimi he pōʻino.
Nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi
ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka urolithiasis o nā puʻupaʻa e hilinaʻi i ka nui o nā pōhaku, kā lākou helu a me ka haku. ʻO nā hōʻailona nui o ka maʻi:
ʻO ka ʻeha o nā ʻano like ʻole me ka localization ma ka ʻāpana lumbar;
ʻO ka colic renal;
koko i loko o ka mimi;
Pus i ka mimi;
I kekahi manawa, hele iho ka pohaku puki me ka mimi.
I ka manawa like, ma kahi o 15% o nā mea maʻi ʻaʻole i manaʻo i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pōhaku maʻi, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻike iā lākou iho i kekahi ʻano.
lapaʻau
ʻElua mau koho lapaʻau kūpono no nā pōhaku kīkī: conservative a me ka ʻokiʻoki. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka pahuhopu o lāua ʻelua ka wehe ʻana i nā pōhaku mai nā kino.
Inā he pōhaku liʻiliʻi ka mea maʻi, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 3 mm ka nui, a laila ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia e inu i ka wai nui a ʻai i kahi meaʻai me ka ʻole o nā kīʻaha ʻiʻo.
Inā he urate ka pōhaku, a laila pono ʻoe e hahai i ka meaʻai me ka manaʻo nui i nā mea inu waiu a me nā meaʻai o ka mea kanu, pono e inu i ka wai mineral (alkaline). Manaʻo ʻia ka wai mineral acid no nā pōhaku phosphate. Eia kekahi, hiki ke kuhikuhi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kōkua i ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā pōhaku, a me nā diuretics a me nā nitrofurans. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke mālama ʻia kēlā ʻano lapaʻau e kahi nephrologist wale nō.
Inā ʻae ʻia ka mea maʻi me ka colic renal, a laila hoʻokō koke ʻia ʻo Baralgin, Platifillin a i ʻole Pantopon e hoʻopau i ka ʻeha. Hana ʻia ʻo Novocaine blockade o ke kaula spermatic a i ʻole ligament liʻiliʻi o ka ʻōpū, e pili ana i ke kāne o ka mea maʻi, inā ʻaʻole hele ka renal colic me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau ʻeha.
Pono ka hana inā loaʻa ka colic renal maʻamau, ulu ka pyelonephritis, stricture ureteral, a i ʻole nā kūlana ʻē aʻe e hoʻoweliweli i ke olakino o ka mea maʻi.
ʻO ka maʻi kīpē: hydronephrosis
ʻO ka Hydronephrosis kahi atrophy o ka ʻiʻo renal, e ulu ana ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka pyelocaliceal complex, i kumu ʻia e ka uhai ʻana i ka hele ʻana o ka mimi. Ma lalo o 60 mau makahiki, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā wahine i ka maʻi, ʻoiai ma hope o 60 mau makahiki, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka pathology i nā kāne. Ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o ka prostate adenoma a i ʻole ka maʻi maʻi prostate.
ʻO ka atrophy o nā nephrons a me nā tubules o ka puʻupaʻa ka hopena o ka maʻi. Hoʻomaka ia me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma muli o nā pilikia me ka puka ʻana o ka mimi, piʻi ke kaomi i ka ureter, pilikia ka hana kānana, a hoʻopilikia ʻia ke kahe o ke koko.
Nā kumu o ka maʻi
ʻO nā kumu o ka hydronephrosis penei:
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻōpū, polyp, nā pōhaku a i ʻole nā koko koko i loko o ka ureter.
ʻO nā maʻi fungal o ka urethra.
ʻO nā maʻi o ka urethra (tuberculosis, endometriosis, a me nā mea'ē aʻe), kona mau koʻikoʻi a me nā diverticula.
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻāʻī, ka hānau keiki, ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka ʻōpū, ka cyst ovarian, ka maʻi prostate, ka aneurysm aortic i loko o ka peritoneum, nā anomalies ma kahi o ke aʻa renal.
Urolithiasis, diverticulum o ka ʻōpū, ka contracture o kona ʻāʻī, vesicoureteral reflux a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe o kēia kino.
