ʻO ka hū e noho ana ma luna o ka ʻili o nā hua waina a me ka ferment wine he fungus. (Class Ascomycetes, family Saccharomycetes.)
ʻO ke kaʻina hana fermentation alcoholic kaulana loa no ka hū ke kumu o ko lākou hoʻohana nui ʻana mai ka wā kahiko. Ma ʻAigupita kahiko, ma Babulona kahiko, ua hoʻomohala ʻia ke ʻano o ka brewing. ʻO ka mea mua i ʻike i kahi pilina kumu ma waena o ka fermentation a me ka hū ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka microbiology, ʻo L. Pasteur. Hāʻawi ʻo ia i kahi ʻano sterilization no ka mālama ʻana i ka waina ma ka hoʻomehana ʻana ma ka t° 50-60°C. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻenehana, i kapa ʻia ʻo pasteurization, i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka ʻoihana meaʻai.
No laila ka meaʻai:
- E ʻohi i nā hua waina i ka wā maloʻo. Mai holoi ma lalo o nā kūlana. Inā haumia kekahi mau pūpū, mai hoʻohana.
- E lawe i ke kila kila a i ʻole ka pā enamel. ʻAʻole kūpono nā mea hao, keleawe a me nā alumini.
- E ʻohi i nā hua waina mai nā pūpū a e ʻoki i kēlā me kēia hua me kou mau lima. Pono e hoolei i na hua i popopo, popopo a pala ole.
- E hoʻopiha i ka ipuhao 2/3 piha. E hoʻohui i ke kō: no 10 liters - 400 g, a inā ʻawaʻawa nā hua waina, a laila hiki i ka 1 kg. Hoʻohui a pani i ke poʻi.
- E kau i kahi mahana (22-25 ° C - he mea nui kēia!) No 6 mau lā no ka fermentation.
- I kēlā me kēia lā, pono e hoʻoulu i nā manawa 2-3 me kahi scoop.
- Ma hope o 6 mau lā, e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wai mai nā hua - kānana ma o kahi kānana kila kila a i ʻole ma o ka nylon mesh. Mai hoolei aku i na hua (e nana ma lalo).
- E hoʻohui i ke kō i ka wai: no 10 lita - 200-500 g.
- E ninini i ka wai i loko o nā ipu aniani 10-lita, e hoʻopiha iā 3/4 piha.
- E pani i nā ipu me kahi mīkina lima lāʻau lapaʻau, e ʻoki i kekahi manamana lima i loko. E nakinaki paʻa i ka mīkina lima ma luna o ka ipu.
- E kau i ka fermentation no 3-4 mau pule. (Ua like ka mahana - 22-25 ° C). ʻAʻole makemake ʻia ka lā pololei.
- Pono e hoʻonui ʻia ka mīkina lima. Inā ua hāʻule, pono ʻoe e hoʻohui i ke kō. (Hiki iā ʻoe ke wehe i ka huʻa, ninini i kekahi o ka wai i loko o kekahi kīʻaha ʻē aʻe, hoʻohui i ke kō, hui, ninini hou).
- Ma hope o 3-4 mau pule, pono e wehe ʻia ka waina mai ka sediment. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, e lawe i kahi paipu meaʻai alohilohi 2 m ka lōʻihi, e hoʻokomo pāpaʻu i loko o kahi hue waina e kū ana ma luna o ka pākaukau, e huki i ka waina mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ka paipu me kou waha, a i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ke kahe o ka waina, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka paipu. i loko o ka ipu hao ʻole e kū ana ma ka papahele.
- Ponoʻoe e hoʻopiha i nā ipu i luna (0,5-1 cm i ka lihi), e kau i kahi poʻi nylon, e kau i ka mīkina lima ma luna a nakinaki. E hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mahana i 15-20 ° C.
- I loko o hoʻokahi mahina, hiki iā ʻoe ke wehe i ka sediment i nā manawa he nui. Pono e hoʻopiha ʻia nā panakō a hiki i luna!
- Ma hope o kēlā, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i ke kō i mea e ʻono ai a mālama i ka waina i loko o ka lua, e ninini ana i loko o nā pahu 3-lita a ʻōwili iā lākou me nā poʻi hao no ka paʻa.
- Hiki iā ʻoe ke inu i ka waina ma hope o 3 mau mahina, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki. Ma mua o ka inu ʻana, pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka waina mai ka sediment (e loaʻa mau ka sediment, ʻaʻole i ʻike i ka nui o nā makahiki i mālama ʻia ai ka waina), e ninini i loko o nā ipu 1-lita ma luna, ʻelua - ʻōwili i luna, a waiho i hoʻokahi no ka ʻai. (inā emi ka hapalua i loko o ka pahu, e ninini i loko o ka hapalua lita; pono ʻoe e emi ka ea i loko o ka hue ma mua o ka waina). E mālama i ka pahu hau.
- ʻO kēia ka meaʻai no ka waina "mua" i hanaʻia mai ka wai waina. Mai nā hua waina i koe (keke) hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i ka waina "ʻelua": hoʻohui i ka wai (hoʻolapalapa ʻia), ke kō a i ʻole ka jam (maikaʻi, ʻaʻole i ʻino ʻia), a i ʻole nā hua i ka hāʻule: viburnum, a i ʻole sea buckthorn, a i ʻole chokeberry, lepo. ma kahi hui, a i ʻole hawthorn (he hawthorn lepo me ka wai - he liʻiliʻi ka makū i loko), a i ʻole nā lāʻau elderberry i hoʻolapalapa ʻia (makemake ʻia) (he mea ʻawaʻawa ka herbaceous elderberry), a i ʻole ka ʻeleʻele pitted maloʻo, a i ʻole currants maka, raspberry, strawberries me ke kō, a i ʻole. ʻoki ʻia ka quince, nā ʻāpala, nā pears a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Pono ka nui o ka waikawa, inā ʻaʻole e ferment maikaʻi ka waina (no ka laʻana, e hoʻohui i ka viburnum, a i ʻole currant, a i ʻole ke kai buckthorn i ka lehu mauna, hawthorn, elderberry). Hoʻopili houʻia ke kaʻina hana a pau e like me ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i ka waina "mua". (Inā wikiwiki ka ferment, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mahana i 20-22 ° C).
No ka hana ʻana i ka waina, pono ʻoe i 6 mau lā i loko o 2-2,5 mau mahina:
1. ʻO ka lā mua - e hōʻiliʻili i nā hua waina.
2. ʻO ka lā 2 - eʻoki i nā hua waina.
3. ~ 7-8th lā - e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wai mai nā hua, e kau i ka waina "mua" ma ka fermentation i loko o nā pahu 10-lita, e hoʻohui i nā meaʻai i ka waina "lua".
4. ~ 13-14th lā - e hoʻokaʻawale i ka waina "lua" mai ka pomace a kau i ka fermentation i loko o nā pahu 10-lita.
5. ~ 35-40th lā - wehe i ka waina "mua" a me ka "lua" mai ka sediment (ua piha nā pahu 10-lita).
6. ~ 60-70th lā - wehe i ka waina "mua" a me ka "lua" mai ka sediment, e ninini i loko o nā pahu 3-lita a waiho i loko o ka hale.