Trichinosis i loko o ke kanaka

Trichinellosis - kekahi o nā ʻano helminthiasis. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻi ma muli o ka ʻai ʻana i kahi parasite liʻiliʻi o ka papa nematodes. Hoʻomoe ʻo Trichinella i kona mau ʻōpū i loko o ka ʻōpū o ke kanaka, a ma hope o ia mea, komo nā ʻiʻo i loko o nā ʻiʻo me ke kahe koko, a noho ma laila i kahi kūlana dormant. Ma 3-4 mau pule mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi, ulu ka larvae a uhi ʻia me kahi capsule. ʻO ke kumu kumu o ka maʻi he ilo poepoe a hiki i 0,5 mm ka lōʻihi, e lawe ana i ke ʻano o kahi spiral.

ʻO ka nui o ka trichinosis

ʻO Trichinosis i loko o ke kanaka no ka biohelminthiasis, no ka mea, ke kumu ia e nā ilo parasitic - Trichinella. ʻIke ʻia ka maʻi i nā holoholona a me nā kānaka. ʻO nā ʻano nui o nā holoholona i hoʻopilikia pinepine ʻia e ka trichinosis ʻo: wolf, fox, bear, badger, puaʻa hihiu. Hiki nō hoʻi i nā puaʻa home ke loaʻa i kēia ʻano helminthiasis. Hana ʻia kēia i ka wā e ʻai manuahi ai ka puaʻa, ke loaʻa iā lākou ke ʻai i ka ʻiʻo o nā holoholona make a me nā ʻiole liʻiliʻi.

ʻO nā kumu o ka maʻi trichinosis:

• ʻO ka hoʻololi maikaʻi ʻana o ka pathogen i nā wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i hāʻawi iā ia i ka noho ʻana ma nā wahi climatic he nui;

• Hiki loa ke kino o ke kanaka i keia mai;

• ʻAʻole he mea maʻamau ka maʻi o ka helminthiasis ma waena o nā lālā o ka hui like a i ʻole hoʻokahi ʻohana i ʻai i ka ʻiʻo me Trichinella;

• Loaʻa nā hihia hou o ka maʻi ma muli o ka paʻa ʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻouka mua ʻana.

Hoʻololi ʻo Trichinella, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano nematodes hou ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu i kahi capsule, a me nā ʻano mea e hoʻomake i nā manu.

Nā ʻano o ka maʻi me ka trichinosis

Komo ʻo Trichinella i ke kino o ke kanaka ma ka waha, i ka wā e ʻai ai i ka ʻiʻo maʻi. Make nā parasite i ka ʻiʻo i ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, no laila, ʻaʻole i kuke ʻia, hoʻōla ʻia a ʻo ka ʻiʻo maka ka mea nui. ʻO ka puaʻa maʻi, ka ʻiʻo sila, ka ʻiʻo bea, a me ka ʻiʻo puaʻa he mea weliweli loa.

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka trichinosis i ke kino o ke kanaka ma hope o ka maʻi:

ʻO nā hōʻailona mua a me nā hōʻailona o ka trichinosis

ʻAʻole hiki i ka Trichinosis i ke kanaka ke hōʻeha kino i ke kino. ʻAʻohe hoʻololi i ka ʻiʻo ʻiʻo. ʻO ka pōʻino i ke olakino ke kumu o nā protein i hoʻokumu i ke kino o ka parasite. He mau allergens ikaika loa lākou, nā mea'ē. ʻO ka hopena maʻi ikaika loa i hanaʻia e lākou e alakaʻi i ka pōʻino i nā kīʻaha koko a me nā hono.

ʻO ka manawa incubation o trichinosis. Hoʻomaka ia mai 5 a 30 mau lā, pinepine - 10-25 mau lā. ʻAʻohe hōʻailona o ka maʻi. Aia kekahi kumu - ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke ʻano helminthiasis, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manawa latent (huna).

Ke holo nei ka manawa. ʻO kahi lōʻihi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i ka ulu ʻana o kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi o trichinosis.

ʻAno haʻahaʻa a haʻahaʻa - nā hōʻailona:

• ʻO Hyperthermia. Piʻi iki ka mahana, ʻoi aku ma mua o 37°C, ʻokoʻa ka amplitude o kēlā me kēia lā i loko o 1°C.

