ʻO nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona o ka nahu ʻana o ka tick i ke kanaka, he aha ka mea e hana ai?

Nā mite mimi koko - hiki ke lawe i nā pathogens o kekahi mau maʻi weliweli i ke kanaka. ʻO ka maʻi kaulana loa o kēia pūʻulu ma Rūsia ʻo ia ka encephalitis maʻi. He pōʻino nō hoʻi ka borreliosis (maʻi Lyme), ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe i hoʻouna ʻia e nā ticks.

! I kēlā me kēia makahiki, a hiki i ka 400 tausani Lūkini e huli i nā keʻena olakino no ka ʻai ʻana, ʻo ka hapaha o nā mea i hōʻeha ʻia he mau keiki ma lalo o 14 mau makahiki. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka nui o nā maʻi maʻi i loaʻa i nā kamaʻāina o ko mākou ʻāina i nā huakaʻi haole.

Hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ka helu kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻūhā ma ka moku ʻo Siberian, Volga a me Ural federal, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi loa - ma ka Hema a me North Caucasus.

Hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā ticks e ka seasonality. ʻO nā hihia mua o ka nahu - ka puna mua me ka awelika o ka lepo o kēlā me kēia lā ma luna o 0,3⁰C, ka hope - hāʻule hohonu. Hāʻule ka helu kiʻekiʻe o ka nahu o ka tick i ka manawa mai ka waena o ke puna a hiki i ka hapa mua o ke kauwela.

ʻO nā ticks nā mea hiki ke lawe i hoʻokahi, a i kekahi manawa he mau ʻano microbes a me nā maʻi i ka manawa hoʻokahi. No laila, ʻo ke kaʻa ʻana o hoʻokahi pathogen he mono-carrier, a ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha nā pathogens he mea lawe hui. Ma nā ʻāpana me ka nui o ka heluna kanaka, lawe nā ticks i:

• mono-infections - ma 10-20% o nā hihia;

• nā maʻi huikau - ma 7-15% o nā hihia.

He aha ke ʻano o ka tick tick?

Hoʻopili ʻia ka māka i ke kino o ke kanaka me ke kōkua o kahi hypostome. Hoʻokō kēia ʻano ulu ʻole i nā hana o ke kino sensory, hoʻopili a me ke koko koko. ʻO ka wahi kūpono loa e pili ai ka tick i ke kanaka mai lalo i luna:

• ʻāpana ʻāʻī;

• ʻōpū a me ke kua lalo;

• ka umauma, ka ʻāʻī, ka ʻāʻī;

• wahi pepeiao.

I ka nahu ʻana, ma lalo o ka hana ʻana o ke kohu tick a me ka microtrauma, ulu aʻe ka mumū a me kahi hopena maʻi kūloko ma ka ʻili. ʻAʻole ʻeha ka wahi hoʻoheheʻe, hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻulaʻula o kahi ʻano poepoe.

ʻO ke kahua o kahi maʻi maʻi Lyme (borreliosis) ke nānā aku i ke ʻano - ma ke ʻano o kahi erythema patchy kikoʻī, e piʻi ana i 10-20 cm ke anawaena (i kekahi manawa a hiki i 60 cm). ʻO ke ʻano o kahi kiko he poepoe, oval, i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole maʻamau. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, puka mai kahi palena ʻulaʻula kiʻekiʻe ma ka contour. Lilo ke kikowaena o ka erythema i cyanotic a keʻokeʻo paha. I ka lā aʻe, ua like ka wahi me he donut, kahi ʻōpala a me kahi ʻōpala. Ma hope o ʻelua pule, nalowale ka ʻili me ka ʻike ʻole.

Video: nahu ʻia e ka ʻoki, he aha ka hana? Mālama wikiwiki:

ʻO ke kōkua mua no ka nahu ʻana

Pono e kōkua ʻia ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e wehe i ke kiko, waiho i loko o kahi pahu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a kau inoa i ka lepili me ka laʻana biomaterial.

ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o kahi tick e hoʻonāukiuki i kahi pane maʻi o ke kino, i kekahi manawa ma ke ʻano o ka edema o Quincke.

Hoʻomaka nā hōʻailona o ka edema o Quincke i loko o kekahi mau minuke a i ʻole mau hola ma ke ʻano o:

• ka pehu o ka lihilihi, lehelehe a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka maka;

• ʻeha ʻeha;

• hanu pilikia.

He hōʻike weliweli loa kēia o kahi hopena maʻi, pono ʻoe e kāhea koke i kahi ambulance a hoʻāʻo e kōkua i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana o nā kauka.

Ma ka home, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kēia:

• hāʻawi i kekahi o nā antihistamines;

• hāʻawi i ke ea hou;

Hana ʻia nā hana diagnostic a me ka therapeutic no nā maʻi hiki ke hana ʻia i nā keʻena olakino.

