ʻO ka ventricle hema (ventricle: mai ka Latin ventriculus, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi) kahi ʻano o ka puʻuwai, e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he wahi hele no ke koko oxygenated i ke kino.

wahi. Aia ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka waena waena ma waena o ka thorax, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka puʻuwai i kahi ʻākau a me ka ʻaoʻao hema. ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻāpana he ʻelua keʻena, he atrium a me kahi ventricle (1). Hoʻonui ʻia ka ventricle hema mai ka atrioventricular orifice (ma waena o atrium a me ka ventricle) a i ka piko o ka puʻuwai (2).

Kūlana holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻokumu ka ventricle hema i kahi lua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e (1):   

• ka septum interventicular, ka paia e hoʻokaʻawale ana iā ia mai ka ventricle ʻākau, ma kona ʻaoʻao waena;
• ka atrioventricular septum, he paia liʻiliʻi e hoʻokaʻawale ana iā ia mai ka atrium akau, ma ka waena a me luna o luna;
• ke kiwikā o ka mitral, he kiwā e hoʻokaʻawale ana iā ia mai ka atrium hema, ma kona ʻaoʻao luna;
• ke kiwikā aortic, kahe e hoʻokaʻawale ana iā ia mai ke aorta, ma kāna ʻaoʻao lalo.

Ke ʻano kūloko. Aia i ka ventricle hema ka trabecula kikokiko (nā kolamu kikokiko), a me nā mākala papillary. Pili kēia mau mea i ka nohona mitral e nā kaula tendon (1).

Wall. ʻO ka paia o ka ventricle hema he ʻekolu mau mānoanoa ma mua o ko ka ventricle ʻākau. Hana ʻia ʻekolu mau papa (1):

• ka endocardium, kahi papa o loko i hana ʻia i nā hunaola endothelial e waiho ana ma nā pūnaewele hoʻopili;
• ka myocardium, kahi papa waena i hana ʻia me nā olonā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia;
• ka pericardium, ka papa waho e uhi ana i ka naʻau.

ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana. Hāʻawi ʻia ka ventricle hema e nā moku coronary (1).

Ala koko. Kolo ke koko i hoʻokahi ala ma o ka puʻuwai a me ka ʻōnaehana koko. Loaʻa i ke atrium hema ke koko waiwai o oxygen mai nā aʻa pulmonary. Hele kēia koko i loko o ka pahu mitral e hiki ai i ka ventricle hema. Ma loko o ka hope, hele ke koko ma o ka aorta a hiki i ke aorta a hāʻawi ʻia i ke kino (1).

ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa Ventricular. ʻO ka hele ʻana o ke koko ma o ka ventricle hema e pili ana i ka pōʻai cardiac. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hope i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: systole, pae o ka haunaele a me ka diastole, ka manawa o ka hoʻomaha (1) (3).

• Systole Ventricular. Hoʻomaka ka systole Ventricular ma ka hopena o ka diastole, ke piha ka ventricle hema me ke koko. Pani ka mitral valve, e hoʻonui ai i ke kaomi i ka ventricle hema. ʻO ke kaomi e hoʻokau ʻia e ke koko e alakaʻi aku ai i ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka ventricle hema, e hāmama ana ka puka aorta. Lawe ʻia ke koko ma o ka aorta. Hoʻomoʻo ka ventricle hema a pani ka pahu aorta.
• ʻO Diastole Ventricular. Hoʻomaka ka diastole Ventricular ma ka hopena o systole, ke hakahaka ka ventricle hema. E hoʻohaʻahaʻa ke kaomi i loko o ka ventricle, e wehe ana i ka pahu mitral. Hoʻopiha ka ventricle hema i ke koko, e hele mai ana mai ka atrium hema.

Hiki i kekahi mau pathology ke hoʻopili i ka ventricle hema a me kāna mau hanana. Hiki iā lākou ke kumu o nā puʻuwai kīnā ʻole, i kapa ʻia he arrhythmia cardiac, he pākuʻi wikiwiki, i kapa ʻia ʻo tachycardias, a ʻoi aku ka ʻeha o ka umauma.

