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I kēia mau lā, lohe pinepine mākou i nā ʻōlelo e like me nā mea momona a maikaʻi ʻole a maikaʻi hoʻi, wikiwiki a lohi, maʻalahi a paʻakikī hoʻi. Kaulana loa kēia mau ʻōlelo i nā poʻe olakino.
Manaʻo kekahi poʻe loea loea i ke kinipōpō ke kumu o ke kino olakino, a i ʻole ʻo kā lākou hoʻohana pono ʻana. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻo ka hopena o ke kaulike ʻole i ke kaulike o nā huehue i loko o ke kino kahi ʻano maikaʻi ʻole, ʻoluʻolu ʻole, hoʻonui i ka makaʻu, hoʻemi i ka hana noʻonoʻo a me ke kino, diabetes mellitus a me nā mea hou aku.
He mea hoihoi a pono ia no nā mea he nui e aʻo e pili ana i nā ʻōuli ʻano a me nā ʻano maikaʻi o kekahi o nā hui o nā wīwī - monosaccharides.
Nā meaʻai e waiwai i nā monosaccharides:
Nā ʻano laulā o monosaccharides
ʻO Monosaccharides kahi hui o nā haʻalako i kapa ʻia he kō maʻalahi. ʻAʻole lākou i hydrolyzed e ka wai; nānā lākou e like me nā hui polyhydroxyl i loko o nā hui aldehyde a i ʻole ketone. Hoʻohaʻahaʻa koke ʻia ʻo Monosaccharides, komo koke i ke kahe o ke koko, a ʻaʻole mālama ʻia i nā mālama momona. He mea nui kēia mau kālīpika no ka hana o ka lolo.
He ʻono ʻono ko Monosaccharides o ke koʻikoʻi ʻokoʻa a hiki ke maʻalahi ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia ʻano carbohydrates e nā ʻano aʻe:
- ʻo ka glucose ka monosaccharide maʻamau e hiki ke hana ʻia ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka haki o nā disaccharides a me ka starch mai ka meaʻai;
- fructose - komo maʻalahi, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻonui i ke kō o ke kō;
- ʻO ka galactose kahi huahana haki o ka lactose.
I kahi kūlana manuahi, loaʻa nā mea ʻelua i nā hua a me nā pua. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia lākou i loko o nā mea kanu, nā hua, nā hua, a aia i loko o ka meli pi. ʻAʻole kahi meaʻai ʻo Galactose.
Nā ʻoiaʻiʻo mōʻaukala
ʻO ka mea noiʻi Lūkini ʻo KG Sigismund no ka manawa mua ma 1811. hana i nā hoʻokolohua a loaʻa ka glucose e ka hydrolysis o ka starch. I ka makahiki 1844, hoʻolauna ka mea kemika Lūkia ʻo KG Schmidt i ke kumumanaʻo o nā haʻalako.
I ka makahiki 1927. ua ʻike ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā huaʻāpale, i pani ʻia e nā mea kūlohelohe a synthetic. Hoʻomaka ka māhele ʻia ʻana o Carbohidates i mau hui. Ua kapa ʻia kekahi o ia mau inoamonosaxaridы".
Koi i kēlā me kēia lā no nā monosaccharides
Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka hana a me ka makahiki, ʻo ka lawe ʻana o monosaccharides he 15-20 pākēneka o ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka carbohydrate. No ka hana lolo maʻamau, ʻo ka pono o kēlā me kēia lā no monosaccharides he 160 - 180 g, ʻo ia ka hapahā o nā mea āpau āpau i hoʻopau ʻia me ka meaʻai (300-500 g i kēlā me kēia lā). ʻO kahi laʻana, inā ʻai ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka meli, a laila e poina ke koena o nā meaʻono a me nā cereal a hiki i kekahi lā aʻe.
I ke alo o nā hōʻailona olakino, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka helu o ka monosaccharides, akā hiki ke hōʻemi iki i ka nui i 100 g i kēlā me kēia lā.