Ma hea kahi e hele ai no ka nahu ʻana?

Pono e hana i kēia algorithm o nā hana:

1. e wehe i ke kiko i paa;

2. lawe iā ia i kahi keʻena hana i ʻae ʻia no ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi e ka PCR (e ʻike i lalo no ka helu wahi);

3. hāʻawi i ke koko (inā pono) e ʻike i nā antibodies iā ELISA i loko o ka serum kanaka (nā kikoʻī ma lalo).

4. e hele i kahi papa o ka mālama ʻana e like me nā hopena o nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua a me nā hōʻailona lapaʻau.

1. Wehe i ke kiko paʻa

Hana ʻia ka momi ʻana o ka tick ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kino o ke kanaka. ʻO kēia kaʻina hana mai kekahi mau minuke a i kekahi mau hola. ʻO ka absorption o ke koko mai ʻelua hola a i kekahi mau lā. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia e ke kanaka ka ʻūhā, a ʻo ka ʻiʻo i ʻona i ke koko he poepoe a hina hina.

Pono e wehe koke ʻia kahi ʻōpala omo, akā e akahele loa! Pono e pale i kona ʻōpū mai ka pōʻino a me ka leakage o ka hemolymph a me ke koko kanaka. Pono e mālama ʻia nā lima a me ka ʻeha ma ke kahua o ka nahu ʻana me kahi hopena waiʻona (vodka, solution alcohol iodine a i ʻole ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo).

ʻO ka wehe ʻana i kahi māka me nā ʻano improvised:

1. E hoʻolei i kahi kaula ma ke ʻano o ka loop a puni ka proboscis (kokoke i ka ʻili), e hoʻopaʻa a huki mālie me ka neʻe ʻana. Ma kahi o nā kaula, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā kui, ʻelua pāʻani a me nā mea kūpono ʻē aʻe.

2. E kau i ke kiko i loko o kahi ʻeke plastik, e nakinaki i ka ʻāʻī.

3. E hōʻailona i ka lepili no ka pūʻolo (e hōʻike i ka lā, ka manawa, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai, ka inoa piha o ka mea i wehe ʻia ai ka tick, nā mea hoʻopili no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike e pili ana i ka infestation tick).

Ke wehe ʻana i kahi māka me kahi mea hana kūikawā:

1. E hoʻohana i nā tweezers olakino (manicure) a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hana (Tick Twister, Tick Nipper, Pro tick remedy, Trix, Tricked off, nā mea ʻē aʻe);

2. E kau i ka māka i loko o kahi pahu hau (ʻo ka ʻōmole lāʻau, no ka laʻana);

3. E kau inoa i ka lepili ma ka ipu (e nānā ma luna).

2. E lawe i ka māka i ke keʻena hana ʻae ʻia

Lawe ʻia nā loiloi me ka uku ʻole, akā pono e wehewehe i kēia ʻike. ʻO ka noiʻi PCR e pili ana i nā pahu diagnostic i mākaukau ʻia ʻo AmpliSens TBEV (encephalitis, borreliosis, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis), mea hoʻolaha InterLabService LLC. Pono mākou e ʻike i ka wā e mākaukau ai nā hopena. ʻO ka lā maʻamau a i ʻole kakahiaka aʻe.

3. Hāʻawi i ke koko e ʻike i nā antibodies

I loko o 10 mau lā ma hope o ka nahu ʻana o kahi tick, ma ka ʻōlelo a ke kauka, pono i kekahi manawa ke hāʻawi i ke koko no ka ʻike ʻana i nā antibodies i loko o ke kanaka i nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e nā ticks. No ka diagnostics, hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana hoʻāʻo "VektoVKE -IgG-strip" JSC "Vector-Best". Ka manawa anaana: 2 hola 30 minuke.

4. E mālama i ka immunotherapy e like me ka ʻōlelo a ke kauka

Wahi a nā hopena o ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka PCR a me / a i ʻole serum koko no ELISA, e pili ana i nā ʻōlelo a ke kauka, ua lawe ʻia ka immunotherapy kūikawā.

• Ua uku ʻia ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka immunoglobulin kanaka e kūʻē i ka encephalitis i lawe ʻia i ka tick!

• Hāʻawi ʻia ka Gamma globulin me ka uku ʻole ʻia i kekahi mau ʻano o nā kamaʻāina a ma ke kumu o kahi kulekele VHI ma lalo o ka papahana lapaʻau encephalitis tick-borne (e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻopili i ke keʻena lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia ma ka ʻaelike i loko o 4 mau lā ma hope o ka nahu ʻana).

