Pono au e lawe i nā lāʻau antibiotic no ka maʻi maʻi a me ke anu?

Loaʻa ka ʻike paʻa o kēlā me kēia kauka lapaʻau i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka lāʻau antibiotic no ke anu a me ka maʻi maʻi he mea ʻole. Ua ʻike nā kauka kūloko a me nā kauka e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana i nā haukapila. Eia naʻe, kau ʻia nā lāʻau antibiotic, a hana pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he pale. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ke manaʻo nei ka mea maʻi i huli i ke kauka e lapaʻau iā ia.

Inā nīnau ʻoe i ke kauka inā e inu ʻoe i ka lāʻau antibiotic no ka maʻi maʻi a me ke anu, a laila ʻaʻole maopopo ka pane. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau āpau no ARVI e iho wale mai i ka inu wai nui, hoʻomaha moe, lawe ʻana i nā huaora, meaʻai maikaʻi, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ihu, gargling, inhalations a me ka hōʻailona hōʻailona. ʻAʻole koi ʻia nā lāʻau antibacterial, akā pinepine ka mea maʻi iā lākou iho, e noi maoli ana i ke kauka no kahi manawa.

I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa pediatric, kuhikuhi pinepine ʻia nā lāʻau antibacterial no ke kumu o ka reinsurance, i ʻole e kū mai kahi hoʻopiʻi bacterial ma ke kua o kahi maʻi viral. No laila, ʻōlelo ke kauka i ka lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi i nā mākua, e kapa ʻia he antibiotic "keiki", i mea e pale ai iā lākou iho mai nā nīnau pono ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke pale ʻia nā pilikia ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke keiki i ka inu i ka manawa, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ea āna e hanu ai, holoi i kona ihu a hoʻohana i nā lāʻau hōʻailona ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke kino, me ke kākoʻo kūpono, e hoʻokō pono i ka maʻi.

He mea maʻamau ka nīnau no ke kumu e kuhikuhi mau ai ka pediatrician i kahi lāʻau antibacterial no ka maʻi influenza a me SARS. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pilikia o nā pilikia o ke anu a me ka maʻi maʻi i nā keiki preschoolers. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ko lākou pale ʻana, a ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa pinepine ʻia ko lākou olakino e ka ʻai ʻole, nā kūlana kūlohelohe maikaʻi ʻole, a pēlā aku. ʻO ia ka mea e hoʻopiʻi ʻia no ka hiki ʻole, ʻaʻole i kāpae ʻia ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana a me ka nele o ka hana. ʻO kēia ka mea e alakaʻi ai i nā pediatric he nui e ʻōlelo i nā lāʻau antibiotic i nā hihia kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia.

ʻO kahi hōʻailona no ke koho ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic ka hoʻohui ʻana o kahi maʻi bacterial, ʻo ia ka hoʻopiʻi o ka maʻi maʻi a me ke anu. Hana ʻia kēia inā ʻaʻole hiki i ke kino ke pale aku i ka maʻi maʻi iā ia iho.

Inā hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ma lalo o nā loiloi, he aha nā antibiotic e pono ai?

ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo mai nā loiloi e pono ai ka mālama antibacterial.

Akā naʻe,ʻaʻole i hanaʻia i kēlā me kēia hihia:

• ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka mimi a i ʻole ka sputum no ka moʻomeheu he hōʻike kumukūʻai, kahi e ʻimi ai nā polyclinics e mālama i ka waihona kālā i loaʻa;

• ʻO ka pinepine, lawe ʻia kahi smear mai ka ihu a me ka pharynx me kahi ʻeha ʻeha. Lawe ʻia kahi swab ma kahi lāʻau Lefler, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi diphtheria. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā kauka ke kuhikuhi i ka mea maʻi e lawe i kahi swab mai nā tonsils no ka moʻomeheu bacteria inā pili ka mea maʻi i ka tonsillitis mau loa. ʻO kekahi loiloi maʻamau ka moʻomeheu mimi koho no nā pathologies o ka ʻōnaehana urinary;

• ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka ESR a me ke kiʻekiʻe o nā leukocytes, a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka formula leukocyte i ka hema, he hōʻailona ʻole ia e hiki mai ana ka maʻi bacterial i loko o ke kino. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kēia kiʻi ma o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke koko.