Hoʻonui ka pono no nā monosaccharides:
- ke komo i ka hana kino kaumaha a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa haʻuki;
- me nā kaumaha ʻike kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻemi nui ʻana i ka hana noʻonoʻo;
- i ka wā ʻōpio, ke pono pono ka ikehu no ka ulu ʻana;
- me ka hiamoe a me ka lethargy kino;
- no ka poʻe i loaʻa nā hōʻailona o ka ʻona o ke kino;
- me nā maʻi o ke akepaʻa, ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana, gastrointestinal tract;
- ʻano maikaʻi ʻole;
- me ke kaumaha o ke kino haʻahaʻa;
- pau ka ikehu.
Hoemi ka pono no nā monosaccharides:
- me ka momona;
- noho nohona;
- no ka poʻe ʻelemākule;
- me ke kiʻekiʻe
Digestibility o monosaccharides
Māmā a lawe koke ʻia ʻo Monosaccharides e ke kino. Hāʻawi lākou i ka hoʻonui wikiwiki o ka ikehu i ke kino. No laila, paipai ʻia lākou no nā ukana ʻoi loa o ka manawa pōkole. Hāʻawi lākou i kahi piʻi wikiwiki o ke kō i nā kiʻekiʻe o ke kō, no laila hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka hypoglycemia. Pono e kāohi ʻia ka ʻai ʻana o kēia mau mea ʻaʻā a ʻaʻole e ʻoi aku.
Nā waiwai kūpono o monosaccharides a me ko lākou hopena ma ke kino
- waiwai o ke kino me ka ikehu;
- hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o ka lolo;
- hoʻopau i nā mea make;
- hoʻohana ʻia no ka nāwaliwali o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai;
- pono e hoʻoikaika i ka ʻōnaehana pale pale;
- hoʻomāʻona maikaʻi i ka pōloli, me ka koho kūpono o nā huahana (cereals, nā mea kanu maka, nā huaʻai);
- ke ola hou o ka ikaika ma hope o ka hoʻoikaika kino;
- hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano.
ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu, nā mea lawe i nā monosaccharides, palekana ia no ka poʻe me ka predisposition diabetic. Akā nā huaʻai i kēia hihia e ʻai ʻia me ke akahele.
He mea nui ia e ʻike i ka ʻai ʻana o ka fructose e hoʻēmi ai i ka makaʻu o ka pala o ka niho, diathesis, a kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i nā pae kō i ke ʻano he diabetes. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pono ka fructose i ka insulin e hele i loko o ke koko a me nā mea kūloko.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ka pōmaikaʻi o nā monosaccharides i hōʻike ʻia e ka galactose he mea kōkua ia e omo i ka calcium, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻōnaehana ʻōpū, a hoʻoulu i nā kaʻina hana o ka hoʻoponopono nūpiʻi.
He mea nui ka glucose no ka mea he ʻāpana ia o ke koko. ʻO kēia ka mea nui o ka meaʻai no ka ikehu.
Ka launa pū me nā mea ʻē aʻe
Paipai nā monosaccharides i ka omo ʻana o ka calcium a me ka huaora C. ʻAʻole lākou i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia i ka wā o ka hydrolysis.
Nā hōʻailona o ka nele o monosaccharides i ke kino:
- hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke kō kō;
- nā mea nui;
- pōloli;
- haki i ke kaʻina hana metabolic;
- he hōʻemi nui i ke kaumaha o ke kino;
- kaumaha.
Nā hōʻailona o ka ʻoi aku o monosaccharides i ke kino:
- ke koko kiʻekiʻe;
- haki i ke kaulike acid-base;
- distrophy ate;
- ka hoʻomanawanui ʻole i nā huahana waiu.
Nā kumu e hoʻopili ana i ka ʻike o nā monosaccharides i loko o ke kino
ʻO ke kumu, komo nā monosaccharides i ke kino me ka meaʻai. Hiki ke synthesize ʻia ka Glucose a me ka fructose me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā disaccharides a me ka starch.
ʻO Monosaccharides no ka nani a me ke olakino
ʻO ka hoʻohana pololei ʻana o monosaccharides e hana ai i ke kino, ikaika, piha i ka ikaika a me ka ikaika. Hana ka lolo i ka ikaika piha, ʻaʻole haʻalele kahi kanaka i kahi ʻano maikaʻi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia kekahi mea nui i loko o nā meaʻai momona - hāʻawi kā lākou hoʻohana i ka hana ʻana o ka hormone o ka hauʻoli.