ʻO ka manawa e hiki ai ke mālama pono ʻia, ka manawa, ka pinepine o ka hoʻokele ʻana o ka globulin e ʻike ʻia mai ke kauka hele. Hōʻike ʻia ka helu wahi o ka mālama olakino no ka encephalitis:

• i nā kulekele DMS;

• ma ke kū i ka hale hana.

Ka pale ʻana i ka nahu a me nā ʻōlelo paipai ʻē aʻe

ʻO ka likelika o ka hoʻouka ʻana i ke kanaka ma muli o:

• ka maikaʻi epidemiological o ka'āina noho;

• ʻoihana pili i ka noho pinepine ʻana i ka nahele, kahua;

• ʻo ka hiki ke kipa ʻana i nā wahi maikaʻi ʻole e pili ana i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pale ʻana i nā hopena e pili ana i ka nahu tick ma:

• ka pale ʻana, akā he mea pale kēia; ke loaʻa ke kanaka, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia;

• ʻO ka immunotherapy kikoʻī kahi ana therapeutic (ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka immunoglobulin wale nō i ka hihia o ka maʻi a i ʻole ka maʻi i manaʻo ʻia ma hope o ka nahu ʻana);

• 'inikua ola kino e uku no ka mālama 'ana;

• ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lole a me nā mea hana kūikawā e pale aku ai i nā ʻōpala i ke kino;

• ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā repellents, ka luku ʻana i nā ticks;

• ka palena ʻana i ka nui o nā ticks i nā biotopes, nā wahi e noho ai nā kānaka.

Nā ʻōlelo paipai no ke koho ʻana i ke kano

Vaccination nui hoemi i ka pilikia o ka maʻi, ua hōʻike 'ia i nā kānaka a pau e noho ana ma ka hemahema wahi, a me ka poe 'oihana pili me ka nahele (drillers, geologists, surveyors, foresters). Inā makemake ʻia, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kēlā me kēia mea makemake iā ia, me ka ʻole o nā contraindications.

Hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻia mai ka makahiki mua o ke ola o ke keiki, a laila i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā pākeke me nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūloko a i lawe ʻia mai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā keiki me nā mea i lawe ʻia mai. Ma Rūsia, loaʻa nā ʻano ʻeono o nā kano mai nā mea hana ʻehā mai Rūsia, Kelemānia a me Switzerland.

ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau encephalitis tick-borne i hana ʻia ma Rusia:

• Hōʻike ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau concentrated inactivated no ka hoʻohana ʻana mai ʻekolu makahiki a ʻoi aku;

• Encevir (EnceVir), Rusia, i hōʻike ʻia mai ka makahiki ʻumikūmāwalu a ʻoi aku.

ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kūʻē i ka encephalitis i lawe ʻia i ka tick-borne i hana ʻia ma Switzerland:

• FSME-Immun Junior (FSME-Immun Junior), hōʻike ʻia mai hoʻokahi makahiki a i ʻumikumamāono makahiki;

• FSM-Immun Inject (FSME-Immun Inject), ua like nā hōʻailona.

ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kūʻē i ka encephalitis i lawe ʻia i ka tick-borne i hana ʻia ma Kelemānia:

• Nā keiki Encepur, hōʻike ʻia mai ka ʻumikumamālua mahina a hiki i ʻumikumamākahi makahiki;

• Encepur makua (Encepur makua), hōʻike ʻia mai ʻumikumamālua makahiki a ʻoi aku.

ʻElua papa hana kano: prophylactic a me ka pilikia:

• Hāʻawi ka lāʻau lapaʻau pale i ka pale ʻana i nā ticks i ka makahiki mua, a ma hope o ka hana hou ʻana - i loko o ʻekolu mau makahiki. Hana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou i kēlā me kēia ʻekolu makahiki.

• Hāʻawi ka lāʻau lapaʻau pilikia i kahi hopena pale pōkole. Hōʻike - hele wikiwiki i nā wahi kūpono ʻole no ka encephalitis.

Hoʻokō ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma hope o ka hoʻokolokolo mua ʻana o ka mea maʻi no nā hopena maʻi, ka hoʻokolohua lapaʻau, thermometry. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā kānaka me nā pilikia olakino. Aia nā contraindications a me nā kapu.

Ma Rusia, "Human Immunoglobulin Against Tick-Borne Encephalitis", i hanaʻia e FSUE NPO "Microgen", i hanaʻia. Aia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā antibodies i mākaukau i ka encephalitis viral. Hāʻawi ʻia ia intramuscularly no ke kumu o ka mālama ʻana, maʻamau ma hope o ka maʻi a i ʻole ka pilikia o ka maʻi. Hiki ke kiʻi ʻia mai kāu kauka mai nā dosis a me ka pinepine o ka lawelawe ʻana.