ʻO ke keakea ʻana o ka ʻāpana mimi, ko lākou ʻeha a me ka mumū.
Nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi
ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka hydronephrosis e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kanaka i kahi paʻa i ka ʻāpana mimi a me ke kumu o ka pilikia.
Hiki i kēia mau koho no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kiʻi maʻi:
Hōʻike ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi i ka ʻeha lumbar koʻikoʻi me kā lākou irradiation ma ka ʻōpū, perineum a me nā genital. Piʻi pinepine a ʻeha ka mimi. Hiki mai ka nausea a me ka lua'i. Loaʻa pinepine ke koko i loko o ke koko.
ʻO ka latent papa o ka maʻi i ʻike pinepine ʻia me ka unilateral aseptic hydronephrosis. Loaʻa paha ka ʻeha hope liʻiliʻi ma hope o ka hoʻoikaika kino. Eia kekahi, hoʻomaka ke kanaka e ʻai i ka wai. Ke hele nei ka pathology, hui pū ka luhi mau, piʻi ke koko.
He mea nui ka makemake o ka poʻe me ka hydronephrosis e moe ma ka ʻōpū i ka wā hoʻomaha pō. Hoʻomaikaʻi kēia i ka puka ʻana o ka mimi mai ka puʻupaʻa maʻi, no ka mea e alakaʻi i ka puʻu hou ʻana o ke kaomi i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū.
Anomalies i ka ulu ʻana o nā puʻupaʻa
ʻO ka maʻi nephroptosis
Hōʻike ʻia ka nephroptosis ma ka pathological mobility o ke kino me kona neʻe ʻana ma mua o 2 cm me kahi kūlana kū o ke kino a ʻoi aku ma mua o 3 cm me ka hanu koi.
ʻO nā kumu o ka nephroptosis ma muli paha o ka emi ʻana o ke kani o ka ʻiʻo o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, hypermobility o nā hono. Aia nā kumu pilikia o ka hana. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā mea hoʻokele, nā lauoho lauoho, nā ʻokiʻoki, nā mea ukana i ka nephroptosis, ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi kino lōʻihi i ka wā hoʻokahi, a i ʻole nā haʻalulu mau. Hiki ke hoʻomohala i ka pathology ma muli o nā anomalies skeletal like ʻole, no ka laʻana, me ka ʻole o ka vertebrae. I kekahi manawa, hiki mai ka nephroptosis i nā wahine e hāpai ana i kahi keiki nui.
Hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka nephroptosis i ka huki ʻana i nā ʻeha e pā ana i ka ʻōpū. Ke hoʻi ka puʻupaʻa i kona wahi, nalowale ka ʻeha. Malia paha ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka colic renal, ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana digestive, neurasthenia ma muli o ka ʻeha pelvic mau loa. I ka pathology koʻikoʻi, ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hemahema renal, hiki ke hoʻomau i nā maʻi urinary.
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka conservative me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kāʻei kūikawā, ka hana ʻana i nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa gymnastic a me ka meaʻai hoʻonui i kuhikuhi ʻia no ka nephroptosis haʻahaʻa. Inā paʻakikī ka pathology a alakaʻi i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi i ka hana ʻana o nā puʻupaʻa a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, a laila pono ka mālama ʻana. Kapa ʻia ka hana ʻo "nephropexy", ʻo ia ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ke kīpē i kona wahi mua me ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana o ke kino i nā hale kokoke.
Maʻi maʻi polycystic
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi polycystic e pili ana i kahi anomaly congenital i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā kino a ua ʻike ʻia e ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā cysts lehulehu i loko o lākou. Hoʻokomo mau nā puʻupaʻa ʻelua i ke kaʻina pathological.
ʻO nā kumu o ka maʻi maʻi polycystic ma muli o nā maʻi genetic i hoʻoili ʻia ma kahi domain autosomal.
ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi i nā keiki hānau hou e ulu wikiwiki a alakaʻi i ka make o ke keiki. I ka wā makua, e ulu mālie nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, e hōʻike ʻia e ka hoʻohaunaele lohi o nā puʻupaʻa e ke ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi renal.
