ʻO ka moʻolelo pōkole o Robert Schumann

He mea hoʻokani piano akamai i hiki ʻole ke lilo i virtuoso. He mea kākau akamai i hoʻopuka ʻole i hoʻokahi puke. ʻO ka manaʻo kūpono a me ke aloha, ka hoʻomāʻewaʻewa a me ke akamai. He haku mele hiki iā ia ke kaha kiʻi me ke mele a hana i ka tonic a ʻōlelo ʻelima i ka leo kanaka. ʻO kēia mau mea a pau ʻo Robert Schumann, he mea haku mele Kelemania nui a me ka mea hoʻokani mele maikaʻi, ka paionia o ke au o ka romanticism i nā mele ʻEulopa.

Keiki kupanaha

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela ma Iune 8, 1810, ua hānau ʻia ka lima o ke keiki ma ka ʻohana o ka haku mele ʻo August Schumann. Ua kapa ʻia ke keikikāne ʻo Robert a ua hoʻolālā ʻia kahi wā e hiki mai ana nona, e alakaʻi ana i kahi ola hānai maikaʻi a pōmaikaʻi. Ma waho aʻe o ka palapala, ua hana kona makuakāne i ka paʻi puke a hoʻomākaukau i kāna keiki no ke ala like. Ua moe malū ʻo Māmā e ulu mai kahi loio mai ka ʻōpio ʻo Schumann.

Ua lawe nui ʻia ʻo Robert e nā hana a Goethe lāua ʻo Byron, he ʻano ʻoliʻoli o ka hōʻike ʻana a me kahi makana e hiki ai iā ia ke hōʻike pono i nā kiʻi i ʻokoʻa loa i kekahi. Ua hoʻokomo pū ka makua kāne i nā ʻatikala a ka haumāna kula kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka encyclopedia āna i paʻi ai. Ke paʻi ʻia nei nā haku mele a nā keiki ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui i kā Robert Schumann ohi ʻatikala.

Ma muli o ka makemake o kona makuahine, ua aʻo ʻo Robert i ke kānāwai ma Leipzig. Akā ʻoi aku ka hoihoi o ke mele i ke kanaka ʻōpio, me ka liʻiliʻi o ka manawa no ka hana ʻana i kekahi mea ʻē aʻe.

Hana ʻia ke koho

Malia paha, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma waena o nā ʻumi tausani o ka poʻe noho o ke kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi o Saxon ʻo Zwickau i lilo i mea hoʻokani ʻoka ʻo Johann Kunsch, ka mea i lilo i kumu aʻoaʻo mua o ka Schumann makahiki ʻeono, ʻo ia ka hana a ke Akua.

• 1819 I ka makahiki 9, lohe ʻo Robert i ka pāʻani a ka mea haku mele Bohemian kaulana a me ka virtuoso piano ʻo Ignaz Moshales. Ua lilo kēia ʻahamele i mea hoʻoholo no ke koho ʻana i ke ala hou o ke keiki.
• 1820 I ka makahiki 10, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Robert e kākau i nā mele no ka hui himeni a me ka orkestra.
• 1828 I ka makahiki 18, ua hoʻokō kekahi keikikāne aloha i ka moeʻuhane o kona makuahine a komo i ke Kulanui ʻo Leipzig, a hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai i ke Kulanui ʻo Gelderbeig, e hoʻolālā ana e hoʻopau i kāna hoʻonaʻauao kānāwai. Akā ma ʻaneʻi ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻohana Wieck i ke ola o Schumann.

Hāʻawi ʻo Friedrich Wieck i nā haʻawina piano. ʻO kāna kaikamahine ʻo Clara he mea hoʻokani piano akamai ʻewalu makahiki. ʻO ka loaʻa kālā mai kāna mau ʻahamele e hiki ai i kona makuakāne ke alakaʻi i kahi ola ʻoluʻolu. Ua aloha ʻo Robert i kēia keiki, akā hoʻololi i kona makemake i ke mele.

