ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka STD e pili ana i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e ke kāne (STDs), i kapa ʻia i kēia manawa he STI (nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e ke kāne). Ma waena o nā kakini STI i loaʻa, ke kumu kekahi i nā hōʻailona, ​​​​ʻaʻole hana kekahi. No laila ke koʻikoʻi o ka nānā ʻana iā lākou i mea e mālama ai iā lākou a pale aku, no kekahi, nā pilikia koʻikoʻi.

ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka STD e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana no nā STD like ʻole (mau maʻi i hoʻouna ʻia e ke kāne), i kapa ʻia i kēia manawa he STI (nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e ke kāne). He hoʻonohonoho kēia o nā kūlana i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā maʻi maʻi, bacteria a i ʻole parasite i hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia i ka wā o ka moekolohe, me ke komo ʻana a no kekahi, me ka ʻole.

Aia nā STI like ʻole:

• ka maʻi me ka maʻi HIV a i ʻole AIDS;
• ka maʻi hepa B;
• syphilis ("pox");
• chlamydia, ma muli o ka germ Chlamydiae trachomatis ;
• lymphogranulomatosis venereal (LGV) ma muli o kekahi mau ʻano o ʻO Chlamydia thrachomatis ʻoi aku ka huhū;
• herpes genital;
• ka maʻi papillomavirus (HPV);
• ʻo ka gonorrhea (i kapa ʻia ʻo "piss wela") ma muli o ka maʻi bacteria lele loa, Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonocoque);
• vaginitis ma ʻO Trichomonas vaginalis (a i ʻole trichonomase);
• nā maʻi mycoplasma, i hana ʻia e nā maʻi bacteria like ʻole: ʻO Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Mycoplasma, ʻO Mycoplasma urealyticum ;
• Hiki ke lawe ʻia kekahi mau maʻi hū vulvovaginal i ka wā moe, akā hiki nō ke loaʻa i ka maʻi hū me ka ʻole o ka moekolohe.

Mālama nā condom i ka hapa nui o nā STI, akā ʻaʻole nā ​​​​mea āpau. Hiki ke lawa ka hoʻopili maʻalahi o ka ʻili i ka ʻili e hoʻoili i ka chlamydia, no ka laʻana.

No laila, he mea nui ka ho'āʻo ʻana no nā STD. ʻO ka manawa leo, hiki iā lākou ke kumu o nā pilikia like ʻole: 

• maʻamau me nā localization ʻē aʻe o ka maʻi: pōʻino i nā maka, lolo, aʻalolo, naʻau no ka syphilis; cirrhosis a i 'ole ka ma'i 'a'ai no ka ma'i hepa B; ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka AIDS no ka maʻi HIV;
• ka pilikia o ka pi'i 'ana i ka ma'i ma'i ma'i a i 'ole ka ma'i 'a'ai no kekahi mau HPV;
• ʻo ke komo ʻana o ka ʻōpū, ka ovarian a i ʻole ke pelvic e hiki ke alakaʻi i ka sterility tubal (ma hope o ka salpingitis) a i ʻole ka hāpai ʻana i ka ectopic (chlamydia, gonococcus);
• ka lawe ʻana o ka makuahine-fetal me ke komo ʻana o ke keiki hānau hou (chlamydia, gonococcus, HPV, hepatitis, HIV).

ʻO ka mea hope loa, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo nā STI āpau e hoʻonāwaliwali i ka mucous membrane a hoʻonui nui i ka pilikia o ka hoʻomake ʻia e ka maʻi AIDS.

Hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia ka hoʻokolohua lapaʻau i kekahi mau STI, akā pono ka hōʻoia i nā hoʻokolohua laboratory: serology ma o ka hoʻāʻo koko a i ʻole ka laʻana bacteriological e pili ana i ka STI.