Hoʻemi ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi polycystic i ka maʻi symptomatic. No ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā maʻi, hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau antibacterial a me nā mea uroseptic. He mea nui e komo i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi kīkī: pono ʻoe e haʻalele i ka hana kino koʻikoʻi, e hahai i ka meaʻai, e komo i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka foci o ka maʻi maʻi. I ka pae hope o ka hiki ʻole o ka renal, kū mai ka nīnau no ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kino. Manaʻo ʻia ka hemodialysis e mālama i ka hana o ke kino.
ʻO ka dystopia ma ke kīpē
ʻO ka dystopia kidney kahi hōʻeha i ko lākou wahi. ʻO kēia anomaly e pili ana i nā malformations congenital. Hiki ke waiho haʻahaʻa nā puʻupaʻa, hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia i loko o ka lua pelvic, i loko o ka umauma, etc.
ʻO ke kumu o ka dystopia kīkī he anomalies i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka fetus i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o ka fetal.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o dystopia iā lākou iho ma kekahi ʻano, akā hiki ke hōʻike ʻia i ka ʻeha lumbar dull. ʻO ka ʻāpana o kā lākou māhele ʻana e pili ana i kahi e kū pono ai nā puʻupaʻa.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka conservative therapy, i hoʻolālā ʻia e pale i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi, a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā pōhaku i loko o lākou. Hana ʻia ke ʻoki ʻoki ʻana i ke kīkī ke make.
ʻO ka maʻi ʻino o ka puʻupaʻa
ʻO kahi maʻi maʻi maʻi o nā puʻupaʻa he pūʻulu holoʻokoʻa o nā maʻi e hui pū ana i nā ʻano hoʻololi ʻino ʻole o ka ʻiʻo puʻupaʻa. Ma waena o ka nui o nā maʻi oncological, loaʻa ka maʻi maʻi maʻi i ka 2-3% o nā hihia. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ka poʻe ma luna o 40 mau makahiki e loaʻa i ka maʻi.
Nā kumu
ʻO nā kumu o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi o ka puʻupaʻa ma muli o nā kumu he nui, e like me:
Hoʻololi Gene.
Predisposition hoʻoilina.
Nā ʻano maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻO ka lawe ʻole ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau (hormones, diuretics, analgesics).
ʻO ka hemahema o ka renal maʻi, ka maʻi maʻi polycystic kidney, nephrosclerosis o nā ʻano etiologies.
ʻO ka lāʻau make carcinogenic o ke kino, ka ʻike ʻana i ka radiation.
ʻeha ʻāʻī.
Ōuli
ʻO ka pinepine, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o kahi maʻi maʻi maʻi o ka puʻupaʻa. ʻO ka papa asymptomatic kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā pae mua o ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi.
Ke holomua nei, hoʻomohala ka mea maʻi i kēia mau triad o nā hōʻailona:
ʻO nā haumia o ke koko i loko o ka mimi.
ʻEha ma ka ʻāpana lumbar.
ʻO ke ʻano o kahi maʻi koko e hiki ke palp.
Ma keʻano maʻamau, eʻikeʻia nā hōʻailonaʻekolu i ka manawa hoʻokahi wale nō i nā manawa hope o ka uluʻana o ka maʻi. ʻO nā hōʻike ʻē aʻe o kahi neoplasm malignant o ka puʻupaʻa he: ke kuni, ka pau ʻana o ka ʻai, ka pehu ʻana o nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa, dystrophy, etc.
lapaʻau
Hoʻemi ʻia ka mālama ʻana i kahi maʻi maʻi maʻi o ka puʻupaʻa i ka wehe ʻana o ka neoplasm. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā pae hope o ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi a me ke alo o nā metastases. ʻAe kēia iā ʻoe e hoʻonui i ke ola o ka mea maʻi a hoʻomaikaʻi i kona ʻano.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka wehe ʻana o ke kīpē a i ʻole ka wehe ʻana o ke kino. Ma ke ʻano he ʻano lapaʻau hou e hoʻonui ai i ka maikaʻi o ka hana, hoʻohana ʻia ka immunotherapy, ka chemotherapy a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Hana ʻia ka lāʻau palliative me ka metastasis nui o ka maʻi maʻi i ka lymph nodes.