• ʻO ka pehu ma ke kino a me nā lālā. ʻO kona kumu he hopena maʻi i ka hoʻokomo ʻana o kahi protein haole. ʻO kahi hōʻailona maʻamau ka "alo rana" o ka mea maʻi.

• ʻO ka ʻeha ʻeha ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna a me lalo, nā ʻiʻo o ke kua, ka ʻāʻī, nā maka, pharynx, peritoneum. Hoʻomaka ka ʻeha nui ma nā ʻiʻo bipi, pili i ka ʻōpū a me ka nau ʻana. Hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻeha e ka palpation a me ka neʻe ʻana. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaka e hoʻopilikia i ka mea maʻi mai 1-3 mau lā o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka parasite i loko o ke kino. ʻO ka ʻike mua ʻana o ka ʻeha ʻiʻo he hōʻailona ia o kahi ʻano trichinosis koʻikoʻi.

ʻAhu ma ka ʻili. Loaʻa nā ʻano like ʻole:

1. Ma ke ʻano o ka maʻi urticaria - ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula o nā ʻano nui like ʻole, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke kaomi ʻana;

2. ʻO nā maʻi ʻinoʻino i piʻi aʻe ma luna o ka ʻili o ka ʻili (urticaria);

3. ʻO nā pūʻulu o nā plaques e hui pū ana kekahi me kekahi (papular rash).

ʻO nā pilikia ma nā ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka trichinosis:

• ʻO ka Meningoencephalitis kahi mumū o ka ʻili o ka lolo.

• ʻO ka mumū o ka māmā (eosinophilic pneumonia). Hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻi ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻiʻo o ka māmā o nā eosinophils - nā huahana o kahi hopena maʻi. Malia paha ka ulu ʻana o ka pleurisy, ke ʻano o nā hōʻailona o ka hānō bronchial.

• ʻO ka myocarditis ka mumū o ka myocardium ma muli o nā allergies a me ka overrection o ka ʻōnaehana pale. ʻOi aku ka pinepine ma mua o nā pilikia ʻē aʻe ke kumu o ka make o nā maʻi.

• ʻO ka maʻi nephritis ka mumū o ka ʻiʻo ʻāʻī.

• ʻO ka maʻi hepaʻo ka mumū o ke ake.

• ʻO ka ʻeha ʻeha i loko o nā ʻiʻo e alakaʻi i ka hapa a i ʻole ka hōʻino piha o ka neʻe.

ʻO ka make ma ke ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi he 10-30% o ka nui o nā maʻi. ʻO ka manawa pinepine o ka make ʻana he 4-8 mau pule mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi. Me nā ʻano haʻahaʻa, ma hope o 5-6 mau pule, hoʻōla nā maʻi.

Nā hōʻailona o ka trichinosis e pili ana i ka pae o ka maʻi

ʻO ka hōʻike ʻana o ka trichinosis i ka wā mua o ka lesion e hilinaʻi ʻia i ka neʻe ʻana o nā parasites i ke kino. ʻO ka ulu hou ʻana o ka maʻi ma muli o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā larvae i loko o nā ʻiʻo a me ke kūlana o ka ʻōnaehana pale o ka mea maʻi. ʻO nā pilikia koʻikoʻi o ka helminthiasis e pili ana me ka pane kūpono ʻole o ke kino i ka hoʻokomo ʻana o kahi protein haole i loko o ke kino, ʻaʻole i ka hana a Trichinella a me kā lākou larvae.

ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka trichinosis i loko o ke kanaka hiki ke like me nā hōʻike o ka myositis, allergies, a me nā maʻi infectious. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia kiʻi i ka ʻike ʻole o ka mea maʻi i ke ʻano o ka helminthiasis i loko ona.

Nā hōʻailona o ka trichinosis i nā keiki

No ka hoʻopiliʻana i kahi keiki, ua lawa kaʻaiʻana i kahi'āpana liʻiliʻi o kaʻiʻo me ka trichinella e kaumaha ana he 10-15 g,ʻaʻole i hana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela piha. ʻO ka manawa huna mai 5 a 45 mau lā. ʻO ka pōkole o kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maʻi o ke keiki.

1. Nā hōʻailona ma ka wā mua. He 7-14 mau lā, ma hope o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona liʻiliʻi no 7-10 mau lā.

   • Hyperthermia a hiki i 38,5°C:

   • Puʻu iki o ka maka;

   • ʻeha ʻeha ʻiʻo;

   • Edema o ka lihilihi maka;

   • ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o nā eosinophils e 10-12%.