Nā ʻōlelo paipai no ka ʻinikua o nā koina e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka encephalitis i lawe ʻia e ka tick

He mea pono e paipai i ka 'inikua ma ke 'ano he ho'ohui i ka ho'opa'a 'ana a i 'ole ke ana wale no ke 'ano o ka hiki 'ole o ka ho'opa'a 'ana. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻinikua kūʻē i ka encephalitis i lawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o VHI - ʻinikua lapaʻau manuahi. Ua manaʻo ʻia nā uku e uku no ka mālama ʻana i ke kumu kūʻai o ka encephalitis i lawe ʻia e ka tick a me nā maʻi like ʻole. Ke koho ʻana i kahi polokalamu ʻinikua a me kahi hui ʻinikua, pono ʻoe e hoʻolohe i:

• loaʻa nā ʻae no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka VHI e ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia;

• ke kumukūʻai o nā lawelawe VHI a me ka maikaʻi o ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia;

• ka loaʻa ʻana o nā palapala no ke kuleana e hāʻawi i ka mālama lapaʻau a me ka pale ʻana a i ʻole kahi ʻaelike me kahi mea i ʻae ʻia e hāʻawi i ia kōkua no ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia;

• Loaʻa i kahi laina kelepona manuahi XNUMX-hola no ka ʻōlelo aʻo pilikia.

Nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻouka ʻana

Ke hele nei i ka nahele a i waho paha o ke kūlanakauhale, e koho i nā lole kūpono i nā kala māmā:

• ka lole anti-encephalitis;

• he pālule me nā lima lima lōʻihi a me nā puʻupuʻu a me nā pālule i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā soka;

• he puʻu e pili pono ana i ke poʻo a pale i ka ʻāʻī.

I kēlā me kēia hola pono ʻoe e nānā i nā lole mai lalo a i luna no nā kiko. Manaʻo ʻia e nānā i ke kino i kēlā me kēia ʻelua hola, ma mua o ka ʻāʻī, ka ʻāʻī, ka ʻāʻī, ka umauma a me ke poʻo. He mea pono ke pale a hoemi paha i ka noho ana ma ka mauu kiekie ma ka lihi o ka ululaau, ma na alanui.

Loaʻa nā ʻano mea hana like ʻole no ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi mai ke kino ma ke ʻano o nā ʻupena makika, nā kāmaʻa kūikawā, nā lole, a pēlā aku.

Acaricides (hoʻopau i nā ticks) - he hopena pili wale nō. Pono lākou e hoʻohana wale ʻia no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka lole o waho a me ka mālama anti-mite o nā ʻāina a me nā wahi!

Ma ke kūʻai aku hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā acaricides i manaʻo ʻia no ka noi ʻana i ka ʻili. Akā, pono e hoʻohana pono ʻia - hiki i nā allergies, hiki ke make.

Nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka luku ʻana i nā ticks i nā biotopes a me nā wahi e noho ai nā kānaka

No ka pale ʻana i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi, pono ʻoe:

• mow i ka mauʻu ma ka pūnaewele (mālama nā ticks i ka mea i make i ka mauʻu, maʻamau i ke kiʻekiʻe o 0,6 m, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe he 1,5 mika; ma kahi ʻāina pōloli, ola nā ticks mai ʻelua a ʻehā makahiki, e like me kekahi. nā kumu a hiki i ʻehiku makahiki, ka ulu ʻana mai ka hua manu a hiki i nā kanaka makua - ʻelua a ʻekolu mau makahiki a ʻoi paha ka imago);

• nā kumu lāʻau maʻemaʻe, wehe i nā lau hāʻule (e nalowale nā ​​​​mites i ko lākou mau maʻa i ka lā, a hoʻihoʻi i ke koena i loko o nā hale pulu);

• hoʻopau i nā koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi - tick hosts (ka holo ʻana o ka pathogen i loko o ka fauna hihiu - kahi kumu kūlohelohe o ka maʻi);

• e mālama i nā wahi o ka manaʻo nui o nā ticks (nā māka o ka waena waena e neʻe i loko o 5-10 mau mika, nā hema - a hiki i 100 mika, e hoʻonohonoho pono ana iā lākou iho me ke kōkua o nā mea hoʻokipa, e noʻonoʻo ma nā ala, nā ʻaoʻao o ka ululāʻau - ma nā wahi e pili ana me ka mea i pepehiia).

ʻO nā lāʻau anti-mite ma muli o ka ʻike o ka biology mite maikaʻi ke hana ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ma nā wahi he nui nā hui e hoʻokō nei i ka desacarization, deratization, pest control, hoʻokō i nā mea hana no ka mowing mauʻu, nā mea kemika no ka mālama anti-tick.