ʻO Valvulopathie. Hoʻonohonoho ia i nā pathology āpau e pili ana i nā valves puʻuwai, i ka pahu hua waina a me ke kiʻiona aorta. Hiki i ke kaʻina o kēia mau pathologies ke alakaʻi i kahi hoʻololi o ke ʻano o ka puʻuwai me ka dilation o ka ventricle hema. Hiki i nā ʻōuli o kēia mau ʻano ke hoʻopili i kahi ʻōhumu o ka naʻau, palpitations, a i ʻole discomfort (4) (5).

Myocardial infarction. Kāhea ʻia hoʻi ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, pili ka infoccial myocardial i ka luku ʻia o kahi ʻāpana o ka myocardium. ʻO ke kumu o kēia pathology ka ālai o ke aʻa coronary e hāʻawi ana i ka myocardium. Loaʻa ka oxygen, make a hoʻohaʻahaʻa nā hunaola myocardial. ʻO kēia luku nā hopena i kahi hana ʻole o ka hōʻoki ʻana o ka naʻau i hiki ke alakaʻi i ka kū o ka puʻuwai. Hōʻike ʻia kahi infarction myocardial i kikoʻī e nā puʻuwai puʻuwai abnormal a i ʻole ʻole ka puʻuwai (6).

ʻO ka angina pectoris. Kapa ʻia ʻo angina, angina pectoris kūlike i kahi ʻeha hoʻokaumaha a hohonu hoʻi i ka ʻāʻī. Kū pinepine ia i ka manawa o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana akā hiki ke ʻike ʻia i nā wā o ke koʻikoʻi a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi i ka hoʻomaha. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ʻeha kahi lawa kūpono o ka oxygen i ka myocardium. Kūleʻa pinepine kēia i nā pathologies e hoʻopili ana i nā aʻa coronary, kuleana no ka wai o ka myocardium (7).

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi. Kūlike kēia pathology i ka mumū o ka pericardium. Hiki ke loli ʻia nā kumu akā ʻo ke kumu pinepine he maʻi bacteria a maʻi maʻi paha. Hiki i kēia mau hopena hōʻeha ke kumu i ka hopena o ka wai e alakaʻi ai i ka tamponade (1). Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hope e ka compression o ka puʻuwai e ka wai, e pale ana iā ia mai ka hana maʻamau.

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka pathology diagnose, ʻokoʻa lāʻau e kuhikuhi ʻia e like me anticoagulants, anti-agregants, a i ʻole anti-ischemic agents.

ʻO keʻano maʻamau. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka maʻi maʻi i hōʻike ʻia, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kahi hoʻopili lāʻau. ʻO ke kau ʻana o ka prosthesis valve hiki ke lawe ʻia i kahi laʻana i kekahi mau hihia o ka maʻi valve.

Ke kaulike. ʻO ka mea mua, hana ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua i mea e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka helu o ka puʻuwai kikoʻī a e loiloi i nā ʻōuli i ʻike ʻia e ka mea maʻi e like me ka pōkole o ka hanu a me nā palpitations.

ʻImi hoʻokolohua kiʻi. I mea e hoʻokumu a hōʻoia ai paha i kahi kuhi, hiki ke hana i kahi ultrasound cardiac, a i ʻole kahi ultrasound doppler. Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia iā lākou e kahi angiography coronary, kahi CT scan, kahi scintigraphy cardiac, a i ʻole kahi MRI.

Uila uila. ʻAe kēia hōʻike iā ʻoe e kālailai i ka hana uila o ka puʻuwai.

Electrocardiogramme dʻeffort. Hiki i kēia hoʻāʻo ke hiki ke kālailai i ka hana uila o ka puʻuwai i ka hoʻoikaika kino ʻana.

Kaulana ʻo ka mea ʻoki lāʻau 20st ʻApelika Hema ʻo Christiaan Barnard no ka hana ʻana i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai mua loa. I ka 1967, ua lawe ʻo ia i kahi puʻuwai mai kahi wahine ʻōpio i make i kahi ulia kaʻa i kahi kāne me ka maʻi aʻa maʻi coronary. E ola kēia mea maʻi ma hope o ka hana akā e hāʻule i ka niumonia 18 mau lā ma hope (8). Mai kēia transplant kūleʻa mua loa, ua hoʻomau ʻia ka holomua olakino e like me ka hōʻike e nā hoʻokolohua hou me nā transplants mai kahi puʻuwai hana.