He ʻano like ʻole nā ​​CAWs a ʻano ʻokoʻa loa ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona. He aha nā mea a lākou e like ai: ʻike ʻia lākou e ka lawehala ʻai ʻana a me ka pilina me ka meaʻai, a he hopena maikaʻi ʻole paha ka hopena i ke olakino kanaka.

Anorexia nervosa (ʻano kiki a i pili paha me ka ʻai nui ʻana)

ʻO Anorexia ka TCA mua i wehewehe a ʻike ʻia. 'Lelo mākou no anorexia nervosa, a hopohopo paha. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia e ka makaʻu nui i ka lilo ʻana a i ʻole ka lilo ʻana i momona, a no laila ke makemake nui nei e lilo i ka paona, kaohi ʻana i ka papaʻai nui (e hele ana a hōʻole i ka ʻai ʻana), a me ka hemahema o ke kino. kiʻi kino. He maʻi psychiatric ia e pili nui i nā wahine (90%) a ʻike pinepine ʻia i ka wā ʻōpio. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Anorexia e hoʻopili iā 0,3% i 1% o nā wahine ʻōpio.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o anorexia penei:

1. ʻO ka kaohi manawaleʻa o ka meaʻai a me ka lawe ʻana o ka ikehu (a i ʻole hōʻole e ʻai) e alakaʻi ana i ka nui o ke kaupaona a me ka hopena i kahi papa kuhikuhi kino i haʻahaʻa loa e pili ana i ka makahiki a me ka wahine.
2. Ka makaʻu nui i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaumaha a lilo i ka momona, ʻoiai ke lahilahi.
3. ʻO ka distorsi o ke ʻano o ke kino (ke ʻike nei iā ʻoe iho momona a momona inā ʻaʻole ʻoe), hōʻole i ke kaupaona maoli a me ka umekaumaha o ke kūlana.

I kekahi mau hihia, pili ka anorexia me nā hanana o ka binge ʻai (ʻai ʻinu ʻana), ʻo ia ka hoʻopili ʻole ʻana o ka meaʻai. A laila "hoʻomaʻemaʻe" ke kanaka iā lākou iho e hoʻopau i ka nui o nā calorie, e like me ka luaʻi ʻana a hoʻohana ʻana paha i nā laxatives a i ʻole diuretics.

ʻO ke kumuʻai maln i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka anorexia hiki ke kuleana no nā ʻōuli he nui. I nā wahine ʻōpio, hele pinepine nā wā ma lalo o kekahi kaumaha (amenorrhea). ʻO nā haunaele digestive (constipation), lethargy, māluhiluhi a chilliness paha, arrhythmia cardiac, deficits ʻike ʻole a me nā hana ʻino ʻole. Inā haʻalele ʻole ʻia, hiki i ka anorexia ke alakaʻi i ka make.

Bulimia nervosa

ʻO Bulimia kahi TCA i hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻai nui a koi ʻia paha o ka meaʻai (ka ʻai ʻana i ka binge) e pili pū me nā lawena hoʻomaʻemaʻe (hoʻāʻo e hoʻopau i nā meaʻai i lawe ʻia, e ka luaʻi i hoʻokomo ʻia).

Hoʻopili nui ʻo Bulimia i nā wahine (ma kahi o 90% o nā hihia). Ua koho ʻia he 1% a 3% o nā wahine e ʻeha i ka bulimia i ko lākou ola (hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana).

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia e:

• nā māhele hou o ka ʻai ʻana i ka binge (ʻānai ʻana i ka nui o nā meaʻai ma lalo o 2 mau hola, me ka manaʻo o ka lilo ʻana o ka kaohi)
• hana hou i nā ʻāpana "compensatory", i manaʻo ʻia e pale i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaumaha (purging)
• hana ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana ma ka liʻiliʻi i hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule no 3 mau mahina.

ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, aia ka poʻe me ka bulimia i ke kaupaona maʻamau a hūnā i kā lākou "fits", a paʻakikī ka ʻike.

ʻO kaʻaihue Binge

ʻO ka ʻai ʻo Binge a i ʻole "compulsive" ʻo ka binge ʻai e like me ka bulimia (kahi lawe ʻole o ka meaʻai a me ka manaʻo o ka lilo o ka kaohi), akā ʻaʻole hele pū ʻia me nā lawena compensatory, e like me ka luaʻi ʻana a i ʻole lawe i nā laxatives.

Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ka overeating me kekahi o kēia mau kumu:

• ʻai wikiwiki;
• ʻai a hiki i kou manaʻo "piha loa";
• ʻai i nā meaʻai he nui inā ʻaʻole ʻoe pololi;
• e ʻai wale ana no ka hilahila e pili ana i ka nui o nā meaʻai e ʻai ʻia.
• ka huhū, kaumaha a hewa paha ma hope o ka hanana o ka ʻai ʻana.

Pili ka ʻai nui ʻana me ka momona i ka hapa nui o nā hihia. Hoʻopilikia ʻia ka manaʻo o ka māʻona a ʻaʻohe paha.

