PMA: nā ʻenehana hoʻohua i kōkua ʻia e ke kauka

Kokua Lapaau (PMA) ua hana ʻia e ka kānāwai bioethics o Iulai 1994, hoʻololi ʻia i Iulai 2011. Hōʻike ʻia i ka wā e kū ana ka male i kahi ” ʻike ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau A i ʻole e pale i ka lawe ʻana i kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi i ke keiki a i ʻole kekahi o nā lālā o ka male. ʻO ia Hoʻonui ʻia i Iulai 2021 i nā wahine hoʻokahi a me nā kāne male, i loaʻa i ka hoʻohua i kōkua ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana like me nā kāne heterosexual.

ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ovarian: ka hana mua

La hoʻonāukiuki ovarian ʻO ia ka mea maʻalahi a pinepine i ka noi mua i hana ʻia i nā kāne e ʻike nei i nā pilikia fertility, ʻoiai ma nā hihiahaʻalele ʻole ʻana (anovulation) a i ʻole ka ovulation maikaʻi ʻole a / a maikaʻi ʻole paha (dysovulation). ʻO ka hoʻouluʻana i ka ovarian i ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hanaʻana e nā ovaries o ka heluna o nā follicles makua, a pēlā e loaʻa ai ka'ōpiopio maikaʻi.

E kuhikuhi mua ke kauka i ka lāʻau lapaʻau waha (clomiphene citrate) ka mea e paipai i ka hana ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o kahi oocyte. Lawe ʻia kēia mau papa ma waena o ka lā ʻelua a me ke ono o ka pōʻai. Inā ʻaʻohe hopena ma hope o kekahi mau pōʻaiapuni, ʻo kahoʻo·kino homoni a laila, noi ʻia. I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka ovarian, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau me nā hoʻokolohua e like me ka ultrasound scans a me ka hormone assays no ka nānā ʻana i nā hopena a hiki ke hoʻoponopono hou i nā dosages (e pale i ka pilikia o ka hyperstimulation, a no laila nā hopena ʻaoʻao makemake ʻole. ).

ʻO ka hoʻomake ʻana: ʻo ka ʻenehana kahiko loa o ka hoʻohua hou ʻana

THEinsemination kūlohelohe ʻO ia ke ala kahiko loa o ka hānau ʻana i kōkua ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau akā ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia, no nā pilikia o ka male ʻole o ke kāne a me nā maʻi ovulation. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka insemination artificial i ka waiho ʻana ka sperm i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka wahine. ʻO ka maʻalahi a me ka ʻeha ʻole, ʻaʻole pono kēia hana i ka haukapila a hiki ke hana hou ʻia i kekahi mau pōʻai. Hoʻomaka pinepine ʻia ka insemination artificial e ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka ovulation.

• IVF: fertilization ma waho o ke kino kanaka

La i ka hoʻouluulu vitro (IVF) ʻōlelo ʻia i nā hihia o ka ovulation disturbance, tubal obstruction a i ʻole i nā kāne, inā ʻaʻole lawa ka motile sperm. Hoʻopili kēia i ka lawe ʻana i nā oocytes (ova) a me ka spermatozoa ma waho o ke kino wahine, ma kahi ʻano kūpono i ko lākou ola ʻana (i loko o ka hale hana), me ka manaʻo e hoʻouluulu. ʻEkolu lā ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā hua, waiho ʻia ka ʻōhua i loaʻa i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka makuahine.

ʻO ka helu lanakila ma kahi o 25%. ʻO ka maikaʻi o kēiaʻano hana: hiki iā ia ke "koho" i ka spermatozoa maikaʻi loa a me ka ova, mahalo i ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i ka spermatozoa a me ka hoʻouluʻana paha o ka ovarian. Aʻo kēia, i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka manawa o ka fertilization. ʻO kēia lapaʻau i kekahi manawa ka hopena hāpai keiki he nui, ma muli o ka nui o nā embryos (ʻelua a ʻekolu paha) i waiho ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpū.

• Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): kekahi ʻano o IVF

ʻO ke ʻano hana ʻē aʻe no ka fertilization in vitro ʻo ia ka intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Aia i loko o microinjection o kahi sperm i ka cytoplasm o a oocyte makua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi micro-pipette. Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻano hana inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka in vitro fertilization (IVF) a i ʻole i ka wā e pono ai kahi laʻana mai ka testis no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka sperm. Aia ma kahi o 30%.

ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā embryos: kahi ʻenehana i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia

ʻO kēia ʻano hana hoʻohua kōkua e pili ana i ke kanu ʻana i loko o ka ʻōpū he embryo mai nā mākua hāʻawi. I mea e pōmaikaʻi ai i kēia hoʻoili ʻana o nā embryos hau i hāʻawi ʻia me ka inoa ʻole e kekahi mau kāne i loaʻa iā lākou iho i ka ART, ua maʻamau ka male ʻana o ka male i ka lua ʻole a i ʻole ka pilikia o ka lawe ʻana i kahi maʻi genetic i ʻike ʻia. Eia kekahi, ua ho'āʻo mua ʻia nā hoʻāʻo maʻamau i ka hānau ʻana i kōkua ʻia e ke kauka.