ʻO ka hōʻike o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mea keʻokeʻo e hoʻopuni ana i nā neurons, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy he maʻi neurological i ka manawa like e pili ana i kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka lolo a holomua mālie. He nui kona mau kumu. 

Hoʻonui ʻia nā neurons (nā pūnaewele nerve i ka lolo) e nā aʻalolo i kapa ʻia ʻo axons, kahi e hoʻopili ai me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i loko o ka lolo ma o nā synapses (nā hopena o ke axon). Hoʻopuni ʻia kēia mau aʻalolo e kahi pū (myelin) e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai kekahi i kekahi a he ʻāpana ia o ka mea keʻokeʻo o ka lolo.

Hōʻike ka progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) i ka hoʻololi ʻana i kekahi mau wahi o ka lolo o kēia puʻu e hoʻopuni ana i nā axons, e hoʻopōkole ana i waena o lākou. ʻO kēia mau pōkole pōkole ke kumu o ka hana ʻino o ka lolo e pili ana i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o nā ʻiʻo, o ka hana cerebral (manaʻo a i ʻole cognitions) a me nā aʻalolo o ka naʻau. No laila ke ʻano o ka lolo, ka haunaele o ka noʻonoʻo a me ka naʻau.

ʻO kēia maʻi neurological degenerative ʻoi loa ka holomua, e ulu ana i nā spurts a i ʻole lohi a i ka manawa like e pili ana i kekahi mau wahi o ka lolo (multifocal). He nui kona mau kumu a pili kona mau hōʻailona ma nā wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia.

ʻO nā kumu o ka holomua multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) he nui a ʻokoʻa ke ʻano:

Hoʻoilina a i ʻole genetic

I kekahi manawa e hoʻomaka koke ana e like me kekahi mau maʻi a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi e like me ka maʻi o Cadasil e pili ana i kahi mutation genetic, Childhood Ataxia syndrome ma ke kumu o nā lua i loko o ka mea keʻokeʻo o ka lolo ma o ka luku ʻana i ka myelin, multiple sclerosis (MS) i loaʻa ma luna. he kumu hoʻoilina a i kekahi manawa ke kumu o nā lua (cavitary form of MS), a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi degenerative o ka lolo e like me ka maʻi X maʻi ʻeha a i ʻole ka maʻi mitochondrial.

Kumu koko

He maʻi dementia ma muli o ka pōʻino i nā moku liʻiliʻi o ka lolo (microangiopathy), pili i ka makahiki, ʻelemakule a kaulike ʻole ke koko kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka maʻi diabetes.

No ke kumu ino 

Ma ka lawe ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka methotrexate i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i kekahi mau maʻi maʻi a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi autoimmune (rheumatoid arthritis a i ʻole RA, etc.), nitric oxide poisoning (hoʻomehana me ke kinoea kīnā) a i ʻole ka hoʻohu ʻana i nā mahu heroin (hoʻohana addictive). Hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻololi i ka mea keʻokeʻo i loko o ka lolo.

No ke kumu degenerative

Hoʻopili ʻia ia i nā kaʻina inflammatory e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana nerve e like me MS, leucoaraiosis, a i ʻole ka maʻi o Alzheimer, i kekahi manawa no ka hoʻoilina hoʻoilina akā ʻaʻole i nā manawa a pau, me ka maʻi hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā waihona e hoʻopau i ka neʻe neuronal ( nā waihona amyloid a me ka degeneration neurofibrillary pili me ka ka loaʻa ʻana o nā protein i loko o ka lolo, beta-amyloid peptide a me ka protein tau).

Kinohi kumu maʻi

Kakaʻikahi i nā maʻi viral e like me ka papillomavirus (JC virus) a i ʻole AIDS (2 a 4% o ka maʻi HIV + poʻe).

ʻOkoʻa nā hōʻailona o ka progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) ma muli o nā wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia a me ke kumu o kēia kaʻina degenerative i loko o ka lolo.

• nāwaliwali, pilikia ka ʻōlelo a noʻonoʻo paha i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi;
• ʻO ka haʻalulu (cerebellar syndrome) a me nā haʻalulu i ka maʻi X maʻi a i ʻole ka maʻi mitochondrial, nā maʻi o ka hoʻohui manawaleʻa, nā hōʻailona e hōʻike mua ana i kēia mau maʻi hoʻoilina a i ʻole genetic pathologies a e holomua mālie a hiki ʻole ...;
• nā maʻi psychiatric i ka wā degeneration o ke kumu vascular, e kū pinepine ana ma hope o ka poʻe ʻelemakule me nā maʻi ʻino, nā maʻi cognitive (disorientation temporo-spatial, nā maʻi hoʻomanaʻo), i kekahi manawa hoʻopunipuni a huikau;
• impaired sensitivity and motor skills in degenerations of toxic origin;
• ka emi ʻana o ka naʻau i ka lolo e like me ka maʻi Alzheimer me ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻino, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, ka nānā ʻana, ka hoʻoponopono pilikia, ka hoʻolālā a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, ka noʻonoʻo;
• ua hoʻonui ʻia ka pilikia o ka ulia o ka cerebrovascular (stroke) i ka holomua multifocal leukoencephalopathy;
• nā migraines a me nā maʻi epileptic.

ʻO nā hōʻailona hōʻailona ke hōʻike mua nei i kēia pathology, akā ʻo ia ka lolo imaging e like me Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) e hiki ai ke ʻike i nā lesions e hōʻike ana i ka mea keʻokeʻo o ka lolo.

Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi JC e ka lumbar puncture i kekahi manawa ke kānalua nei ka holomua multifocal leukoencephalopathy o ka kumu viral.

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi o ka maʻi AIDS ua hana mua ʻia a inā ʻaʻole, pono e noiʻi ʻia.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ʻo ia ke kumu:

• e ʻimi i nā kumu ʻona (nā lāʻau lapaʻau, heroin, etc.) a hoʻopau iā lākou; 
• ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka hōʻailona o ka degeneration cerebral no ka maʻi o Alzheimer, MS, leukoaraiosis, dementia o ke kumu vascular.

ʻO nā ʻeha o ka mea keʻokeʻo e hoʻomau ʻole ʻia a me ke kākoʻo psychosocial a me ka cognitive stimulation e hoʻolōʻihi i ka piʻi ʻana o kēia maʻi e ulu nei i kekahi mau makahiki.