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Myopia: nā mea āpau āu e ʻike ai e pili ana i ka nearsighted
Myopia: he aha ia?
La myopia ʻaʻole ia he maʻi akā a ua pōʻino ka hihiʻo ka mea i hoikeia e a ʻike maka akā ʻike maopopo pupū mai kahi mamao aku. E pili ana i kahi hapakolu o nā poʻe mākua ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ʻo ka myopia ka hemahema ʻike maʻamau, a ke piʻi mau nei kona prevalence.
Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ma kamakahiki kula (i ka wā kamaliʻi a i ʻole ka wā ʻōpio) a piʻi i ka wā makua, kahi e hoʻomau ai. ʻO kekahi mau myopias ikaika, i kapa ʻia ʻo myopia "maʻi", ʻaʻole naʻe e ulu aʻe i ke ola.
Aia ia nā pae like ʻole o ka myopia ʻokoʻa mai kekahi kumuhana a i kekahi kumuhana e hopena ai i a ka hoʻopaʻi maka nui a emi mai paha. ʻAʻole koi ʻia ka poʻe myopia "māmā" e hoʻoponopono i ko lākou myopia mau loa akā aia wale nō i nā kūlana pilikia a pono paha e like me ke kaʻa, hele i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, etc.
Ma ka ophthalmology, ua ana ʻia ka nui o nā hewa refractive (me ka myopia) i nā diopters. Ma ka convention, ua wehewehe ʻia ke degere o ka myopia me kahi hōʻailona "minus", mai ka laʻana mai -0,25 a i -2,50 diopters no haʻahaʻa myopia, - 2,75 i -6 diopters no myopia waena, -6 diopters a ma luna no myopia ikaika.
ʻO wai ka mea i loaʻa i ka myopia?
ʻO ka laha ʻana o ka myopia i nā lāhui like ʻole e like me ka makahiki,kumu ʻāina, A me ka'ia. Ma Farani, e like me ka Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS), 29% o ka heluna kanaka he ʻike maka. ʻO kēia hoʻi ka helu i loaʻa ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka hopena o nā ʻāina ʻĀsia: 80 a 90% o nā keiki o ke kula he pōkole ka ʻike ma kekahi mau kūlanakauhale o Kina, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Iapana, a i ʻole South Korea. Ma waena o lākou, 10 a 20% ka myopia kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke alakaʻi i complications lua kupapaʻu.
Wahi a kekahi mau manaʻo, ʻo 2,5 biliona mau kānaka (kahi hapakolu o ka heluna o ka honua) e ʻike kokoke i 2020, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 1,6 biliona i kēia lā.2.
Nā kumu o ka myopia
Ma ka maka maʻamau, hoʻopuka ʻia ke kiʻi o nā mea i ka retina (kahi ʻano "kiʻi kiʻi" aia ma hope o ka maka). ʻO ke koʻo a me ka lens, nā lens ma mua o ka maka, e hana i kahi kiʻi ʻoi ma ka retina.
I ka hihia o ka myopia, ʻaʻole ma ka retina ka lae o ka ʻoi, akā ma mua. ʻO ka pinepine, pili kēia ʻano i ka maka i lōʻihi loa. A laila ʻōlelo mākou axile myopia.
ʻOi aku ka kakaikahi, hiki ke komo pū kekahi curvature kiʻekiʻe o ka cornea. I nā hihia āpau, ʻike ʻia ke kiʻi o nā mea mamao, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i ka lens ke uku.
ʻO nā kumu o ka myopia ʻelua ke kupa et nā mea pili, aole nae i ike nui ia. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 mau ʻāpana genetic i ʻike ʻia a hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i nā genes i pili i ka myopia3. Wahi a kekahi mau noiʻi, ʻoi aku ma mua o 70 mau genes i ke kuleana i loko nā mea ʻino o ka hōʻano hou1. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau genes code no nā kumu ulu, a i ʻole no nā mea o ka ocular matrix2.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ke hoʻomau nei ka piʻi ʻana o ka myopia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ʻike ka poʻe noiʻi he mea koʻikoʻi nā kumu o ke kaiapuni i ka ulu ʻana o kēia maʻi ʻike. Wahi a kahi noiʻi hou4, nele i ka ʻike ʻana i ka lā maoli hoʻopilikia i ka ulu ʻana o ka maka a hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka myopia. ʻO nā nohona o kēia manawa (nā pāʻani wikiō, heluhelu, nā pale, nā hana waho waho, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) no laila e pale ʻia i ka hiki.
Ka papa a me nā pilikia kūpono
I ka hapanui o nā hihia, hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻia ʻo axile myopia iā ia iho a hoʻoponopono ʻia, ʻaʻole ia he pilikia i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā. Hoʻopaʻa maʻamau ia ma kahi o 25 mau makahiki a ʻaʻole pinepine ma mua o -6 diopters.
Eia naʻe, holomua kekahi myopia (i kapa ʻia hoʻi nā maʻi myopia) a ʻaʻole paʻa. Pono lākou i ka nānā maka maʻamau e ke kauka ophthalmic, a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻike pinepine.
