Contents
ʻO ka lachrymation, rhinitis a me ka ʻū - ʻo kēia mau hōʻailona a ka hapa nui o ka poʻe e manaʻo nei he hōʻailona o ke anu. Eia nō naʻe, inā hoʻopilikia lākou i ke kanaka i ka pūnāwai, ke kauwela a i ʻole ka hāʻule, a hana hou i ka manawa like, a laila ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike i kahi maʻi viral, akā ʻo ka maʻi maʻi kau.
ka wela (mai ka Latin "pollen" a i ʻole pollen) he maʻi maʻi i hōʻike ʻia iā ia iho i ka wā o ka pua o nā mea kanu. I kēia hihia, hoʻomaka ke kanaka e ʻoki, ʻū, hiki ke loaʻa i ka maʻi hānō, i kekahi manawa ʻike ʻia nā ʻili. Wahi a ka CDC, 8,1% o ka heluna kanaka he maʻi i ka pollen. [1].
Hoʻoulu ʻia ka pollinosis i nā poʻe i loaʻa i kahi gene defect mai ko lākou mau mākua. No ka manawa mua, ʻike ka maʻi iā ia iho i ka wā ʻōpiopio. ʻOi aku ka maʻi o nā wahine i ka hay fever. Inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia, a laila hoʻoweliweli ia e lilo i ka maʻi maʻi, i ka wā e hiki mai ana e alakaʻi i ka ulu ʻana o ka hānō bronchial.
Nā kumu o ka hay fever
Hōʻike ka pollinosis iā ia iho i kahi kanaka i hoʻololi i nā genes, i ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai nā mea kanu e pua, kahi i hoʻololi ʻia ai kona pale ʻana. ʻO kēia mau genes ka mea e hoʻoikaika ai ka ʻōnaehana pale, kahi e alakaʻi ai i nā hopena pathological.
Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau mea kanu i ka makani. ʻO kā lākou microscopic pollen, me ka ea inhaled, komo i ka bronchi, nā mucous membrane o nā lehelehe, nā maka, a me ka waha waha. Pili pū i ka ʻili. I loko o kēlā me kēia o nā hale i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, aia nā cell immune e ʻike i nā ʻāpana pollen i pathological no lākou a hoʻomaka e hoʻokuʻu i ka histamine a me ka histidine i loko o ke koko. Hōʻike ʻia kēlā ʻano hopena o ke kino e nā hōʻailona pili.
Predisposition genetic
ʻO ka hiki ke ulu i ka hay fever i loko o kahi keiki:
Inā maʻi nā mākua ʻelua, a laila hoʻomohala ke keiki i ka maʻi ma 50% o nā hihia.
Inā pilikia wale ka makuahine a makua paha i ka pollinosis, a laila ʻo 25% ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi i loko o kahi keiki.
Inā ʻaʻohe allergy nā mākua, a laila ʻo 10% ka nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke keiki. Inā noho ʻo ia i nā wahi maikaʻi mai ka hānau ʻana, hānau ʻia i ka hoʻoilo a i ʻole ka puna mua (ʻaʻole i ka wā pua o nā mea kanu), a ʻaʻole hoʻi e ʻike pinepine i nā maʻi maʻi viral, ua hōʻemi ʻia ka hopena o ka hay fever.
Ua ʻike ka poʻe ʻepekema i kekahi mau mea pilikia e hoʻonui ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā allergies i kahi keiki.
Nā lākou:
Ua hānau ʻia ke keiki mai kahi wahine i loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi ma ka hopena o ka hāpai ʻana.
Hānau ke keiki i ke kau mahana.
Noho ke keiki ma kahi me nā kūlana kaiapuni maikaʻi ʻole.
I loko o nā mahina ʻeono mua o kona ola ʻana ma ke kūlanakauhale, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā mea ʻona i ka lewa mai nā ʻoihana ʻoihana.
Ua hoʻolauna mua ʻia nā meaʻai hoʻohui i ka pēpē, a i ʻole me ka nānā ʻole ʻana i nā lula kumu.
Ua ʻai ke keiki i nā meaʻai i loaʻa nā pūmua protein e like me ka pollen allergen.
