ʻO ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi (mai ka Latin intestinum, mai ka ʻōpū, ʻo ia hoʻi "i loko") he ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana digestive.

Localisationʻaʻole. 5 a 7 mika ka lōʻihi a me 3 knm ke anawaena, hahai ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi i ka ʻōpū a hoʻonui ʻia e ka ʻōpū nui (1).

'ole. Aia ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi i ʻekolu ʻāpana (1) (2):

• Aia ka duodenum ma waena o ka pylorus o ka ʻōpū a me ka angle duodeno-jejunal. ʻO ke ʻano C a hohonu loa, ʻo ia ka ʻāpana paʻa o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi. Hiki mai nā ʻauwaʻa excretory mai ka pancreas a me ka bile duct i kēia māhele.
• Hoʻomaka ka jejunum ma ke kihi duodeno-jejunal a hoʻonui i ka ileum. ʻO ia, me ka ileum, ka hapa nui o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi.
• Hahai ka ileum i ka jejunum a hoʻonui i ka valve ileocecal, e alakaʻi ana i ka ʻōpū nui. ʻO ka ileum a me ka jejunum ka ʻāpana paʻa o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi.

Wall. Hana ʻia ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi me 4 envelopes (1):

• ʻO ka mucous membrane ka papa o loko e loaʻa ana nā ʻili he nui, e hūnā ana i kahi mucus pale.
• ʻO ka submucosa ka papa waena i hana ʻia i loko o nā moku a me nā aʻa.
• ʻO ka muscularis ka papa o waho i hana ʻia i nā olonā nāʻiʻo.
• ʻO ka membrane serous, a i ʻole peritoneum, kahi envelope e uhi ana i ka paia o waho o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi.

Digestion. Hana ʻia ka ʻai ʻana i loko o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi, a ʻoi aku ka nui ma ka duodenum ma o nā enzyme digestive a me nā waikawa bile. Puka mai nā enzyme digestive mai ka pancreatic ma o nā ʻauwaʻa excretory, aʻo nā ʻakika bile mai loko mai o ke ake ma o nā ʻawa bile (3). Na nā enzyme digestive a me nā ʻakika bile e hoʻololi i ka chyme, he wai e komo ana i ka meaʻai i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā wai hoʻoheheʻe mai ka ʻōpū, i chyle, he wai maʻemaʻe i loaʻa i nā fibers meaʻai, nā haʻahaʻa paʻakikī, nā molekele maʻalahi, a me nā meaʻai (4).

ʻO kaʻae. No kāna hana, e komo ke kino i kekahi mau mea e like me nā kalapona, nā momona, nā protein, nā electrolytes, nā huaora, a me ka wai (5). ʻO ka absorption o nā huahana o ka digestion e hana nui ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi, a ma ka duodenum a me ka jejunum.

Ka pale ʻana o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi. Mālama ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi iā ia iho i nā hoʻouka kemika a me ka mīkini ma ka huna ʻana i ka mucus, e pale ana i ka membrane mucous (3). Mālama ʻia ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi mai ka hoʻopōʻino ʻia e ka bacteria i loko o ka ʻōpū nui e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka valve ileocecal.

Maʻi maʻi ʻōpū mau. Kūlike kēia mau maʻi i ka mumū o ka uhi o ka ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana digestive, e like me ka maʻi o Crohn. Pākuʻi ʻia nā ʻōuli me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū nui a me ka diarrhea (6).

ʻO ka maʻi huhū huhū. Hōʻike ʻia kēia maʻi ma muli o ka hypersensitivity o ka paia o ka ʻōpū a me ka irregularity i ka ʻoki ʻana o nā ʻiʻo. Hōʻike ia iā ia iho ma o nā hōʻailona like ʻole e like me ka diarrhea, constipation, a i ʻole ka ʻeha ʻōpū. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu o kēia maʻi i kēia lā.

Kūlaha pila. Hōʻike ia i kahi kū o ka hana o ke kaʻa, e hōʻeha ana i ka ʻeha a me ka luaʻi. Hiki i ke kahakaha ʻōpala ke kumu mechanical me ke kū ʻana o kahi ālaina i ka wā o ke kaʻa (gallstones, tumors, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) akā hiki ke lilo i kemika e ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana i kahi maʻi o kahi kiko kokoke, e laʻa me ka peritonitis.

Ulcer peptic. Pili kēia pathology i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi ʻeha hohonu i ka paia o ka ʻōpū a i ʻole ka duodenum. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o ka bacteria akā hiki ke loaʻa i ka wā e lawe ai i kekahi mau lāʻau (7). 

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka pathology diagnose, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau e like me nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory a analgesics paha.

ʻO keʻano maʻamau. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka pathology a me kāna evolution, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kahi hoʻopili lāʻau.

Ke kaulike. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka o ka ʻeha me kahi hoʻokolohua kino e loiloi i nā ʻōuli a ʻike i nā kumu o ka ʻeha.

Ninaninau ʻaʻano. Hiki ke hana i nā hoʻokolohua koko a me nā ʻōpala e hana a hōʻoia paha i kahi kuhi.

ʻImi hoʻokolohua kiʻi. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka pathology i manaʻo ʻia a i hōʻoia ʻia paha, hana ʻia paha kekahi mau loiloi hou e like me ka ultrasound, kahi CT scan a i ʻole MRI.

Ninaninau endoscopic. Hiki ke hana i ka endoscopy no ke aʻo ʻana i nā paia o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi.

I ka makahiki 2010, ua paʻi nā kānaka noiʻi mai Inserm ma Nantes i kā lākou mau hopena noiʻi e pili ana i nā hopena o ka maʻi o Parkinson ma nā neurons digestive i loko o ka puke pai ʻepekema ʻo Plos One. Ua hōʻike lākou i nā leona o ka maʻi ʻo Parkinson ʻaʻole pili wale i nā hunaola o ke kikowaena ʻōnaehana, akā ʻo nā mea o ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana enteric, a ʻoi aku ka pololei o ka ʻōnaehana digestive. Hiki i kēia loaʻa ke ʻae i kahi hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi o Parkinson (8).