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka ʻai nui ʻana (nā maʻi ʻai binge, ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania) ʻo ia ka TCA maʻa mau. I ko lākou wā e ola ana, 3,5% o nā wahine a me 2% o nā kāne e hoʻopili ʻia¹.

ʻAi hānai

ʻO kēia māhele hou o DSM-5, kahi ākea ākea, hoʻokomo pū ʻia koho ʻai a me / a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻalo hōʻalo (ARFID, no ka mea ʻO ka maʻi hōʻino / hoʻohiʻai ʻaʻai), ka mea pili i nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia mau maʻi e kahi selectivity ikaika loa i nā meaʻai: ʻai wale ke keiki i kekahi mau meaʻai, hōʻole nui iā lākou (no ko lākou ʻano, ko lākou kala a me ko lākou pilau, no ka laʻana). Loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o kēia selectivity: ka pohō kaumaha, kaʻai pono ʻole, nā hemahema. I ka wā kamaliʻi a ʻōpio paha, hiki i kēia mau maʻi ʻai ke hoʻopilikia i ka ulu ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana.

ʻOkoʻa kēia mau maʻi mai ka anorexia ma ka pili ʻole ʻana me ka makemake e lilo kaupaona a i ʻole ke ʻano o ke kino i hoʻohuli hewahewa.².

Kakaikahi ka ʻikepili i paʻi ʻia ma ke kumuhana a no laila ʻaʻole ʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i ka laha ʻana o kēia mau maʻi. ʻOiai hoʻomaka lākou i ka wā kamaliʻi, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomau i ke ʻano makua.

Eia hou, hoʻowahāwahā a i ʻole pathological aversion i ka meaʻai, ma hope o kahi ʻāpana choking no ka laʻana, hiki ke hana i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i kēia ʻano.

ʻO Pica (kaʻai ʻana i nā mea hiki ʻole ke inu)

ʻO ka pika kahi maʻi i hōʻike ʻia e ka inghes koi (a i ʻole hoʻi hou) o nā mea i ʻai ʻole, e like me ka lepo (geophagy), nā pōhaku, ke kopa, ka paʻakai, ka pepa, a pēlā aku.

Inā hele nā ​​pēpē āpau i kahi manawa maʻamau a lākou e waiho ai i nā mea a lākou e ʻike ai i ko lākou waha, lilo kēia ʻano i pathological ke hoʻomau a hoʻi hou ia i nā keiki makua (ma hope o 2 mau makahiki).

ʻIke pinepine ʻia i nā keiki i loaʻa i ka autism a i ʻole ke kīnā ʻole o ka ʻike. Hiki iā ia ke hana i nā keiki i ka ilihune nui, ka mea e ʻeha i ka malnutrity a i ʻole lawa ʻole ka hoʻonāukiuki i ka naʻau.

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka laha no ka mea ʻaʻole hōʻike ʻōnaehana ʻia kēia hanana.

I kekahi mau hihia, pili ka pica me ka hemahema hao: e ʻimi ʻino ke kanaka e ʻai i nā mea ʻai ʻole i waiwai i ka hao, akā noho hoʻopaʻapaʻa kēia wehewehe. ʻO nā hihia o ka pica i ka wā hāpai (hōʻike ʻia i ka honua a i ʻole ka chalk) pū kekahi³, a ʻo ka hana kekahi ʻāpana o nā kuʻuna o kekahi mau ʻāina ʻApelika a me ʻAmelika Hema (ka manaʻoʻiʻo i nā pono "momona" o ka honua)^4,5.

Merycism (hanana o "rumination", ʻo ia ka mea regurgitation a remastication)

ʻO Merycism kahi maʻi ʻai laha ʻole e hopena ai i ka regurgitation a me ka "rumination" (chewing) o nā meaʻai i lawe mua ʻia.

ʻAʻole kēia ka luaʻi a i ʻole reflux gastroesophageal akā he regurgitation manawaleʻa o ka ʻai i ʻeli hapa ʻia. Hana maʻalahi ʻia ka Regurgitation, me ka ʻole o ka huehue gastric, ʻokoʻa ka luaʻi.

Kū pinepine kēia maʻi maʻi i nā pēpē a me nā keiki ʻōpio, a i kekahi manawa i ka poʻe me ke kino kīnā.

Ua wehewehe ʻia kekahi mau hihia o ka rumination i nā mākua me ke kīnā ʻole o ka ʻike, akā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka laha maʻamau o kēia maʻi.⁶.

Nā maʻi'ē aʻe

Aia kekahi mau maʻi ʻai ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e ʻike pono i nā pae diagnostic o nā mahele i ʻōlelo ʻia i luna. Ke hoʻopuka ka hana ʻai i ka pilikia psychological a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia physiological, pono ia ke kumuhana o ke kūkā a me ka lāʻau.

ʻO kahi laʻana, he mea hilahila paha ia me kekahi ʻano o nā meaʻai (e laʻa me orthorexia, kahi mea hilahila i nā meaʻai "olakino", me ka ʻole anorexia), a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano atypical e like me ka overeating nocturnal, ma waena o kekahi.