ʻO ka medulla oblongata, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka elongated medulla, he ʻāpana o ka lolo, nona ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena a ke pāʻani nei i kahi kuleana nui i nā hana ola.

wahi. ʻO ka medulla oblongata ka ʻāpana haʻahaʻa o ka lolo. Hoʻomaka ka hope ma lalo o ka lolo i loko o ka pahu cranial a hele i loko o ka foramen occipital e hui i ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka canal vertebral, kahi e hoʻonui ʻia ai e ke kuamoʻo (1). Hoʻokumu ʻia ka lolo i ʻekolu ʻāpana: ka waena waena, ke alahaka a me ka medulla oblongata. Aia ka hope ma waena o ke alahaka a me ke kuamoʻo.

Ke ʻano kūloko. ʻO ka lolo, me ka medulla oblongata, ua hana ʻia me kahi mea hina i hoʻopuni ʻia e kahi mea keʻokeʻo. Ma loko o kēia mea keʻokeʻo, aia kekahi nuclei mea hina kahi e puka mai ai 10 o nā aʻalolo cranial 12 (2). Ma waena o nā aʻalolo, nā aʻalolo trigeminal, nā aʻalolo abducent, nā aʻalolo maka, nā aʻalolo vestibulocochlear, nā aʻalolo glossopharyngeal, nā aʻalolo vagus, nā aʻalolo kōkua a me nā aʻalolo hypoglossal e puka piha a hapa paha mai ka medulla oblongata. Loaʻa ʻia nā mea ʻē aʻe a me nā nerve nerve ma ke ʻano o ka medulla oblongata ma ke ʻano o nā protrusions e like me nā pyramids a i ʻole nā ​​​​oliva (2).

Kūlana waho. ʻO ka ʻili hope o ka medulla oblongata a me ke alahaka ka paia mua o ka ventricle ʻehā, kahi lua e kahe ai ka wai cerebrospinal.

Ke ala hele o nā kaʻa a me nā ala sensory. ʻO ka medulla oblongata kahi wahi ala no nā ala kaʻa a me nā ala ʻike.

Kikowaena Cardiovascular. He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka medulla oblongata i ka hoʻoponopono naʻau. Hoʻololi ia i ke alapine a me ka ikaika o nā ʻokiʻoki o ka naʻau. Hoʻololi pū ia i ke kahe koko ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke anawaena o nā kīʻaha koko (2).

Kikowaena hanu. Hoʻomaka a hoʻololi ka medulla oblongata i ke kani hanu a me ka amplitude (2).

Nā hana ʻē aʻe o ka medulla oblongata. Hoʻopili ʻia nā hana ʻē aʻe me ka medulla oblongata e like me ka ʻai ʻana, salivation, hiccups, ka luaʻi ʻana, ka ʻū ʻana a i ʻole ke kihe ʻana (2).

Bulbar syndrome pili i nā pathologies like ʻole e pili ana i ka medulla oblongata. Hiki iā lākou ke kumu degenerative, vascular a tumor paha.

Pāpā. Hōʻike ʻia ka pōʻino cerebrovascular, a i ʻole ka hahau ʻana, e ke keakea ʻana, e like me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ke koko koko a i ʻole ka haki ʻana o kahi kīʻaha koko cerebral.3 Hiki i kēia maʻi ke hoʻopilikia i nā hana o ka medulla oblongata.

ʻO ke poʻo o ke poʻo. Kūlike ia i kahi haʻalulu i ka iwi poʻo i hiki ke hōʻino i ka lolo. (4)

Maʻi maʻi Parkinson. Ua like ia me kahi maʻi neurodegenerative, ʻo nā hōʻailona o ia mea he haʻalulu i ka hoʻomaha, a i ʻole ka lohi a me ka emi ʻana o ke ʻano o ka neʻe. (5)

ʻO ka moʻo'ōlelo nui. ʻO kēia pathology kahi maʻi autoimmune o ke kikowaena pūnaewele. Hoʻopuka ka ʻōnaehana pale i ka myelin, ka uhi e hoʻopuni ana i nā aʻa nerve, e hana ana i nā hopena inflammatory. (6)

Nā ʻōpū o ka medulla oblongata. Hiki ke ulu aʻe nā maʻi maʻi ʻino a i ʻole ma ka medulla oblongata. (7)

ʻO Thrombolyse. Hoʻohana ʻia i ka hahau ʻana, ʻo kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo ia ka uhaʻi ʻana i ka thrombi, a i ʻole ke koko koko, me ke kōkua o nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

Nā hōʻailona lapaʻau. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka pathology diagnose, nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe e kuhikuhi ʻia e like me nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory.

ʻO keʻano maʻamau. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi i ʻike ʻia, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ke kōkua lāʻau.

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke kahua o ka tumelo, kuhikuhi ʻia paha kēia mau lāʻau ʻana.

Ke kaulike. ʻO ka mea mua, hana ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua i mea e nānā a loiloi ai i nā ʻōuli i ʻike ʻia e ka mea maʻi.

ʻImi hoʻokolohua kiʻi. I mea e loiloi ai i ka hōʻino ʻana o ka lolo, hiki ke hana ʻia kahi cerebral a me ka spinal CT scan a i ʻole kahi cerebral MRI.

nā lāʻau kanu. Aia kēia hōʻike i kahi laʻana o nā hunaola.

Pahu lumbar. Hāʻawi kēia hōʻike i ka wai cerebrospinal e kālailai.

ʻO Thomas Willis kahi kauka Pelekane i manaʻo ʻia ʻo kekahi o nā paionia o ka neurology. ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea mua e hōʻike i kahi wehewehe paʻa o ka lolo, ʻo ia hoʻi ma kāna puke ʻōlelo ʻĀtoma cerebral. (8)