ʻO ke kuleana o ka huna ʻana o ka saliva, ʻelua ʻano o nā ʻāʻī kohu: ʻo nā kohu kohu koʻikoʻi a me nā kohu kohu mea kōkua. Hiki iā lākou ke kahua o ka maʻi bacterial a i ʻole ka maʻi viral, lithiasis, nā maʻi maʻi maʻi a i ʻole, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, nā maʻi ʻino. ʻO nā maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi o ka ʻāʻī koʻikoʻi he mau maʻi maʻi maʻi kakaʻikahi.

Aia ʻelua ʻano o nā ʻili kohu:

• nā ʻeleʻele kōkua, aia ma ka uhi o ka waha a me ke alelo. He liʻiliʻi ko lākou nui a he maʻalahi hoʻi i ke ʻano;
• nā ʻāʻī kohu nui, aia ma waho o ka pā o ka waha waha. ʻOi aku ka nui, he mau kino pilikino lākou me kahi ʻano paʻakikī. Hoʻokumu ʻia lākou i nā ʻāpana huna a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, excretory.

Ma waena o nā kīʻaha salivary nui hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokaʻawale:

• ka parotid gland ma ke alo o ka pepeiao, ma ka papalina. No laila, ʻelua. Hāmama ko lākou awāwa ma ka ʻaoʻao o loko o ka pāpālina, ma ka pae o nā mola;
• aia ma lalo o ka iwi ā nā ʻōpū ma lalo o ka iwi. Hāmama ko lākou auwai ma kahi kokoke i ka frenulum o ke alelo;
• aia ma lalo o ke alelo. Hāmama pū ko lākou awāwa kokoke i ka frenulum o ke alelo.

Hoʻopuka ka ʻāʻī kohu i ka saliva. ʻO ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana, ʻo ka saliva ka hui ʻana o ka wai, electrolytes, desquamated cell a me serous secretions, me nā enzymes. Hoʻokō ka saliva i nā hana like ʻole: mālama ia i ka hydration o ka waha, komo i nā pae mua o ka digestion e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā enzymes, e hōʻoia i kahi kuleana antibacterial mahalo i nā antibodies.

Hoʻopuka nā ʻāʻī koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi i ka kohu i ka pane ʻana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana aʻo ka huna ʻana o nā kohu kohu mea kōkua.

ʻO ka lithiasis gland salivary (sialolithiasis)

Hiki ke hana ʻia nā pōhaku i loko o nā auwai kohu o kekahi o nā ʻōpū submandibular. Hoʻopaʻa lākou i ke kahe ʻana o ka saliva, me ka ʻeha ʻole o ka ʻili koʻa. ʻO ia kahi pathology maikaʻi.

Maʻi maʻi koʻohune

Ke stagnates ka saliva i loko o ka gland ma muli o ke keakea i kona haʻalele ʻana (lithiasis, narrowing o ka duct), hiki ke lilo i ka maʻi. Kapa ʻia kēia he sialitis a i ʻole ka maʻi glandular, parotitis i ka wā e hoʻopilikia ʻia ai ka ʻili parotid a me ka submandibulitis i ka wā e hiki mai ai i ka gland submandibular. A laila pehu ka ʻili, ʻeha, ʻeha. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka pus, a me ke kuni.

ʻO ka parotitis hou o nā keiki

ʻO kekahi ʻano o ka parotitis e pili ana i nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio, ʻo ia ka maʻi maʻi bacteria i hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana parotid ʻelua. ʻO ka pilikia, i ka wā lōʻihi, ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka glandular parenchyma (nā cell e hana ana i ka ʻiʻo huna).

Nā maʻi viral

Hiki i nā maʻi maʻi he nui ke komo i ka ʻili kohu, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kelepa parotid. ʻO ka mea kaulana loa, ʻo ia ka mumps, he paramyxovirus i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka maʻi "mumps" i maʻalahi i hoʻoili ʻia ma o ka saliva. Hōʻike ʻia ka mumps e ka pehu ʻeha o hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua ʻāpana parotid, ʻeha pepeiao, ʻeha ʻāʻī, kuni, a me ka luhi nui. ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau i nā keiki, hiki i ka maʻi ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia i nā ʻōpio, nā pākeke a me nā wahine hāpai: maningitis, lohe ʻole, pancreatitis, hōʻino testicular e hiki ke alakaʻi i ka infertility. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau MMR ke ala maikaʻi loa e pale ai i ka mumps.

Pseudo-allergic sialitis

ʻAʻole i ʻike nui ʻia a alakaʻi pinepine ʻia i ka ʻauwana therapeutic, ʻike ʻia ka sialitis pseudo-allergic iā ia iho ma ka pehu ʻeha o hoʻokahi a ʻoi aʻe paha o nā ʻōpū kohu i ka wā ʻai a i ʻole ka hoʻoulu ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka olfactory, me ka ʻeha nui. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā kumu o kēia maʻi i kēia lā.

ʻO nā kūpuna Benign

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi salivary maʻi. Hoʻopili pinepine lākou i nā kelepa parotid. ʻIke ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he nodule kaʻawale, paʻa, kelepona a me ka ʻeha ʻole e ulu mālie.

ʻO ka maʻi maʻamau ka pleomorphic adenoma. Hiki iā ia ke holomua i kahi maʻi maʻi ʻino, akā 15 a 20 mau makahiki wale nō ma hope o kona ʻike ʻana. Aia kekahi mau ma'i ma'i ma'i: monomorphic adenoma, oncocytoma a me cystadenolymphoma (Warthin's tumor).