Pehea e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka maikaʻi ua ala mai nā pilikia?

I kekahi manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo ua kū mai kahi hoʻopiʻi bacteria ma kāu iho.

E hōʻike ʻia kēia e nā hōʻailona penei:

• ʻO ka mea huna i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā ʻāpana ENT a i ʻole nā ​​maka e lilo i ao, huli melemele a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, pono e akaka ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana;

• ʻO ka mua ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana, a laila piʻi hou ka mahana. ʻAʻole pono e mālama ʻia ka lua o ka lele ʻana i ka wela o ke kino;

• Inā hoʻouka ka maʻi bacteria i ka ʻōnaehana urinary, a laila lilo ka mimi i ao, ʻike ʻia ka sediment i loko;

• Inā ua pili ka maʻi bacteria i ka ʻōpū, a laila e loaʻa ka mucus a i ʻole ka pus i loko o ka waihona. I kekahi manawa ʻike ʻia nā haumia koko, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka maʻi.

No nā maʻi viral respiratory acute, hiki ke kānalua ʻia ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka flora bacteria e nā hōʻailona aʻe:

• E kū'ē i ka hope o kahi anu i ʻike mua ʻia, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka mahana o ke kino, i hoʻomaka e emi i ka lā 3-4, akā ua lele hou i nā pae kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka hapa pinepine o kēia ma ka lā 5-6 o ka maʻi, a ua emi hou ke kūlana olakino. ʻOi aʻe ka ikaika o ka ʻū, ʻike ʻia ka hanu, ʻike ʻia ka ʻeha o ka umauma. ʻO ka pinepine, hōʻike kēia ʻano i ka ulu ʻana o ka pneumonia. E nānā pū hoʻi: nā hōʻailona o ka pneumonia;

• ʻO ka maʻi diphtheria a me ka tonsillitis kekahi mau hoʻopiʻi maʻamau o SARS. Hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo i ko lākou hoʻomaka ʻana e ka ʻeha ʻeha, e kū mai ana i ke kua o ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana o ke kino, kahi papa o nā plaque ma nā tonsils. I kekahi manawa aia nā loli i nā lymph nodes - hoʻonui lākou i ka nui a lilo i ʻeha;

• ʻO ka hoʻokuʻuʻana mai ka pepeiao a me keʻano o kaʻeha e piʻi aʻe i ka wā e paʻiʻia ai ka tragus he mau hōʻailona o ka otitis media, e ulu pinepine ana i nā keiki liʻiliʻi;

• Inā ʻike ʻia ka ʻeha ma ka lae, ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka maka, lilo ka leo i ka ihu a ʻike ʻia ka rhinitis, a laila pono e haʻalele ʻia ka sinusitis a i ʻole sinusitis. ʻO ia hōʻailona e like me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻeha i ka wā e hili ʻia ke poʻo i mua a me ka nalowale o ka ʻala e hiki ke hōʻoia i ka kānalua.

Inā manaʻo ʻia kahi hoʻopiʻi bacterial, hiki loa ia ma muli o nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o ka maikaʻi, a laila hiki i kahi loea ke koho i kahi mea antibacterial kūikawā.

Hoʻopili ʻia kēia e nā kumu he nui, e like me:

• Localization o ka mumū;

• Ka makahiki o ka mea mai;

• Mōʻaukala olakino;

• ʻO ka hoʻomanawanui ʻole o kēlā me kēia kanaka i kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau;

• Ka pale ʻana o ka pathogen i nā lāʻau antibacterial.

I ka wā i hōʻike ʻole ʻia ai nā lāʻau antibiotic no kahi SARS anu a paʻakikī ʻole paha?