• Hana ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ka maʻi HIV ma o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke koko, ma kahi o 3 mau mahina ma hope o ka moe kolohe, inā pili. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ELISA hui. Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻimi no nā antibodies i hana ʻia i mua o ka maʻi HIV, a me ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi mea maʻi virus, ka p24 antigen, ʻike ʻia ma mua o nā antibodies. Inā maikaʻi kēia hoʻāʻo, pono e hana ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua lua i kapa ʻia ʻo Western-Blot e ʻike ai inā aia maoli ka maʻi. ʻO kēia hōʻoia hōʻoia wale nō e hiki ke hōʻike inā he maʻi HIV maoli ke kanaka. E hoʻomaopopo i kēia lā aia kahi hoʻāʻo pilikino no ke kūʻai ʻana me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Hana ʻia ia ma kahi kulu liʻiliʻi o ke koko. Pono e hōʻoia ʻia kahi hopena maikaʻi e kahi hoʻokolohua lua;
• ʻIke ʻia ka gonococcal gonorrhea me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi laʻana ma ka puka o ka wahine no nā wahine, ma ka hope o ka penis no nā kāne. Ua lawa paha ka mimi;
• ʻO ka hōʻailona o ka chlamydia e pili ana i kahi swab kūloko ma ka puka o ka wahine, a i nā kāne, kahi mimi a i ʻole kahi swab ma ka puka o ka urethra;
• ʻO ka nānā ʻana no ka maʻi hepa B pono e hoʻāʻo i ke koko e hana i ka serology;
• ʻO ka hōʻailona o ka herpes i hanaʻia e ka nānāʻana i nā maʻi maʻamau; e hōʻoia i ka hōʻoia ʻana, hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā ʻāpana cell mai nā lesions i loko o ka hale hana;
• Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā maʻi papillomavirus (HPV) ma ka hoʻokolohua lapaʻau (ma ke alo o ka condylomata) a i ka wā o kahi smear. Inā loaʻa kahi smear kūpono ʻole (ʻano ASC-US no "nā mea ʻino o nā cell squamous cell of unknown significance"), hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo HPV. Inā maikaʻi, ʻōlelo ʻia kahi colposcopy (noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka pūpū me ke aniani hoʻonui nui) me kahi laʻana biopsy inā ʻike ʻia kahi mea ʻino;
• ʻIke maʻalahi ʻia ka trichomonas vaginitis ma ka hoʻokolokolo gynecological i ke alo o nā hōʻailona manaʻo like ʻole (ka ʻike ʻana i ka wela o ka vulvar, ka ʻāʻī, ka ʻeha i ka wā o ka moekolohe) a me ke ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻohemo ʻana (nui, ʻala, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka pua). Inā kānalua, hiki ke lawe i kahi laʻana vaginal;
• ʻo ka hōʻailona o ka lymphogranulomatosis venereal e koi i kahi laʻana mai nā ʻeha;
• Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā maʻi mycoplasma me kahi swab kūloko.

Hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia kēia mau hoʻokolohua biological like ʻole e ka lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole ke kauka kūikawā (gynecologist, urologist). Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia aia kekahi mau wahi i hoʻolaʻa ʻia, ʻo ka CeGIDD (Free Information, Screening and Diagnosis Center) i ʻae ʻia e hana i ka nānā ʻana no ka maʻi hepatitis B a me C a me STI. Hiki i nā Hale Hoʻolālā Māmā a me nā Keiki (PMI), Nā Hale Hoʻolālā ʻohana a me nā Kula Hoʻonaʻauao (CPEF) a me nā Papa Hoʻolālā ʻohana a i ʻole nā ​​​​Centers Planning hiki ke hāʻawi i ka nānā manuahi.

Hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia ka nānā ʻana o STD no nā hōʻailona like ʻole:

• ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka wahine he ʻokoʻa ke kala, ʻala, ka nui;
• ka huhū ma ka'āpana pili;
• nā maʻi mimi: paʻakikī i ka mimi ʻana, ka ʻeha ʻeha, ka makemake pinepine e mimi;
• ʻeha i ka wā o ka moekolohe;
• ka ʻike ʻana o nā warts liʻiliʻi (HPV), kahi chancre (ke ʻano ʻeha liʻiliʻi ʻole o ka syphilis), blister (genital herpes) i loko o ke kino;
• ʻeha pelvic;
• metrorrhagia;
• luhi, nausea, jaundice;
• ke ahi a me / a i ʻole ka melemele mai ka penis (bennoragia);
• ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ke kino ma ke ʻano he kulu kakahiaka a i ʻole he māmā, ʻoozing akaka (chlamydiae).

Hiki ke noi ʻia ka nānā ʻana e ka mea maʻi a kauoha ʻia paha e ke kauka ma hope o ka moe kolohe (ka wahine pale ʻole, ka pilina me ke kanaka hilinaʻi kānalua, etc.).

No ka noho leo ʻole o kekahi mau STD, hiki ke hana mau ʻia ka nānā ʻana o STD ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka hahai ʻana i nā maʻi gynecological. Ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻāʻī ma o ka nānā ʻana i ka HPV, ua paipai ka High Authority of Health (HAS) i kahi hamo i kēlā me kēia 3 makahiki mai 25 a 65 mau makahiki ma hope o ʻelua mau hamo maʻamau i hana ʻia i hoʻokahi makahiki kaʻawale. Ma ka manaʻo o Kepakemapa 2018, paipai pū ka HAS i ka nānā ʻana i nā maʻi chlamydia i nā wahine hoʻoikaika kino i ka makahiki 15 a hiki i 25, a me ka nānā ʻana i kekahi mau kūlana: mau hoa (ma ka liʻiliʻi ʻelua mau hoa i kēlā me kēia makahiki), hoʻololi hou o ka hoa, kanaka. a i ʻole nā ​​hoa pili i loaʻa i ka maʻi STI ʻē aʻe, ka moʻolelo o nā STI, nā kāne moe kāne (MSM), nā kānaka i ka moekolohe a i ʻole ma hope o ka hoʻokamakama ʻana.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, ma ke ʻano o ka nānā ʻana i ka hāpai ʻana, pono kekahi mau hōʻike (syphilis, hepatitis B), ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kekahi (HIV).

Inā loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi, pili ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi:

• ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka maʻi HIV, akā hiki i ka hui pū ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau (triple therapy) no ke ola ke pale i kona ulu ʻana;
• trichomonas vaginitis, gonorrhea, mycoplasma maʻi maʻalahi a mālama pono ʻia me ka lāʻau antibiotic, i kekahi manawa ma ke ʻano o ka "lāʻau wikiwiki";
• ʻO ka lymphogranulomatosis venereal e koi i kahi papa 3 pule o nā lāʻau antibiotic;
• koi ka syphilis i ka mālama ʻana me nā lāʻau antibiotic (injection a waha paha);
• He ʻokoʻa ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi HPV ma muli o ke kumu a i ʻole ʻole, a me ka paʻakikī o nā maʻi. ʻO ka hoʻokele ʻana mai ka mākaʻikaʻi maʻalahi a hiki i ka conization inā loaʻa nā ʻeha kiʻekiʻe, me ka mālama ʻana i nā warts a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i nā lesions me ka laser;
• ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka maʻi herpes genital. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ai ke hakakā i kaʻeha a me ka palena o ka lōʻihi a me ka ikaika o ka herpes i ka hopena o ka hoʻoukaʻana;
• i ka hapanui o nā hihia, hoʻonā wale ka maʻi hepatitis B, akā i kekahi mau manawa hiki ke holomua i ka chronicity.

Pono e mālama ʻia ka hoa pili e pale aku i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohaumia hou ʻana.

ʻO ka hope, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he mea maʻamau ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi mau STI pili i ka wā o ka nānā ʻana.