Kāhea ʻia ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi anemia, ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania, maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai. Hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻano o ka anemia maʻi a me ka hereditary, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, e nā hōʻeha ʻeha loa. Hoʻolaha nui ʻia, hahau nui ia i ka poʻe ʻeleʻele: ʻo kona prevalence he 0% a 40% ma ʻApelika a me 10% ma waena o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. I kēia manawa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, 1 i loko o 500 ʻApelika ʻAmelika hānau hou i loaʻa i ka maʻi sickle cell; he 1 i ka 1 a hiki i ka 100 ka laha no na keiki Hepanika. Ua pilikia nui ka poʻe ma West Indies a me ʻAmelika Hema.

He genetic kēia maʻi: pili ia i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā genes hemoglobin abnormal e hoʻopuka ana i kahi protein hemoglobin non-functional, i kapa ʻia he hemoglobin S. Hoʻololi kēia i nā ʻāpana koko ʻulaʻula a hoʻohālikelike iā lākou e like me ka crescent a i ʻole ka crescent. he scythe (no laila kona inoa ʻano ʻokikiwi), ma waho aʻe o ka make ʻana o lākou. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana koko ʻulaʻula deformed. ʻO kēia hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻāpana koko ʻulaʻula palupalu. Hoʻopau koke kēia mau mea iā lākou iho. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ko lākou ʻano maʻamau i ko lākou hele ʻana ma nā kīʻaha koko liʻiliʻi. Hoʻopaʻa lākou i ka hāʻawi koko i kekahi mau ʻōpū a hoʻoulu i nā ulia kaʻa.

ʻO ka luku wikiwiki ʻana o nā keʻena koko ʻulaʻula e holomua i ka anemia hemolytic - ʻo ia hoʻi, ka anemia i hana ʻia e ka luku wikiwiki ʻana o nā ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula. Eia kekahi, hiki i ke ʻano ʻano like ʻole o kēia mau mea ke hana i nā keʻakeʻa i loko o nā capillaries a hoʻoulu i nā pilikia like ʻole e pili ana i ka maikaʻi ʻole o ke kahe koko. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, hiki i nā poʻe maʻi maʻi sickle cell - ka poʻe me kēia maʻi - ke pale i nā pilikia a me ka hopu ʻana i kekahi ʻano. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ola ʻana ma mua o ka wā ma mua (Course of the disease).

Nā kumu

Hōʻike ʻia ka hele ʻana o ka hemoglobin S e kahi kīnā genetic i hoʻopili ʻia i ka gene kuleana no ka hana ʻana o ka hemoglobin. He mau kaukani makahiki i hala aku nei, i ka manawa i make ai ka malaria i na kanaka he nui, ua oi aku ka maikai o ke ola o ka poe me keia hemahema ma muli o ka pale ana o ka hemoglobin S i ka malaria mai ke komo ana i na keena koko ulaula. No ka mea he pono kēia ʻano hoʻoilina no ke ola ʻana o ka ʻano, no laila ua mālama ʻia. I kēia mau lā, ʻoiaʻiʻo ua lilo ia i mea hemahema i kēia manawa ua mālama maikaʻi ʻia ka malaria.

I mea e loaʻa ai i ke keiki ka maʻi maʻi maʻi anemia, pono nā mākua ʻelua i hāʻawi i ka ʻano hemoglobin S iā lāua. Inā hāʻawi ka makua hoʻokahi i ka gene iā lākou, e lawe pū ke keiki i ka gene fault. , aole nae e loaa keia mai. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoili i ke ʻano.

Ka papa o ka mai

ʻIke ʻia ka maʻi ma kahi o ʻeono mahina a ʻokoʻa kona ʻano mai kekahi maʻi a i kekahi. Loaʻa i kekahi mau hōʻailona maʻalahi wale nō a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o hoʻokahi hoʻouka ʻana i kēlā me kēia makahiki, kahi e hoʻonui ʻia ai nā hōʻailona. I ka wā ma mua, ua make pinepine kēia maʻi i nā keiki ma lalo o ʻelima mau makahiki. ʻOiai ke mau nei ka nui o ka make ma kēia pūʻulu makahiki, hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ke hiki i nā mea maʻi ke ola a hiki i ke kanaka makua.