Eia kekahi, pili ka myopia (ʻoi aku ka ikaika) me ka piʻi nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi maka koʻikoʻi.1Including:
- un hoʻokaʻawale retina ka mea e hiki ai i ka makapō;
- glaucoma (ka pohō o ke aʻalolo optic);
- cataracts (opua o ka lens);
- koko mai ka makula (wahi waena o ka retina).
ʻO ka hope, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole pōmaikaʻi nā kānaka a pau o ka honua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻike kūpono. Ua manaʻo ʻia he 150 miliona mau kānaka ma ka honua e loaʻa i nā hewa refractive ʻole, 8 miliona o lākou i manaʻo ʻia he makapō.2.
ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka myopia:
- a nalowale o ka ike maka mai kahi mamao aku (He pili ka hua'ōlelo "lōʻihi". E hoʻomaka ana ka ʻike maka mai kahi mau ʻumi kenimika ka mamao i nā hihia o ka myopia kiʻekiʻe);
- a pono e hookokoke aku e ike maopopo (ʻo ia kekahi o nā hōʻailona i ʻike ʻia o ka myopia mua);
- paʻakikī ka ʻike ʻana i ke kaʻa ʻana i kahi kaʻa, he mea pōʻino loa ia no ʻoe iho a no kekahi;
- i kekahi manawa ma ke poo.
ʻIke mālie ʻia ka myopia haʻahaʻa. ʻIke ʻia nā mea mamao a pohihihi, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea kokoke e mau nō ke ʻano maʻa.
ʻO ka maʻamau, pilikia nā keiki myopic a ʻōpio paha i ka heluhelu ʻana i ka mea i kākau ʻia ma ka papa ʻeleʻele ke noho lākou ma hope o ka lumi papa. Paʻakikī ka heluhelu ʻana i nā hōʻailona mamao a i ʻole nā inoa alanui.
ʻO ka maʻi myopia, a i ʻole ka myopia ikaika, hoʻomaka mua i ka wā kamaliʻi. Hoʻololi wikiwiki ia i ke ola a pau, ʻaʻole paʻa i ka wā makua. Hiki iā ia ke hiki i - 30 diopters. ʻO kēia ʻano myopia ka mea e pilikia ai ka pilikia (retinal detachment, glaucoma, cataracts mua, makapō).
ʻO ka poʻe i pilikia i ka myopia
ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o ka myopia:
- ma kekahi mau ohana, no ka mea nā kumu genetic. ʻO nā keiki me hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā mākua ʻelua i ʻike maka ʻoi aku ka ʻike ma mua o nā keiki ʻē aʻe.
- i ka poʻe o ka moʻopuna Caucasian a me ka ʻAsia, a ʻaʻole i maʻamau i ka poʻe o ka lāhui ʻApelika1.
Nā mea pilikino
ʻO kekahi mau kumu kaiapuni e hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka myopia:
- le liʻiliʻi ka manawa ma waho i ka wā kamaliʻi5, a no laila ka nele o ka ʻike ʻana i ka lā;
- ka hana nui o kekahi mau hana e koi ana i na maka hana pili, e like me ka heluhelu, wiliwili, kekahi mau lealea wikiō, a pela aku… 2;
- ʻO ke koi ikaika no ka hana kokoke i ka wā kamaliʻi a me ka wā ʻōpio: ke kamaʻilio nei mākou no ka myopia kula.
Ka manaʻo o kā mākou kauka
Ma ke ʻano he ʻano kūpono, hoʻokipa aku ʻo Passeportsanté.net iā ʻoe e ʻike i ka manaʻo o kahi ʻoihana olakino. Hāʻawi ʻo Dr Jacques Allard iā ʻoe i kona manaʻo ma ka myopia :
ʻO ka myopia ka maʻi maʻamau maʻamau a ke hoʻomau nei ka piʻi ʻana. Hōʻike maʻamau ia i ka makahiki kula a he mea nui ia e hopu koke i ka hiki. Inā hōʻailona ʻia kou paʻakikī i ka ʻike ʻana mai kahi mamao aku i mea e keʻakeʻa ai iā ʻoe i ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi hana a i ʻole e pale iā ʻoe mai ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i kekahi mau hana, e nīnau i ke kauka ʻike maka (optometrist ma Quebec a i ʻole ophthalmologist ma Farani). Eia kekahi, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e loaʻa i kekahi pilikia ʻike maka, pono ʻoe e nānā mua i kou mau maka ma 40 mau makahiki a i nā manawa maʻamau ma hope, i kēlā me kēia 2 a i 4 mau makahiki ma waena o 40 a 54 mau makahiki, kēlā me kēia 1 a 3 mau makahiki ma waena. 55 a me 64 makahiki, a i kēlā me kēia 1 a 2 makahiki ma hope o 65 makahiki. ʻO Kauka Jacques Allard MD FCMFC |