Ka wā pua no nā mea kanu:
Hiki i ke kanaka ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona mua o ka hay fever i ka pūnāwai - i ka hopena o ʻApelila a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Mei. ʻO ka pollen o nā lāʻau e like me: alder, hazel, birch, poplar, oak a i ʻole linden hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki i kona ulu ʻana. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ke kumu o ka hopena maʻi ʻo ka pollen o nā lāʻau e like me: spruce, fir, cedar, pine. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he nui nā ʻāpana o kā lākou pollen, no laila, ʻaʻole nā kānaka a pau e hoʻoulu i nā allergies.
ʻIke ʻia kahi maʻi hou o ka maʻi ma ka hopena o Mei, i ka hoʻomaka o Iulai. I kēia manawa, pua nā cereals. Hiki ke hoʻonāukiʻia ka pollinosis e nā mea kanu i kanuʻia (ka bale, ka palaoa, ka oats, ka rai) a me ka mauʻu (ka mauʻu moe, ka mauʻu hulu, ka mauʻu piko, ka foxtail, timothy, ryegrass). Ina e loaa ke kanaka i ka ma'i ma'i i ka pollen o keia mau meakanu, a e ai pu no hoi i ka cereals mai na hua palapaia i heluia, alaila, e oi aku ana kona mai. I kēia hihia, e komo nā allergens i ke kino me ka ea wale nō, akā me ka meaʻai. ʻAʻole pono e manaʻo ʻia e hoʻololi ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela i ke ʻano kemika o ka protein allergen. E hoʻonāukiuki mau ia i ka hopena maʻi.
Manaʻo ka poʻe he nui ka poplar fluff ke kumu o ko lākou allergies. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻaʻole hiki ke komo i ka'ōpana hanu, no ka mea, ua nui loa. Eia nō naʻe, lawe ka fluff i ka pollen maikaʻi iā ia iho, no laila ke hāʻawi nei i ka ulu ʻana o ka hay fever.
Hoʻoulu pinepine ka allergy i ka hopena o Iulai, i ʻAukake a i Kepakemapa. I loko o kēia wā, pua nā nāhelehele e like me ka ragweed, quinoa, wormwood a me nā ʻupena.
ʻAʻole pili ka pollinosis i ke kanaka a puni ka makahiki. Hoʻoulu ia i nā poʻe noho o nā ʻāpana climatic i ka wā e pua nui ai nā mea kanu. No ka laʻana, ma nā ʻāina hema, ʻike mua ka maʻi, a ma nā ʻāina ʻākau, ma hope.
He hopena ia i ka ua pollinosis. Inā hele pinepine lākou, a laila ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke kanaka i ka maʻi allergies. I kahi maloʻo, piʻi ikaika nā hōʻailona o ka pollinosis. Ma muli o ka lawe ʻana o ka pollen i ka ea maloʻo a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana iā ia ma kahi mamao. ʻO ka ua, ma ka mea ʻē aʻe, kui ia i ka lepo. Inā hāʻule ka mahana o ka ea, a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kanaka, ʻoiai ʻaʻole piʻi ka pollen ma luna o ke kiʻekiʻe o nā wāwae. Eia naʻe, ma mua o ka hekili, piʻi nui ka ʻike o ka pollen i ka lewa.
Nā kumu pilikia no ka hay fever
ʻO ka hiki ke ulu i ka hay fever i loko o kahi keiki:
Loaʻa i nā maʻi ʻaleʻa ʻē aʻe a i ʻole ka hānō
Loaʻa i ka dermatitis atopic (eczema)
He pili koko (e like me ka makua a i ʻole ke kaikunāne) me ka maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole ka hānō
ʻO kahi hana e hōʻike mau iā ʻoe i nā allergens e like me ka dander holoholona a i ʻole nā mites lepo
Hoʻonui ka pilikia inā puhi ka makuahine i ka makahiki mua o ke ola o ke keiki.
Nā hōʻailona o ka hay fever
E ʻike ka mea e loaʻa ana i ka pollinosis i ka manawa like i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻO kāna mau hōʻailona mua:
ʻImi ma ka ihu, ka puʻu, ka pepeiao.
