ʻO ka ihu (mai ka ihu Lākina), ʻo ia ka ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka maka, aia ma waena o ka waha a me ka lae, pili pū i ka hanu a me ka olfaction.

ʻAno.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia e like me ka pyramid nasal, loaʻa i ka ihu kahi ʻano triangular1 Kūkulu kūwaho. Hana ʻia ka ihu i nā cartilages a me kahi iwi iwi (1,2).

• Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻaoʻao luna o ka ihu e nā iwi kūpono o ka ihu, i pili i nā iwi o ka maka maka.
• Hana ʻia ka ʻaoʻao lalo i mau cartilages.

Ke ʻano kūloko. Hoʻomaopopo ka ihu i nā ihu ihu a i ʻole nā ​​lua. ʻElua i ka helu, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e ka ihu a septum septum paha (1,2). Kamaʻilio lākou ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua:

• Me ka waho ma o nā puka ihu;
• Me ka nasopharynx, mahele kiʻekiʻe o ka pharynx, ma o nā orifices i kapa ʻia ʻo choanae;
• Me nā waimaka waimaka, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ʻike ʻia me nā kaha waimaka, kahi e hoʻoneʻe ai i ka wai waimaka nui i ka ihu;
• Me nā sinuses, aia i loko o nā iwi cranial, nā ʻeke ea.

ʻO ka hanana o ka lua nasal.

Mucous membrane o ka ihu. Hoʻopili ia i nā puka ihu a uhi ʻia me nā maka maka.

• I ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa, loaʻa nā kīʻaha koko he nui a me nā aʻa mucus, e mālama nei i ka wai ma loko o nā lua ihu.
• I ka ʻaoʻao i luna, he mau aʻa mucus ko loko akā he nui nā hunaola ʻoliva.

Nā ʻīniha. Hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi superposition iwi, pili lākou i ka hanu ʻana ma ka pale ʻana i ke kahe o ka lewa ma o nā puka ihu.

Hana hanu. Mālama ka ihu i ka hele o ka lewa i hoʻoiho ʻia i ka pharynx. Hoʻopili pū ʻia ia i ka hoʻolele ʻana a me ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka ea i hoʻoulu ʻia (3).

Pale pale pale pale pale pale kino. Ke hele nei i nā ala ihu, kānana pū ʻia ka ea e nā eyelashes a me nā mucus, i loaʻa i ka mucosa (3).

ʻOihana o olfaction. Kuhi nā ʻaoʻao ihu i nā hunaola olfactory a me nā hopena o ke aʻalolo olfactory, kahi e lawe i ka leka sensory i ka lolo (3).

Ke kuleana ma ka phonation. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ke kani leo no ka haʻalulu o nā kaula leo, aia ma ka pae o ka larynx. Pāʻani ka ihu i kahi kūlana resonance.

Pihu ihu. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka haki maka maʻamau (4).

epistaxis. Kūlike ia me ka nosebleed. Nui nā kumu: trauma, ke koko kiʻekiʻe, ka haunaele o ka coagulation, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe (5).

ʻāhinahina. Pili ia i ka mumū o ka uhi o ka ihu a hōʻike ʻia me he ihu nui kahe, kahe pinepine, a me ka ihu (6). Huʻi a paʻa paha, hiki i ka rhinitis ke kumu ʻia e kahi maʻi bacteria a i ʻole maʻi maʻi viral akā hiki pū kekahi ma muli o kahi hopena maʻi ʻino (allergic rhinitis, i kapa ʻia hoʻi he hay fever).

anu. Kapa ʻia kekahi viral a i ʻole rhinitis huehue, pili ia i ka maʻi viral o nā ihu ihu.

ʻO Rhinopharyngite ou Nasopharyngite. Kūlike ia i kahi maʻi viral o nā ihu ihal a me ka pharynx, a ʻoi aku ka pololei o ka nasopharynx a i ʻole nasopharynx.

ʻO Sinusitis. Kūlike ia me ka lū o nā membrane mucous e uhi ana i ka loko o nā sinus. ʻAʻole hoʻoneʻe hou ʻia ka mucus i hana ʻia i ka ihu a ālai i nā sinus. Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia ia e ka maʻi bacteria a maʻi maʻi paha.

Ihu a i ʻole sinus cancer. Hiki ke ulu i kahi puʻupuʻu malignant i loko o nā hunaola o ka lua nasal a i ʻole nā ​​sinus. ʻAno laha ʻole ka hoʻomaka ʻana (7).

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Kaukaʻi ʻia i nā kumu o ka lī, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drug, antihistamines, decongestants i kuhikuhi ʻia.

Phytotherapy. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau huahana a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻohui e pale i kekahi mau maʻi a hoʻomaha i nā hōʻailona inflammatory.

Septoplastie. Hoʻopili kēia hana ʻoki kino i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kahi kuhi o ka nasal septum.

ʻO Rhinoopila. Pili kēia hana ʻoki kino i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hanana o ka ihu no nā kumu hana a nani paha.

Hoʻopaʻa ʻana. Ke hoʻohana nei i kahi laser a i ʻole kahi huahana kemika, hiki i kēia ʻenehana ke hiki, ke kikoʻī, e luku i nā hunaola maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole e pale i nā kīʻaha koko i ka hihia o ka epistaxis benign hou.

Lapaʻau ʻoki kino. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka wahi a me ke kahua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, hiki ke hana ʻia ke ʻoki e wehe i ka tumo.

Ke kaulike. Hiki i ke kauka ke nānā pono i waho o ka ihu. Hiki ke nānā ʻia i loko o ka lua o ka ihu e ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā paia me kahi kikoʻī.

Rhinofibroscopy. Hana ʻia ma lalo o ka anesthesia kūloko, hiki i kēia hoʻokolohua ke ʻae i ka nānā ʻana o ka piko nasal, pharynx a me larynx.

Aesthetic waiwai o ka ihu. ʻO ke kinona o ka ihu kahi hiʻohiʻona kino o ka maka (2).

ʻO ka ihu i ka mōʻaukala. Hōʻike ka ʻōlelo kaulana a ka mea kākau ʻo Blaise Pascal: “ʻO ka ihu o Cleopatra, inā he pōkole loa ia, inā ua hoʻololi ka maka holoʻokoʻa o ka honua. “(8).

Ka ihu i ka palapala. ʻO ka "ihu ihu" kaulana i ka pāʻani Cyrano de Bergerac na ka mea pāʻani keaka ʻo Edmond Rostand i hoʻomākeʻaka i ke ʻano o ka ihu o Cyrano (9).