ʻO ka otitis media: wehewehe

ʻO ka maʻi otitis media (AOM) kahi maʻi o ka pepeiao waena e pili ana i ka pahu pepeiao a i ʻole ka eardrum, kahi lua iwi liʻiliʻi ma waena o ka eardrum a me ka pepeiao i loko a me nā ossicles.

Hoʻopili ʻia kēia lua e kahi auwai (ka Eustachian tube) i ka nasopharynx aia ma ke kua o nā lua ihu (e nānā i ke kiʻikuhi ma lalo). Kōkua ka Eustachian tube e hoʻohālikelike i ke kaomi ea ma waena o nā ala ihu, ka pepeiao waena a me ka ea waho.

Hōʻike ʻia ka otitis media maʻamau (AOM) e kahi hoʻoheheʻe purulent maʻamau i loko o ka eardrum.

Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo AOM i kahi maʻi bacterial a i ʻole maʻi maʻi, virus a i ʻole bacteria e hoʻohaumia pinepine i ka pepeiao waena ma muli o kahi rhino-sinusitis ai ole ia, he rhino-pharyngite ma ka aie ana i ka paipu eustachian.

ʻO ka maʻi a i ʻole ka mumū o ka ihu a me nā sinuses (nasosinus), nā adenoids i hoʻonui ʻia e hiki ke keakea i ka paipu eustachian, e hoʻoheheʻe ai ka wai i loko o ka eardrum (otitis media). 'o ka inflammatory mua akā hiki ke ma'i, ma ka lilo 'ana i ka ma'i, e ho'ololi i ka otitis media. 

ʻO ka maʻamau, hōʻike ʻia ʻo AOM e ke kuni a me ka ʻeha ma hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ​​​​pepeiao ʻelua (ʻo ka pinepine hoʻokahi wale nō) ʻo ia ka mea pinepine loa, akā ʻaʻole i nā manawa a pau.

Nā hōʻailona o ka otitis i nā keiki

Hiki ke alakaʻi hewa nā hōʻailona, ​​ʻoi aku ka nui o nā keiki a me nā pēpē. E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka otitis media i ka wā: 

• hoopa pinepine ke keiki i kona pepeiao
• uē ke keiki, huhū, pilikia ka hiamoe
• nele i ka makemake.
• loaʻa i nā maʻi hoʻoheheʻe, alakaʻi hewa loa me ka maʻi maʻi a me ka luaʻi
• loaʻa ka lohe (ʻaʻole pane ke keiki i nā leo haʻahaʻa).

Nā hōʻailona o ka otitis media i nā mākua

• ʻeha ʻeha (i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka paʻi ʻana o ka puʻuwai) i loko o ka pepeiao, hiki ke hoʻomālamalama i ke poʻo.
• he manaʻo paʻa nā pepeiao, nalowale ka lohe.
• i kekahi manawa ke kani ʻana i ka pepeiao a i ʻole ka noʻonoʻo

Ke hū ʻia ka eardrum, hiki i ka otitis ke hopena i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana ma ka puka pepeiao o kahi kahe purulent ʻoi aʻe a liʻiliʻi paha.

ʻO ka hōʻailona o ka otitis media

Pono e kūkākūkā i ke kauka no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka ʻike o AOM a e hoʻoholo i ke kūpono o ka lāʻau antibiotic.

Hana ʻia ka ʻike ma ka nānā ʻana i ka eardrum, kūpono me kahi microscope. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi AOM me ka purulent effusion mai kahi otitis congestive, i kaupalena ʻia i ka mumū o ka eardrum.

E hoʻomaopopo he hiki i kēia hoʻokolohua ke hōʻike i kekahi ʻano o ka otitis media acute, myringitis (ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻā ʻana o ka eardrum), ʻo ke kumu viral, ʻeha loa ka hopena i ke alo o kahi ʻōhū e uhi pinepine ʻia kokoke i ka pahu pepeiao., akā, pili wale nō i ka pahu pepeiao, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma hope o ka hou ʻana i kēia ʻōhū, ka mea maʻamau e nalowale ai ka ʻeha, mau ka paʻa o ka pepeiao, me ka ʻole o ka puka ʻana o ka pepeiao.

ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka otitis media acute

Inā mālama maikaʻi ʻia, hoʻōla ʻo AOM i 8 a 10 mau lā, akā pono mau e nānā i ke ʻano o ka eardrum ma hope o ka mālama ʻana a me ka hōʻoia, ʻoi aku i nā keiki, ua hoʻi maikaʻi ka lohe.

No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o AOM akā hiki i nā pilikia he nui:

Serous a serum-mucous otitis

Ma hope o ka ho'ōlaʻana i ka maʻi, ma hope o ka eardrum, he non-purulent akā inflammatory, effusionʻole e hoʻomau, ma kekahiʻaoʻao e hāpai i ka hoʻi houʻana o AOM.

Hiki i kēia ho'ohehe'e 'ana ke ho'omau i ka nalo o ka lohe 'ana i nā keiki no ka mea, 'o ia ke kumu o ka lohi 'ōlelo; no laila pono ka nānā ʻana i ka pau ʻana o ka mālama ʻana. He leo kiʻi (hōʻike hoʻokolohua) pono paha inā kānalua. I ka loaʻa ʻole o ka ho'ōla, hiki ke alakaʻi ʻia kekahi e ʻōlelo i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi aerator transtympanic.

ʻAha o Tympanic

Hiki i ka purulent effusion ke hoʻoikaika ikaika i ka eardrum nawaliwali (ma kēia ʻano ʻoi loa ka ʻeha) a ke kumu i ka perforation o ka eardrum., me ke kahe koko o ka pus i kekahi manawa e hoopau ai i ka eha.

Ma hope o ka ho'ōla ʻana, hoʻopaʻa maʻamau ka eardrum, akā i nā manawa like ʻole, hiki i kekahi manawa ke lōʻihi i kekahi mau mahina.

Nā hanana kūʻokoʻa

• la ka maningitis
• labyrinth
• mastoiditis, kakaikahi i keia la
• ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi - me ka cholesteatoma, kahi ʻano o ka otitis aggressive maʻi - ua maʻalahi hoʻi. 

ʻO nā keiki, ʻoi aku ka hopena ma mua o nā pākeke

Ma ka makahiki 3, ua manaʻo ʻia aia ma kahi o 85% o nā keiki e loaʻa i hoʻokahi AOM ma kahi liʻiliʻi, a ʻo ka hapalua e loaʻa i ʻelua mau liʻiliʻi. Hoʻopilikia nui ʻia ka AOM i nā keiki, ma muli o ke ʻano a me ke kūlana o kā lākou eustachian tube (ʻikiʻi a hoʻonoho ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao ākea) a me ke ʻano ʻole o kā lākou ʻōnaehana pale. ʻOi aku ka pilikia o nā keikikāne ma mua o nā kaikamahine, no nā kumu ʻaʻole mākou i ʻike.

ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻo ia hoʻi nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūʻē i ka pneumococcus a me ka Haemophilus influenza, ua hiki ke hoʻemi i ke alapine o ka otitis media a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā AOM i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā lāʻau antibiotic-resistant. 

Loaʻa ka AOM i nā hihia o ka hana ʻino o ka paipu eustachian, serum-mucous otitis (ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ka wai mau ma hope o ka eardrum), nā maʻi hou o ka ihu a i ʻole nā ​​​​sinus o ka maʻi a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻole. .

He mea maʻamau nō hoʻi i ka wā o nā maʻi palekana (nā keiki i hānau mua ʻia, malnourished, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a i ʻole nā ​​anatomical abnormalities o ka maka, trisomy 21, cleft palate (a i ʻole harelip) no ka laʻana.

Pehea ʻoe e loaʻa ai ka maʻi pepeiao?

•     Ka hele ʻana i kahi nursery a i ʻole crèche.
•     Ka ʻike ʻana i ka uahi paka a i ʻole nā ​​kiʻekiʻe o ka haumia.
•     ʻO ka hānai ʻana i ka ʻōmole ma mua o ka hānai ʻana (e nānā i ka ʻāpana Kāohi).
•     ʻO ka hānai ʻana i ka ʻōmole i ka wā e moe ana.
•     Hoʻohana pinepine i ka pacifier
•     ʻO ka nele o ka puhi kūpono