Hoʻopili
ʻO ka lachrymation a me ka ʻili i nā maka. Hōʻike ʻia ka conjunctivitis maʻi e ka photophobia a me ka manaʻo o ke one ma nā maka.
He mau hola ma hope o ke komo ʻana o ka allergen i loko o ka ʻōpū hanu, hoʻomohala ke kanaka i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau hōʻailona:
ʻO ka pehu a me ka ʻulaʻula o nā lihilihi, a me ka mucous membrane o nā maka.
Hoʻomaka nā mea purulent e kū i waho o nā maka.
He ʻū paroxysmal ka mea maʻi.
Paʻakikī ka hanu ʻana, loaʻa paha nā hoʻouka ʻana o ka ʻōpū.
Piʻi ka mahana o ke kino i nā pae subfebrile.
Huhū ke kanaka, mahuahua kona luhi.
ʻIke ʻia ka ʻili ma ka ʻili. Ua like paha lākou me nā kiko nui, e like me nā hives, a i ʻole ma ke ʻano o kahi puʻupuʻu punctate liʻiliʻi, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ka dermatitis atopic.
Hoʻomaka paha ka ʻōpū e ʻona.
Hoʻokumu pinepine ka poʻe maʻi allergy i nā hōʻailona o ka cystitis. Hoʻomaka lākou e kipa pinepine i ka lua e hoʻokahe i kā lākou ʻōpū. I ka wā mimi ʻana, ʻike ʻia nā ʻeha ʻoi loa, a me ka manaʻo ʻaʻole nele loa ke kino.
Inā hoʻomohala ke kanaka i kahi mea maʻi i ka rai, oat a i ʻole pollen palaoa a i ka manawa like e ʻai ai ʻo ia i kēia mau huahana, a laila e koʻikoʻi ka allergy. Loaʻa i ka mea maʻi nā hōʻailona o ka hōʻino ʻana i nā ʻōpū hanu, a hoʻomohala hoʻi i ka edema o ka mucous membrane o ka digestive tract me ko lākou mumū. E hōʻike ʻia kēia e ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, ka nausea, nā ʻōpū ʻole, a me ka ʻōpū.
Allergy kea. I ka wā o ka exacerbation o ka pollinosis, piʻi ka manaʻo o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi allergy keʻa. I ka manawa like, e ulu ikaika ana nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi lalo. Hana kēia no ke kumu i komo ai nā antigens i like ke ʻano me nā allergens nui i ke kino. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo kā lākou kumu ka meaʻai, e wehewehe ʻia ma hope o ka ʻatikala.
Video: Natalia Ilyina, allergist-immunologist, MD, polopeka, kauka nui o ka Institute of Immunology, e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hay fever:
Hoʻoponopono ola
Ke piʻi aʻe ka maʻi, pono ʻoe e hōʻoia i ke komo liʻiliʻi o ka allergen i ke kino. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kou ʻaʻahu, kino a me kou home mai ka pollen e like me ka hiki.
Nā kuhikuhi no ka mea maʻi e hahai:
E holoi i ka ihu a me ka ʻāʻī me ka paʻakai, ka wai paʻakai moana, a i ʻole ka wai paʻakai (Humer, Aquamaris).
E holoi pinepine a holoi i kou maka me ka wai maʻemaʻe. E mālama pono i kēia mau kaʻina hana ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana mai ke alanui.
I kēlā me kēia lā e hana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pulu ma ke keʻena.
Ma hope o ka ua a me ke ahiahi, e hoʻoluliluli i ka lumi.
E kaupalena i kou manawa ma waho i nā lā wela a makani.
E hoʻomaha ma nā wahi i loaʻa i nā kino wai a ʻaʻole ulu nā mea kanu e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi allergies.
Mai haʻalele i ke kūlanakauhale i ka wā pua.
E hoʻomāmā i ka ea i loko o ke keʻena. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i kahi humidifier, pono e kau ʻia nā puka makani me ka gauze wai. Pono e holoi pinepine ʻia a ʻaʻole maloʻo.