Nā pilikia

Nui lākou. Ma waena o nā mea nui, ʻike mākou i kēia:

• Pilikia i nā maʻi maʻi. ʻO nā maʻi bacteria ke kumu nui o nā pilikia i nā keiki me ka maʻi maʻi maʻi anemia. ʻO ia ke kumu i hāʻawi pinepine ʻia ai ka lāʻau antibiotic iā lākou. Hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i nā maʻi maʻi i ka spleen, kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi. ʻO ka mea nui, e makaʻu ʻia nā maʻi pneumococcal, ka mea pinepine a me ka weliweli. Pono nā ʻōpio a me nā mākua e pale iā lākou iho i nā maʻi.
• Hoʻopaneʻe ka ulu a me ka ʻōpio, nāwaliwali ke kumukānāwai i nā pākeke. Loaʻa kēia ʻano ma muli o ka nele o ke koko ʻulaʻula.
• Nā pilikia ʻeha. ʻIke pinepine ia ma nā lālā, ka ʻōpū, ke kua a i ʻole ka umauma, a i kekahi manawa ma nā iwi. Hoʻopili ʻia lākou i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e pale ana nā ʻili sickle i ke kahe koko i loko o nā capillaries. Ma muli o ka hihia, hiki iā lākou ke mau mai kekahi mau hola a i kekahi mau pule.
• Hoʻopilikia i ka ʻike. Ke holo maikaʻi ʻole ke koko i loko o nā kīʻaha liʻiliʻi e hoʻopuni ana i nā maka, e hōʻino ia i ka retina a no laila hiki ke alakaʻi i ka makapō.
• Nā pōhaku ʻāʻī. ʻO ka luku wikiwiki ʻana i nā ʻili sickle e hoʻokuʻu i kahi mea pili i ka jaundice, bilirubin. Eia nō naʻe, inā piʻi nui ka pae bilirubin, hiki ke hana ʻia nā gallstones. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka jaundice kekahi o nā hōʻailona e pili ana i kēia ʻano anemia.
• ʻO Edema o nā lima a me nā wāwae a i ʻole ka lima-wāwae maʻi. Eia hou, he hopena kēia o ke kaʻe ʻana o ke kaʻa i hana ʻia e nā ʻili koko ʻulaʻula like ʻole. ʻO ia ka hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi i nā kamaliʻi a i nā manawa he nui e pili ana i ke kuni a me ka ʻeha.
• Ma'i ma'i wāwae. Ma muli o ke kahe ʻana o ke koko i ka ʻili, ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻili ke loaʻa nā meaʻai pono. Ma hope o kekahi, make nā ʻili ʻili a ʻike ʻia nā ʻeha hāmama.
• Priapisme. He mau hana ʻeha a lōʻihi kēia i wehewehe ʻia e ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ke koko i loko o ka penis me ka hiki ʻole ke kahe i hope ma muli o nā ʻāpana sickle. ʻO kēia mau kūkulu lōʻihi e hoʻopau i nā ʻiʻo o ka penis a alakaʻi i ka impotence.
• Huʻi umauma maʻi (acute chest syndrome). ʻO kāna mau hōʻike ʻana penei: ke kuni, ka ʻū, ka expectoration, ka ʻeha o ka umauma, ka pilikia i ka hanu (dyspnea), ka nele o ka oxygen (hypoxemia). Loaʻa kēia maʻi ma muli o ka maʻi ʻāʻī a i ʻole nā ​​​​pūnaewele sickle cell i paʻa i loko o ka māmā. Hoʻopilikia loa ia i ke ola o ka mea maʻi a pono e mālama koke ʻia.
• Nā maʻi kino. Hoʻopilikia ka nele o ka oxygen i nā aʻalolo a me nā kino e like me nā puʻupaʻa, ate a i ʻole spleen. ʻO kēia ʻano pilikia ka make i kekahi manawa.
• Pāpā. Ma ka pale ʻana i ke kaʻa ʻana i ka lolo, hiki i nā ʻili sickle ke kumu i ka hahau. Ma kahi o 10% o nā keiki me ka maʻi i loaʻa iā ia.