Manaʻo ʻo ia e lilo i pianist ʻaha mele, e hana i nā mea hiki ʻole no kēia. Aia nā mea hōʻike i hana ʻo Schumann i kāna kope ponoʻī o ka mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa manamana lima a Dactylion. ʻO ka hoʻoikaika nui ʻana i ka wā hoʻomaʻamaʻa, a i ʻole ka dystonia focal i loaʻa i ka poʻe piano, a i ʻole ka make ʻana me nā lāʻau i loaʻa i ka mercury, alakaʻi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua pau ka hana ʻana o nā manamana lima a me waena o ka lima ʻākau. ʻO ia ka hāʻule ʻana o ka ʻoihana piano a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kāna ʻoihana ma ke ʻano he haku mele a me ka hoʻohewa mele.

• 1830 Ua lawe ʻo Schumann i nā haʻawina ma ka haku mele mai Heinrich Dorn (ka mea kākau o ka "Nibelungs" kaulana a me ke alakaʻi o ka Leipzig Opera House).
• 1831 - 1840 Ua kākau ʻo Schumann a kaulana i Kelemānia a ma waho: "Butterflies" (1831), "Carnival" (1834), "Davidsbündlers" (1837). He trilogy e hōʻike ana i ka manaʻo o ka haku mele no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kiʻi mele. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mele mele o kēia wā i manaʻo ʻia no ka hana piano. ʻAʻole nalo ke aloha iā Clara Wieck.
• 1834 – ka pukana mua o ka “New Musical Newspaper”. ʻO Robert Schumann ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i kēia makasina mele kaulana. Ma ʻaneʻi ua hāʻawi manawaleʻa ʻo ia i kona manaʻo.

I loko o nā makahiki he nui, ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe psychiatrist ua hoʻomohala ʻo Schumann i ka maʻi maʻi bipolar. ʻElua mau pilikino i noho pū i loko o kona lolo, nāna i loaʻa kahi leo ma ka nūpepa hou ma lalo o nā inoa Eusebius a me Floristan. He aloha kekahi, he ʻakaʻaka kekahi. ʻAʻole kēia ka hopena o nā hoʻopunipuni a Schumann. Ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka makasina, ua hoʻohewa ka mea haku mele i ka superficiality a me ka hana akamai ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka hui non-existent David's Brotherhood (Davidsbündler), ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Chopin lāua ʻo Mendelssohn, Berlioz a me Schubert, Paganini a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo Clara Wieck.

I ka makahiki hoʻokahi, 1834, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka pōʻai kaulana "Carnival". ʻO kēia ʻāpana mele he hale kiʻi kiʻi o kēlā mau mea hoʻokani pila a Schumann i ʻike ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hana noʻeau, ʻo ia hoʻi ka poʻe a pau, i kona manaʻo, ua kūpono ke komo ʻana i ka "Davidic Brotherhood". Ma ʻaneʻi, ua hoʻokomo pū ʻo Robert i nā kiʻi moʻokalaleo mai kona noʻonoʻo, i pouli ʻia e ka maʻi.