ʻO nā maʻi maʻi ʻino - nā maʻi maʻi o ka salivary glands

Hōʻike ʻia nā maʻi ʻaʻai ʻāʻī ʻino ma ke ʻano he paʻakikī, nodular mass, pili mau i ka ʻiʻo pili, me kahi outline i wehewehe ʻole ʻia. ʻO kēia nā maʻi maʻi ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi (ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 1 / 100), e hōʻike ana ma lalo o 000% o nā maʻi koko o ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī. ʻIke ʻia ka evolution metastatic ma kahi o 5% o nā hihia.

Loaʻa nā maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai ʻē aʻe o ka ʻili kohu. ʻO ka papa inoa hou loa o ka World Health Organization (2005) no laila e ʻike ai i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o 24 o nā maʻi maʻi epithelial malignant a me 12 mau ʻano o nā ʻōpū epithelial benign. Eia nā mea nui:

• ʻO ka maʻi maʻi mucoepidermoid ka maʻi maʻi maʻamau o ka ʻāʻī kohu. Hoʻopili maʻamau ia i ka ʻeleʻele parotid, ʻoi aku ka kakaikahi i ka ʻili submandibular a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi salivary gland o ka palate;
• ʻO Adenoid cystic carcinoma ka lua o ka maʻi maʻamau maʻamau. Hoʻopili maʻamau ia i nā ʻāʻī salivary kōkua a hiki ke laha i nā aʻalolo ma ka maka. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai, ʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka cribriform adenoid cystic carcinoma (ka mea maʻamau), solid adenoid cystic carcinoma a me tuberous adenoid cystic carcinoma;
• Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ka maʻi maʻi maʻi salivary duct i ka parotid gland. E ulu wikiwiki ana a paʻakikī loa, hoʻolaha maʻalahi i nā ʻōpū lymph;
• ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi acinar cell maʻamau e pili i ka parotid gland, i kekahi manawa ʻelua;
• ʻAʻole kakaikahi nā lymphoma mua o ka ʻāʻī kohu.

Aia nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe o ka maʻi ʻaʻai kohu, akā ʻoi aku ka kakaikahi.

Maʻi maʻi koʻohune

Kau ʻia ka lāʻau antibiotic. Hana ʻia kahi hōʻoia ultrasound e hōʻoia i ka hoʻōla piha ʻana o ka gland.

Maʻi maʻi Viral

Ho'ōla manawale'a nā pepeiao i loko o nā lā he 'umi. No ka mea he viral ka maʻi, ʻaʻole pono nā lāʻau antibiotic. Hiki ke mālama ʻia ke kuni a me ka ʻeha me nā antipyretics a i ʻole analgesics.

Hiki ke lilo i ka ma'i ma'i ma'i o ka ma'i kohu ma hope o ka ma'i bacteria. A laila, pono ia i ka mālama antibiotic.

Salivary lithiasis

Hele pinepine nā pōhaku kohu me ke kōkua o ka lomilomi maʻamau o ka ʻili kohu. Inā hoʻomau lākou, hiki ke hana ʻia ka sialendoscopy (endoscopy o nā awāwa a me nā ʻōpū kohu). ʻO kekahi hana ʻē aʻe, i kapa ʻia he extracorporeal lithotripsy, ʻo ia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā pōhaku me nā nalu haʻalulu extracorporeal.

ʻO Sialectomy (he hana ʻokiʻoki ʻana i ka wehe ʻana i ke awāwa salivary no ka unuhi ʻana i ka calculus) ua hana ʻia a emi iki mai ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēia mau ʻenehana ʻelua.

Pseudo-allergic sialitis

Hoʻomaka ka hoʻokele me ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻouka ʻana o 2 mau pule e hui pū ana i ka bi-antibiotic therapy, corticosteroid therapy, antispasmodics, antiallergics a me benzodiazepine. A laila kau ʻia kahi lāʻau lapaʻau lōʻihi e pili ana i nā corticosteroids nāwaliwali a me nā antiallergic.

ʻO nā kūpuna Benign

ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi he ʻokiʻoki. Pono e piha a me kahi palena palekana e kaupalena i ka pilikia o ka hoʻi hou ʻana.

Nā maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai

ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi ʻaʻai koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi he ʻokiʻoki me ka palena nui o ka palekana, i kekahi manawa e ukali ʻia e ka radiotherapy no kekahi mau maʻi maʻi maʻi. Ma muli o ka pālahalaha ʻana, wehe ʻia nā lymph nodes ma ka ʻāʻī i kekahi manawa. ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia ka Chemotherapy, koe wale nō i nā hihia liʻiliʻi.

Hoʻololi ka prognosis ma muli o ke ʻano o ka maʻi kanesa, kona hoʻolaha ʻana, kona pae o ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka kūleʻa o ke ʻoki.

ʻO ka maʻamau ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi nui e alakaʻi i ka mea maʻi e nīnau i kāna kauka lapaʻau a i ʻole kāna kauka ENT. Ke alo nei me kahi puʻupuʻu i loko o ka salivary gland, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia nā hoʻokolohua like ʻole:

• he hoʻokolohua lapaʻau e loiloi i nā ana o ka ʻeha, ka hoʻonui kūloko a me ka ʻāpana me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka lymphadenopathy cervical (lymph nodes);
• hōʻike ka x-ray i nā pōhaku;
• ʻO ka sialography ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi huahana ʻokoʻa i loko o ka ʻili kohu e hoʻopaque ai. hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka ʻimi ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi o ka ʻāʻī salivary;
• kahi anatomo-pathological hoʻokolohua o ka hāpana i ka hopena o nā ʻōpū; e hōʻoia i ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka neoplasia malignant, e wehewehe i kona ʻano histological a inā hiki i kona pae;
• he MRI, a i ʻole he ultrasound a i ʻole CT scan;
• kahi CT scan o ka ʻāʻī a me ka ʻāʻī e ʻimi ai i ke komo ʻana o ka metastatic.