E hōʻole i nā kāpeti, nā uluna hulu, nā pālani lalo, nā mea pāʻani palupalu. ʻO lākou a pau e hōʻiliʻili i ka lepo a me ka pollen, no laila lilo lākou i kumu o nā allergens.
I ka hoʻoilo, pono ʻoe e nānā i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā pale o ke kino:
Hoʻopili i kahi hana maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā.
paʻakikī.
E hōʻole i nā hana ʻino.
Hana pāʻani.
Hoʻokō me ka meaʻai
Pono e hoʻolālā ʻia ka meaʻai i ke ʻano i loaʻa ʻole i ke kino nā huahana hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki i nā allergies. Ma lalo o ka pāpā hāʻule ka meli, ka waiū, nā hua citrus, ke kokoleka.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka meaʻai no ka hay fever:
Aleluia | Nā huahana i pāpā ʻia |
mea kanu cereal | ʻO ka pāpaʻi palaoa, ka pia, ka berena, nā huahana palaoa, sorrel, pasta |
Birch, apple tree, alder | Kiwi, plums, peaches, ʻāpala ʻulaʻula, ʻuala, ʻuala, apricots, kukama, cherries, hazelnuts, celery |
ʻO Sagebrush | ʻO nā hua lā, nā hua citrus, ka meli, ka chicory |
ambrosia | ʻO nā hua lā, melon a me ka maiʻa |
Quinoa | Spinach a me nā beets |
mauʻu | ʻO ka meli, ka ʻuala, nā hua sunflower, beets, margarine, watermelons |
Lawe lāʻau
Nā Antihistamines. ʻO ke kumu o ka mālama ʻana i ka hay fever he antihistamines. Kāohi lākou i ka hana ʻana o ka histamine, hoʻomaha i nā hōʻailona allergy maʻamau. I ka wā o ka exacerbation o ka maʻi, ua kuhikuhi ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau mua: Suprastin, Tavegil, Diazolin, etc.
Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau me nā lāʻau o ka hanauna 1 me nā lāʻau o ka hanauna 3. ʻO kā lākou hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa ka nele o kahi manaʻo o ka hiamoe.
Aia kēia mau kālā:
ʻO Cetirizine, Cetrin, Zodak, Zyrtec, L-cet.
Fexofast (Allegra, Fexadine).
ʻO Loratadine (Claritin, Klarotadine).
Erius (Eden, Lorddestin, Desloratadine-TEVA, Desal).
Eia kekahi, hoʻohana ʻia nā antihistamines ma ke ʻano o nā hāʻule:
Kromoglin (Kromoheksal, Kromosol).
E kāpī iā Allergodil.
Beconase (Nasobek), Avamys (Nazarel). Loaʻa kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano o ka nasal sprays, loaʻa iā lākou nā hormones glucocorticosteroid, no laila ua kuhikuhi ʻia lākou i ka wā e paʻakikī ai ka hay fever e sinusitis.
ʻO nā antihistamines o ka hanauna 1 no nā allergies koʻikoʻi i kuhikuhi ʻia me ka ʻole. Pono lākou e lawe ma ka liʻiliʻi no kahi papa pōkole. Hoʻopau lākou i nā hōʻailona o ka allergies, e maʻalahi ai ka hanu ʻana o ka mea maʻi. E lawe i ka lāʻau ma mua o ka moe. I ka lā, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā huahana 3rd hanauna ʻaʻole e hoʻonā i ka hiamoe.
Inā, ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā antihistamines, ʻaʻole i emi nā hōʻailona o ka hay fever, a laila hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Ketotifen no ka mālama ʻana. He lāʻau kēia me ka hopena lōʻihi e ālai ana i nā mea hoʻokipa histamine. Hiki ke ʻike i kona hopena therapeutic ma ke kino wale nō ma hope o 1-2 mau mahina mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lāʻau. I ka manawa like, e ho'ōki ke kanaka i ka ʻeha ʻana i ka ihu holo, e loaʻa iā ia ka ʻūlū a me ka lacrimation, a me ka ʻeha maloʻo maloʻo.