• ʻO Rhinitis me ka hoʻokuʻu purulent-mucous, e mau ana ma lalo o 2 mau pule;

• Viral conjunctivitis;

• ʻO ka tonsillitis o ke kumu viral;

• Rhinopharyngitis;

• ʻO ka tracheitis a me ka bronchitis māmā me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela o ke kino;

• Ka ulu ʻana o kahi maʻi herpetic;

• ʻO ka mumū o ka larynx.

I ka manawa hea e hiki ai ke hoʻohana i nā lāʻau antibiotic no nā maʻi ʻeha ʻeha ʻole?

• Inā loaʻa nā haunaele i ka hana o ka pale pale pale, e like me ka hōʻike ʻia e nā hōʻailona kikoʻī. ʻO kēia nā kūlana e like me ka maʻi HIV, ka maʻi kanesa, ke kiʻekiʻe mau o ka mahana o ke kino (subfebrile temperature), nā maʻi maʻi maʻi i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelima mau manawa i ka makahiki, nā maʻi congenital i ka ʻōnaehana pale.

• ʻO nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana hematopoietic: aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis.

• Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kahi keiki a hiki i ʻeono mahina, a laila e ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia e lawe i nā lāʻau antibiotic e kūʻē i ke kua o rickets, me ka lawa ʻole o ke kino a me nā ʻano malformations.

Nā hōʻailona no ke koho ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic

ʻO nā hōʻailona no ke koho ʻana i nā antibiotic:

• ʻO ka Angina, ke ʻano bacteria i hōʻoia ʻia e nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua. ʻO ka pinepine, lawe ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau mai ka hui o nā macrolides a i ʻole penicillins. E nānā pū: nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka angina no ke kanaka makua;

• ʻO ka Bronchitis i ka pae koʻikoʻi, laryngotracheitis, ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka bronchitis maʻi, bronchiectasis pono e lawe i nā lāʻau antibiotic mai ka hui macrolide, no ka laʻana, Macropen. No ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi, koi ʻia kahi pahu x-ray e hōʻoia i ka maʻi pneumonia;

• ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau antibacterial, ke kipa ʻana i ke kauka lapaʻau a me ka hematologist pono i kahi maʻi e like me purulent lymphadenitis;

• Pono ke kūkākūkā o ka otolaryngologist e pili ana i ke koho ʻana i nā lāʻau mai ka hui o cephalosporins a i ʻole macrolides no nā poʻe maʻi me ka maʻi otitis media i ka pae koʻikoʻi. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ke kauka ENT i nā maʻi e like me ka sinusitis, ethmoiditis, sinusitis, e koi ana i ke koho ʻana i kahi lāʻau antibiotic kūpono. Hiki ke hōʻoia i kēlā ʻano hoʻopiʻi ma o ka hoʻokolokolo X-ray;

• Hōʻike ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau me nā penicillins no ka pneumonia. I ka manawa like, pono ka mana koʻikoʻi o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka maʻi me ke kōkua o kahi kiʻi X-ray.

ʻO ka hōʻike ʻana i ke ʻano o ka ʻōlelo kūpono ʻole o nā mea antibacterial kahi haʻawina i mālama ʻia ma kekahi o nā keʻena o nā keiki. No laila, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi loiloi o nā moʻolelo olakino o 420 mau keiki o nā makahiki kula mua he 89% o lākou i loaʻa i ka ARVI a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi ʻeha hanu, 16% i loaʻa i ka bronchitis acute, 3% otitis media, 1% pneumonia a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe. I ka manawa like, ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka lāʻau antibiotic ma 80% o nā hihia no nā maʻi viral, a no ka bronchitis a me ka pneumonia ma 100% o nā hihia.

Ua ʻike ʻia ka poʻe Pediatrician e ʻike ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia nā maʻi maʻi viral me nā lāʻau antibiotic, akā e kuhikuhi mau i nā lāʻau antibiotic no nā kumu e like me:

• Hoʻokomo alakaʻi;

• Nā keiki ma lalo o 3 mau makahiki;

• Pono e pale i nā pilikia;

• ʻAʻole makemake e kipa i nā keiki ma ka home.