• 1834 – 1838 i kākau ʻia nā symphonic etudes, sonatas, “Fantasies”; a hiki i kēia lā, nā ʻāpana piano kaulana ʻo Fantastic Fragments, Scenes from Children (1938); piha i ka pāʻani aloha no ka piano "Kreisleriana" (1838), e pili ana i ka mea kākau Schumann aloha ʻo Hoffmann.
• 1838 I kēia manawa a pau, aia ʻo Robert Schumann ma ka palena o nā mana noʻonoʻo. ʻO Clara aloha he 18 mau makahiki, akā ua kūʻē kona makuakāne i kā lāua male ʻana (ʻo ka male ka hopena o kahi ʻoihana ʻaha mele, ʻo ia ka hopena o ka loaʻa kālā). Ua haʻalele ke kāne i hāʻule i Vienna. Manaʻolana ʻo ia e hoʻonui i ka pōʻai o ka poʻe heluhelu o ka makasina ma ke kapikala opera a hoʻomau i ka haku. Ma waho aʻe o ka "Kreisleriana" kaulana, ua kākau ka mea haku mele: "Vienna Carnival", "Humoresque", "Noveletta", "Fantasy in C Major". He kau hua ia no ka haku mele a he kau ino no ka mea hooponopono. ʻAʻole i ʻike ka emepera Austrian censorship i nā manaʻo wiwo ʻole o ka Saxon hou. ʻAʻole i paʻi ʻia ka makasina.
• 1839 – 1843 hoʻi i Leipzig a makemake i ka male ʻana me Clara Josephine Wieck. He manawa hauʻoli ia. Ua hana ka mea haku mele ma kahi o 150 lyrical, aloha, mele ʻakaʻaka, a ma waena o ia mau mea i hoʻoponopono hou ʻia i nā moʻolelo Kelemania a hana i nā pauku o Heine, Byron, Goethe, Burns. ʻAʻole i hoʻokō ʻia ka hopohopo o Friedrich Wieck: Ua hoʻomau ʻo Klara i kāna hana ʻahamele ʻoiai ua lilo ʻo ia i makuahine. Ua hele pū kāna kāne me ia i nā huakaʻi a kākau iā ia. I ka makahiki 1843, ua loaʻa iā Robert kahi hana aʻo mau ma ka Leizipg Conservatory, i hoʻokumu ʻia e kāna hoaaloha a me ke kanaka mahalo, ʻo Felix Mendelssohn. I ka manawa like, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Schumann e kākau i ka Concerto for Piano and Orchestra (1941-1945);
• 1844 huakaʻi i Rusia. ʻO ka huakaʻi a Klara ma St. Petersburg a me Moscow. Huāhuā ʻo Schumann i kāna wahine no ka kūleʻa me ka lehulehu, ʻaʻole naʻe i ʻike ua paʻa kona mau manaʻo i nā mele Lūkini. Ua lilo ʻo Schumann i mea hoʻoikaika no nā haku haku o The Mighty Handful. He hopena nui kāna mau hana iā Balakirev a me Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky a me Borodin, Rachmaninov a me Rubinstein.
• 1845 Hānai ʻo Clara i kona ʻohana a hāʻawi mālie i ke kālā i kāna kāne i hiki iā ia ke uku no lāua. ʻAʻole ʻoluʻolu ʻo Schumann i kēia kūlana. Ke hoʻāʻo nei ke kanaka e ʻimi i nā ala e loaʻa ai ka loaʻa kālā. Neʻe ka ʻohana i Dresden, i kahi hale nui. Hana pū lāua a hoʻololi i ke kākau ʻana i nā diaries. Hoʻokani ʻo Clara i nā haku mele a kāna kāne. Hauʻoli lākou. Akā, hoʻomaka ka maʻi noʻonoʻo o Schumann. Lohe ʻo ia i nā leo a me nā leo hoʻohilahila nui, a ʻike ʻia nā hallucinations mua. ʻIke ka ʻohana i ka haku mele e kamaʻilio pū ana iā ia iho.
• 1850 Ua ola ʻo Robert mai kona maʻi a loaʻa iā ia kahi hana ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi mele ma ka Alte Theatre ma Düsseldorf. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo ia e haʻalele i kāna hale noho ʻoluʻolu ʻo Dresden, akā ke ulu nei ka manaʻo o ka pono e loaʻa kālā.
• 1853 He huakaʻi holomua ma Holani. Ke ho'āʻo nei ka mea haku mele e hoʻokele i ka orchestra a me ka papa mele, e alakaʻi i nā leka ʻoihana, akā ʻo nā "leo i loko o kona poʻo" ke piʻi aʻe nei a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, ua pohā ka lolo me nā leo leo nui, kahi e hōʻeha ʻole ai i ka ʻeha. ʻAʻole hōʻano hou ʻia ka ʻaelike hana keaka.
• 1854 I Feberuari, holo ʻo Robert Schumann, e holo ana i ka hallucinations, i loko o ka Rhine. Hoʻopakele ʻia ʻo ia, huki ʻia mai ka wai hau a hoʻouna ʻia i kahi haukapila psychiatric kokoke i Bonn. Ua hāpai ʻo Clara i kēlā manawa, a ua ʻōlelo ke kauka iā ia ʻaʻole e kipa aku i kāna kāne.
• 1856 make ka haku mele i loko o ka haukapila, kipa ʻo kāna wahine a me kāna mau keiki mua iā ia ma mua o kona make ʻana.