ʻO nā corticosteroid waha. Inā he koʻikoʻi ko ka pollinosis, a laila no ka manawa pōkole e kuhikuhi ʻia ka mea maʻi i nā lāʻau glucocorticosteroid (Metipred a Prednisolone). I ka like, pono ke kanaka e lawe i nā lāʻau e pale ai i ka ʻōpū, no ka laʻana, Omeprazole a i ʻole Almagel. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hoʻohana lōʻihi, no ka mea ke kumu lākou i ka cataracts, nāwaliwali o ka ʻiʻo a me ka osteoporosis.
Nā ihu corticosteroids. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā ʻōpala o kēia ʻano i ka ʻāʻī i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kuni mauʻu. Hāʻawi lākou i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau palekana a maikaʻi hoʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hopena mua i hoʻokahi pule. ʻO ka mea kaulana loa ʻo Flixonase, Altsedin, Nasonex, Avamys, Polydex a me nā analogues ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole like me nā corticosteroids waha, palekana nā ʻōpala. [3].
ʻO ka maʻi immunotherapy (ASIT). Hoʻemi mālie ka Immunotherapy i ka naʻau o nā mea maʻi i nā allergens e hoʻokau i ko lākou mau hōʻailona (i kekahi mau kūlana, hiki ke lōʻihi ka mālama ʻana, a hiki i 4-5 mau makahiki). Eia nō naʻe, alakaʻi ia i kahi kala lōʻihi a pale pū i ka ulu ʻana o ka hānō a me nā allergies hou. [4].
Aia kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau: Antipollin, Diater, Lays Dermatophagoides and Lays Grass, Allergens Staloral a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, akā pono kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau e kuhikuhi iā ʻoe e ke kauka wale nō, ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana i ka allergen! ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ponoʻī, no ka mea, ʻo kēlā me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau e lawelawe nei ma ke ʻano he allergen.
Hōʻike ʻia ka papa ASIT i ke kau anuanu. Hoʻokomo ke kauka i ka allergen ma lalo o ka ʻili i kahi mea liʻiliʻi (e pale aku kēia i ka haʻalulu anaphylactic), a i ʻole ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau waha ma ka home. E hoʻonui mālie i ka nui o ka allergen. E ʻae kēia i ke kino e hoʻololi i kahi mea ʻē aʻe iā ia, a ke hiki mai ka wā pua, mākaukau ke kanaka no ia mea.
I kekahi manawa ua lawa ka 1 papa o ASIT no ka pale ʻana i ka hay fever. ʻOiai i kekahi mau manawa pono e hana hou ʻia i nā makahiki he nui.
Hoʻopau i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi
Ma muli o nā hōʻailona o ka hay fever i hiki mai i mua, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia ka mea maʻi i nā lāʻau e like me:
Nā lāʻau Vasoconstrictor – Nazol, Lazolvan-rino, NOKsprey. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau lāʻau no ka hanu ihu paʻakikī. ʻO ka papa o kā lākou noi he 7 mau lā. Kau ʻia lākou inā ikaika loa ka nasal congestion a aia ka hiki ke hoʻomohala i ka sinusitis.
Me ka hānō — Acolath, Singular. ʻO kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau he leukotriene antagonists. Kuhi ʻia lākou i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai nā hōʻailona o ka hānō bronchial, i ka wā e paʻakikī ai ke kanaka i ka hanu ʻana i ka exhalation, hiki mai nā hōʻeha hānō.
Me ka mumū o nā maka - Ketotifen a me Vizin Allergy. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau kulu maka no ka ʻeha nui o nā kino o ka hihiʻo a no ka lacrimation koʻikoʻi.
nā kūlohelohe kūlohelohe
Loaʻa i ka Turmeric nā mea anti-allergic a me nā waiwai decongestant kūlohelohe. Ua hōʻike nā haʻawina e hoʻopau ka turmeric i nā hopena allergy [5].
Ma ka 2012 loiloi o 10 mau noiʻi ua ʻike ʻia he hopena maikaʻi ka holoi ʻana i ka ihu saline i nā keiki a me nā pākeke me ke kuni mauʻu. [6].
Video: He aha ka mea e hana ai inā pilikia ka hay fever i ke ola?