2. Aia nā hōʻailona ma ka pae haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka manawa koʻikoʻi a hiki i 3 mau pule, hoʻoponopono - 2-3 mau pule ma hope o ka hoʻihoʻi.

   • ʻO ka Hyperthermia a hiki i 40 ° C, nā lāʻau antipyretic e hoʻemi iā ia ma mua o 1 ° C;

   • ʻO ka ʻeha ma nā ʻiʻo, nā hui, ka ʻōpū a me ka puʻu;

   • ʻ rhiki ʻili;

   • pehu o ka maka;

   • ʻO nā hopena o kahi hōʻike koko maʻamau: piʻi ka ESR (ma luna o 17 mm / h), piʻi nā leukocytes (a hiki i 8,8 10⁹/ l), ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā eosinophils i 25-40%.

3. Aia nā hōʻailona ma kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi. Hana ʻia ia ma ke keʻena maʻi infectious o ka haukapila, me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau lapaʻau hiki ke make ke keiki.

   • Hyperthermia a hiki i 41°C;

   • Ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke ake a me ka spleen;

   • Nā maʻi CNS: delirium, agitation, epileptic seizures;

   • ʻO ka hoʻouka ʻana o ka ʻeha nui ma ka ʻōpū;

   • ka ma'i 'a'ai, nausea, lua'i;

   • ʻO ka ʻeha nui o ka ʻiʻo, paʻakikī e ka convulsions;

   • ʻO ka maʻi hemorrhages subcutaneous a me ka ʻeha;

   • Nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻāʻo koko maʻamau: Leukocytes a hiki i 30-40x10⁹/l; ESR a hiki i ka 50-60 mm / h; ka nui o nā eosinophils a hiki i 80 - 90%;

   • Cylinders a me nā protein i loko o ka mimi.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka trichinosis i nā keiki me nā lāʻau anthelmintic (Thiabendazole, Vermox) e like me ke kaumaha o ke kino a me ka makahiki o ke keiki.

ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka mālama ʻana i ka trichinosis:

• Ibuprofen, Paracetamol - e ho'ēmi i ke kuni, hoʻomaha i kaʻeha;

• Tsetrin, Loratadin - nā antihistamines e hōʻemi i ka ʻona a me nā hōʻike allergy;

• Papaverine, No-shpa - nā antispasmodics e hōʻemi i ka ʻeha;

• ʻO nā huaora o nā hui C a me B e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale ʻana.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ma hope o kahi maʻi me ke kōkua o nā kau massage, ʻauʻau me ka paʻakai kai a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, kahi paʻakikī o nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa therapeutic.

ʻO ka hōʻailona o ka trichinellosis

Ka nānā ʻana i ke koko maʻamau. Me ka trichinosis i loko o ke kanaka, piʻi nui ka ʻike o nā eosinophils, kahi ʻano leukocyte, i ke koko. Hoʻonui pinepine ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo me nā hopena allergy koʻikoʻi, me nā allergies e hele pū ana me trichinosis.

ʻO nā hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ke koko, i ʻike ʻia me ka trichinosis:

• ʻO ka helu o nā eosinophils mai 50 a 80% o ka nui o nā leukocytes;

• ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o nā leukocytes he hōʻailona ia o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka pale ʻana a me ka hele ʻana o kahi kaʻina inflammatory i ke kino.

Hōʻike koke kēia mau hōʻailona ma hope o ka maʻi, hoʻomau 2-3 mau mahina ma hope o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana.

ʻIke serological. Hana ʻia kahi loiloi o ka hopena o ke koko i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā antigens i loaʻa mai nā larvae nematode. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā antibody iā lākou ma ke ʻano he pane i ka hoʻokomo ʻana o nā helminths.

Nā ʻano o nā diagnostics serological:

Ho'āʻo allergy intravenous. Lawe ʻia ia e hoʻonāukiuki i kahi hopena maʻi i ka pane ʻana i ka hoʻokomo ʻana o kahi antigen trichinosis. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka hopena antigen ma lalo o ka ʻili. ʻIke ʻia ka hele ʻana o ka maʻi e ka ʻike ʻana o ka hyperemia a me ka ʻulaʻula ma ka pūnaewele injection. Hiki i kēia ala ke ʻike i ka trichinosis ma mua o 2 mau pule o ka maʻi nematode. Loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi o kahi hoʻāʻo allergy no 5-10 mau makahiki.