ʻAʻole i kākau ʻo Schumann i ka haukapila. Ua waiho ʻo ia i kahi ʻāpana i pau ʻole no cello. Ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono liʻiliʻi ʻana e Klara, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻahamele. No nā makahiki he nui, ua hoʻopiʻi ka poʻe mele no ka paʻakikī o ka helu. Aia i ka makahiki iwakālua, ua hana ʻo Shostakovich i kahi hoʻonohonoho i maʻalahi ka hana no nā mea hana. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia i hala, ua ʻike ʻia nā hōʻike archival ʻo ka cello concerto i kākau ʻia no nā violins.

ʻO ke ala paʻakikī i ka hauʻoli

I mea e loaʻa ai ka hauʻoli ʻohana, pono nā hoa kāne e kaumaha nui a hāʻawi nui. Ua haʻalele ʻo Clara Josephine Wieck me kona makuakāne. Ua hōʻeha ko lāua haʻalele ʻana a no kekahi mau makahiki ua noi ʻo ia no ka ʻae e mare iā Robert Schumann.

ʻO ka manawa hauʻoli loa ka manawa pōkole i Dresden. ʻEwalu mau keiki a Schumann: ʻehā kaikamahine a ʻehā keikikāne. Ua make ka hiapo o na keikikane i ka makahiki hookahi. ʻO ka muli loa a me ka hope i hānau ʻia i ka wā e hoʻonui ʻia ai ka maʻi noʻonoʻo o ka haku mele. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo Felix, ma hope o Mendelssohn. Kākoʻo mau kāna wahine iā Schumann a i kona wā lōʻihi i hāpai i kāna hana. Ua hāʻawi ʻo Clara i kāna ʻaha mele hope loa o nā hana piano a kāna kāne i ka makahiki 74.

ʻO ke keiki kāne ʻelua, ʻo Ludwig, ua lawe i ka makemake o kona makuakāne no ka maʻi a ua make pū nō hoʻi i ka makahiki 51 i loko o kahi haukapila psychiatric. ʻO nā kaikamāhine a me nā keikikāne, i hānai ʻia e nā poʻe a me nā kumu, ʻaʻole pili lākou i ko lākou mau mākua. ʻEkolu keiki i make i ka wā ʻōpio: ʻo Julia (27), Ferdinand (42), Felix (25). ʻO Clara a me kāna kaikamahine hiapo ʻo Maria, ka mea i hoʻi i kona makuahine a mālama iā ia i nā makahiki hope o kona ola ʻana, hānai i nā keiki a ka muli loa ʻo Felix a me ke kolu o ke kaikamahine, ʻo Julia.

ʻO ka hoʻoilina o Robert Schumann

ʻAʻole ia he mea hoʻonui i ke kapa ʻana iā Robert Schumann he kipi i ka honua o nā mele kahiko o ka Honua. ʻO ia, e like me nā poʻe akamai he nui, ma mua o kona manawa a ʻaʻole i hoʻomaopopo ʻia e kona mau hoa.

ʻO ka mahalo nui ʻia no ka haku mele ʻo ia ka ʻike ʻana i kāna mele. I kēia manawa, i ka XNUMXst century, ma nā'ahamele ma nā kula mele, hoʻokani nā leo leo "Sovenka" a me "Miller" mai "Nā Scenes o nā keiki". Hiki ke lohe ʻia nā "Dreams" mai ka pōʻai like ma nā ʻaha mele hoʻomanaʻo. ʻO nā overtures a me nā hana symphonic e hōʻiliʻili i nā keʻena piha o ka poʻe hoʻolohe.

Ua paʻi ʻia nā puke moʻokalaleo a Schumann a me nā hana nūpepa. Ua ulu aʻe kahi galaxy holoʻokoʻa o nā mea akamai, i hoʻoikaika ʻia e nā hana a ka mea haku mele. He nani kēia ola pōkole, hauʻoli a piha i nā pōʻino, a waiho i kāna hōʻailona ma ka moʻomeheu honua.