I ka manawa like, ʻōlelo ʻia nā lāʻau antibiotic e lawe ʻia no 5 mau lā a ma nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, a he pōʻino kēia ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kūʻē bacteria. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe hopena hoʻāʻo, no laila ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka pathogen i kumu ai ka maʻi.

I kēia manawa, ma 90% o nā hihia, ʻo nā maʻi virus ke kumu o ka malaise. No nā maʻi bacterial, ua hoʻonāukiuki pinepine ʻia lākou e ka pneumococci (40%), Haemophilus influenzae (15%), staphylococci a me nā organism mycotic (10%). ʻO nā microorganisms e like me ka mycoplasmas a me ka chlamydia i hāʻawi pinepine i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i nā lāʻau antibacterial wale nō ma hope o ke kūkākūkā olakino. Hiki i ke kauka ke hoʻoholo pono i ke kūpono o kā lākou koho ʻana ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i kahi anamnesis, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka makahiki o ka mea maʻi a me ka paʻakikī o ka pathology.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kēia mau mea antibacterial:

• ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka pūʻulu penicillin. Manaʻo ʻia nā penicillin semi-synthetic me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā allergies iā lākou. Hiki iā ia ke holoi iā Amoxicillin a me Flemoxin Solutab. Inā paʻakikī ka maʻi, a laila ʻōlelo ka poʻe loea e lawe i nā penicillins pale ʻia, no ka laʻana, Amoxiclav, Augmentin, Flemoklav, Ecoclave. I kēia mau hoʻomākaukau, hoʻohui ʻia ka amoxicillin me ka clavulanic acid;

• antibiotic macrolide hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka maʻi pneumonia a me nā maʻi hanu i hoʻokumu ʻia e chlamydia a me mycoplasmas. ʻO kēia ka Azithromycin (Zetamax, Sumamed, Zitrolid, Hemomycin, Azitrox, Zi-factor). Me ka bronchitis, hiki ke koho ʻia ʻo Macropen;

• Mai nā lāʻau cephalosporin hiki ke kuhikuhi iā Cefixime (Lupin, Suprax, Pantsef, Ixim), Cefuroxime (Zinnat, Aksetin, Zinacef), etc.;

• Mai ka moʻo fluoroquinolone kuhikuhi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau Levofloxacin (Floracid, Glevo, Hailefloks, Tavanik, Flexid) a me Moxifloxacin (Moksimak, Pleviloks, Aveloks). ʻAʻole kuhikuhi ʻia nā keiki i kēia pūʻulu o nā lāʻau ma muli o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kā lākou iwi. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā fluoroquinolones nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia i nā hihia koʻikoʻi loa, a ke hōʻike nei lākou i kahi mālama e kū ʻole ai ka flora bacteria o kahi keiki makua.

Nā hopena nui

• ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau antibacterial no ke anuanu o ka kumu viral ʻaʻole ia he mea ʻole wale nō, akā he pōʻino nō hoʻi. Pono lākou e mālama i kahi maʻi bacteria.

• Loaʻa i nā lāʻau antibacterial kahi papa inoa o nā hopena ʻaoʻao: hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopilikia maikaʻi i ka hana o ke ake a me nā puʻupaʻa, hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā allergies, loaʻa kahi hopena kaumaha i ka ʻōnaehana pale, a hoʻopau i ka microflora maʻamau i ke kino.

• No nā kumu prophylactic, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau antibacterial. He mea nui ka nānā ʻana i ke kūlana o ka mea maʻi a kau ʻia i nā lāʻau antibiotic inā loaʻa maoli ka pilikia antibacterial.

• ʻAʻole pono ka lāʻau antibacterial inā ʻaʻole i emi ka mahana o ke kino ma hope o 3 mau lā mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kāna hoʻokele. I kēia hihia, pono e hoʻololi i ka mea hana.

• ʻO ka ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lawe ʻana o ke kanaka i nā lāʻau antibiotic, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o ka bacteria i ke kūʻē iā lākou. A laila, pono kēia i ke koho ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau koʻikoʻi i loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā mea pathogenic wale nō, akā i ke kino o ka mea maʻi iā ia iho.