Biopsy ʻiʻo. Hana ʻia me ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi hopena maikaʻi mai nā ʻano noiʻi ʻē aʻe. Ma lalo o kahi microscope, ua aʻo ʻia ka biomaterial i loaʻa me ka nila mai ka ʻiʻo o ka mea maʻi.

Ke ao ana i ka io o na holoholona mai. Me ka hoʻonui nui ʻana, nānā ʻia ka ʻiʻo o ka holoholona, ​​ke kumu o ka maʻi i ʻōlelo ʻia. Ke hoʻohana nei i kahi microscope, loaʻa nā capsules me nā larvae i loko o nā kiko o kahi holoholona maʻi.

Ka mālama ʻana i ka trichinellosis

Nā lāʻau anthelmintic (lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka hakakā ʻana i ke kumu kumu o ka maʻi):

• i nā lā mua ʻekolu; 100 mg 3 manawa i ka lā;

• 10 mau lā e hiki mai ana; 500 mg 3 manawa i ka lā.

Nā keiki ma lalo o 7 mau makahiki: 25 mg o ka lāʻau lapaʻau 3 mau manawa i ka lā. Nā keiki 7 makahiki; 9 mau makahiki: 3 manawa i ka lā, 50 mg. ʻOi aku ma mua o 10 mau makahiki:

• i nā lā mua ʻekolu; 100 mg 2-3 manawa i ka lā;

• a laila no 10 mau lā, 500 mg 3 manawa i ka lā.

Lawe ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana. (; Puke kuhikuhi piha o kahi loea maʻi ʻeha; hoʻoponopono ʻia e DMN, prof., lālā pili o RAE a me REA Eliseeva Yu.Yu.,; Eksmo;, 2007)

Ka mālama ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka trichinosis

ʻO ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka make, ka hoʻololi pinepine ʻana o ka maʻi i kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi, ʻo ka nui o nā hoʻopiʻi he kumu maikaʻi ia no ka mālama ʻana i ka trichinosis wale nō i kahi hoʻokipa. ʻOiai kēia, mai 10 a 30% o nā hihia he mea make.

No nā poʻe maʻi i loaʻa i ka pōʻino nui o ka ʻiʻo, pono e mālama pono ʻia, ʻoiai ua paʻa loa nā maʻi a moe moe. No ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i ka neʻe, hoʻoponopono ʻia nā mea maʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano massage a me physiotherapy.

Hoʻohui ʻia ka lāʻau hōʻailona o ka trichinosis i loko o ke kanaka me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻoulu i ke kahe koko, e pale i ke ake a me ka lolo (inā pili kēia mau kino).

Ka pale ʻana i ka trichinellosis

Nā hana e pale ai i ka trichinosis:

• Pono e hoʻomoʻa ʻia ka ʻiʻo (ʻoi aku ka puaʻa) ma kahi wela kiʻekiʻe - ma kahi o 74 ° C i loko o ka ʻāpana ʻiʻo no ka liʻiliʻi he 15 kekona. Ma lalo o ia mau kūlana, make maoli nā ʻōpala Trichinella inā ʻaʻole lākou i uhi ʻia me ka capsule calcified. Inā ʻaʻole, ʻaʻole e ʻeha nā larvae me kēlā mehana. Loaʻa ka manawa o ka larvae e uhi ʻia me ka capsule i ka wā lōʻihi o ka maʻi i loko o kahi holoholona - kahi mea lawe Trichinella.

• ʻO kahi ala maikaʻi e pepehi ai iā Trichinella ʻo ia ka hau no 20 mau lā ma -15°C, a i ʻole e paʻa i ʻekolu lā ma -20°C.

• I ka wā e hānai ai i nā puaʻa, ʻaʻole pono e ʻae ʻia lākou e ʻai manuahi i mea e pale aku ai i nā holoholona mai ka ʻai ʻana i ke kino maʻi. Pono e luku mau i nā ʻiole ma kahi e noho ai nā holoholona a ma ka pā o ka mahiʻai.

• ʻO ka pōʻino loa ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo o nā holoholona hihiu i loaʻa i ka trichinosis. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻano o nā nematodes i parasite i loko o nā ʻiʻo o nā bea, nā ʻōpala a me nā sila ʻokoʻa mai nā puaʻa Trichinella. ʻAʻole lākou e make me ka hau hau lōʻihi. Pono ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻai wela no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻO ka ʻiʻo o nā manu ʻāhiu hiki ke pilikia ma kēia ʻano.

ʻO nā hana nui e pale aku i ka maʻi o ka trichinosis

Hana ʻo Rospotrebnadzor i ka nānā ʻana i nā kūlana o ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona i manaʻo ʻia no ka hānai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo. ʻAʻole kūʻai ʻia ka ʻiʻo me ka ʻole o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana no ka trichinosis. Hana ʻia ia mana ma ka mākeke a ma nā hale kūʻai kūikawā. ʻAʻole i hōʻoia ʻia ka palekana o ka ʻiʻo i kūʻai ʻia ma nā wahi kūʻai kūʻokoʻa.

Pehea e ho'āʻo ai i ka ʻiʻo no ka trichinosis?

Loaʻa nā larvae Trichinella i nā ʻano holoholona he nui. ʻO ka ʻiʻo i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻai kanaka pono e loaʻa i ka maʻi ahulau. ʻO nā ʻano ʻiʻo weliweli loa he puaʻa, ʻiʻo bear, ʻiʻo puaʻa hihiu.

ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ka ʻiʻo i hoʻopili ʻia me ka ʻiʻo o kahi kupapaʻu olakino. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o Trichinella i loko o ka ʻiʻo i hoʻopilikia ʻia a hiki i 200 mau ʻāpana i ka 1 gram. Hana ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻiʻo i loko o ka hale hana me ka microscope. Ma hope o ka nānā ʻana, kau ʻia kahi hōʻailona kūikawā ma ke kupapaʻu.

Ma hea e hiki ai iaʻu ke hoʻāʻo no ka trichinosis?

Ma ke keʻena hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka epidemiological a i ʻole i ka hale hana holoholona o ka mākeke meaʻai, lawe ʻia nā laʻana mai ke kino holoholona. Lawe ʻia nā laʻana o ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 5 g mai nā wahi i hoʻonui ʻia i ke koko: nā ʻiʻo masticatory, alelo, nā ʻiʻo intercostal, diaphragm.

ʻAʻohe mana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau holoholona i nā mākeke kūʻokoʻa, i ka wā o ka luku nui ʻana i nā holoholona, ​​​​ke ʻai ʻana i nā kīʻaha hopu. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, hiki ke loaʻa ka trichinella ma 30% o ka ʻiʻo i manaʻo ʻia he kūpono no ka meaʻai. Ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi – ka kuke ʻana i ka ʻiʻo. He ʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia i ka wā e ʻai ai i ka pāʻani ma nā wahi endemic no ka trichinosis.

Pehea e kuke ai i ka ʻiʻo e kāpae i ka maʻi me ka trichinosis?

Hiki ke pale pono ʻia ka larva o Trichinella i ka mānoanoa o ka ʻiʻo ʻiʻo mai ka pōʻino e ka capsule. ʻAʻole kēia e hōʻemi i ka pōʻino, hoʻonui ia i ka pale o ka parasite mai nā wela wela no ia. ʻAʻole hoʻāʻo mau ka poʻe hahai holoholona no ka trichinosis. ʻO ka kuke pono ʻana i ka ʻiʻo hiki ke pale i ka maʻi.

ʻO ka mea nui e hiki i kahi mahana o 80 ° C no 15 mau minuke i loko o ka mānoanoa holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻāpana.

ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e kuke ai i ka ʻiʻo:

• ʻO ka paila no 2,5 mau hola kaʻiʻo,ʻokiʻoki i nā'āpanaʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 8 knm mānoanoa;

• ʻO ka ʻai a me ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo no 1,5 mau hola (ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o nā ʻāpana ma mua o 2,5 cm);

• ʻAe ʻia ʻo Salo e hoʻohana wale ma ke ʻano heʻe.

ʻO nā huahana ʻiʻo pōʻino:

• ʻO nā sausages i hana ʻia i ka home a me nā maka i puhi ʻia;

• ʻO ka ʻiʻo paʻa i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa;

• Nā kīʻaha ʻiʻo minced;

• ʻO ka momona momona a me ka ʻiʻo;

• Beefsteaks me ke koko;

• Kālua ham;

• ʻO ka ʻiʻo puhi a maloʻo.