Contents
Wahi a ka WHO, ka World Health Office, ma Farani, 1 i loko o 10 mau make e pili ana i ke kaiapuni. Ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ʻike ʻia kahi hapahā o nā make pēpē i ko lākou kumu ma laila.
Nui nā mea hoʻoweliweli: ka maikaʻi o ka ea, ka maikaʻi o ka lepo, nā wahi i haumia. Ma Palani, ua hoʻopilikia ʻia kahi hōʻino hou i kekahi mau kula, i koho ʻia no ko lākou mau pilikia haumia i loko.
No laila he aha nā wahi i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia ma kā mākou teritore? No hea mai kēia haumia? ʻO wai nā kūlanakauhale haumia loa ma Farani i ka makahiki 2018?
Hāʻawi kēia dossier iā ʻoe i kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā mea hoʻoweliweli e kau ana ma luna o ko mākou mau kūlanakauhale, a me nā ala e pale aku ai iā mākou iho a e hana ai.
E hoʻokomo i kāu ʻōlelo ma aneʻi…
ʻO nā kūlanakauhale haumia loa ma Farani ma 2019
Owai na kulanakauhale haumia loa ma Farani? E ʻike ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana: ʻike ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka ea, ka wai a me ka lepo, akā ʻo wai ka mea nui?
ʻO nā kūlanakauhale ʻelima ma luna o kēia podium e pili ana i nā ʻano haumia like ʻole, akā ʻike ʻia lākou ma ke kumu hou [1]
1 - Lyon Villeurbanne
Me ka hui ʻana o ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi miliona mau kānaka, ʻo Lyon, prefecture o Rhône, aia ma luna o ka pae. Aia ʻo ia ma laila ʻO ke kūlanakauhale ʻelua o Farani kahi i mālama ʻia ai ka ʻōpala radioactive.
Me ka 2 miliona m2 o ka brownfields i haumia i ke kepau, chromium a i ole hydrocarbons, ua haumia loa ka lepo: aia he 66 mau kahua i hoopololeiia, a he mea weliweli kekahi. Ua hopohopo ʻo Lyon i nā hoʻopiʻi hou i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka European Union.
Kuhi ʻia kēia mau kūlanakauhale Farani kahi i hōʻea ai nā paepae ʻāpana i nā palena koʻikoʻi. Ua ʻike ʻo ia i kekahi mau hanana o ka pollution peaks ma 2017 ʻoiai kekahi mau ana. Ma nā wahi, aia kekahi ʻano o ka arsenic a me nā kiʻekiʻe o nā nitrates i loko o ka wai.
Hiki iā mākou ke kuhikuhi, ma ke kūlanakauhale nui, ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Villeurbanne nona nā wahi haumia 34. Me 140 mau kānaka, ua hōʻea i nā paepae koʻikoʻi e pili ana i nā pae o ka nitrogen dioxide a me nā ʻāpana PM000.
ʻAʻole mamao loa mai laila, ʻike ʻia ke awāwa ʻo Arve ʻo ia kekahi o nā wahi haumia loa ma Farani, ma muli o kona wahi ʻāina, a me ka hoʻomehana lāʻau i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hoʻoilo kahi kokoke i 80%. hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā ʻāpana.
2 – Marseilles
Kiʻi kiʻi: Cyrille Dutrulle (loulou)
E hakakā pinepine ʻo Marseille lāua ʻo Paris no ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pae e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o ka ea. Me 50 mau wahi koʻikoʻi, 2 mau kahua i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Seveso, ʻo ia hoʻi ka pōʻino i ka wā o kahi ulia pōpilikia, ʻo Marseille, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka haumia maʻamau e pili ana i ka halihali alanui, he kiʻekiʻe ka pollution i pili i ka halihali moana, me ka helu ʻole o nā hanana wahie. ʻO ia ka mea nāna e hoʻopaʻa i ka helu kiʻekiʻe loa o nā ʻāpana maikaʻi i ka lewa.
Manaʻo paha kekahi aia ʻo Paris ma mua o ia, akā pili pū ka ea: ʻo nā mahana kiʻekiʻe e hoʻonui i ka pae o ka pollution i ka lewa. Me ka poina ʻole i ka makani kai e hoʻihoʻi i ka haumia i uka.
ʻAʻole hoʻomohala ʻia ka halihali lehulehu ma ke kapikala ʻo Marseille: kahi laina kaʻa kaʻa uila hoʻokahi, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoikaika i ka wā e hōʻike ʻia ai kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka pollution: ʻaʻohe sticker a i ʻole nā kaʻa ʻokoʻa.
He ʻoiaʻiʻo he paʻakikī ke hoʻohuli ʻana i kekahi mau ala, ʻo ia hoʻi ka lawe ʻana i nā waiwai i ke awa.
Eia naʻe, pono e ʻike koke ʻia nā sticker Critʻair.
3 - Palika
ʻO ke kūlanakauhale Farani mua e pili ana i nā wahi ʻōpala radioactive, ʻike maopopo ʻia ʻo Paris i kēia kūlana.
Wahi a nā haʻawina ʻo Air'Parif, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā pilikia maikaʻi o ka ea e hele mai ana mai ke kaʻa alanui. ʻO 39% o ka pollution particle mai nā wahi ʻē aʻe: lawe pū ʻia nā ʻāpana e ka makani.
ʻO ka noiʻi hou loa o WHO i hoʻonohonoho i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Farani i haumia mua ma ke ʻano o ka maikaʻi o ka ea, a ʻo 17 ke kūlanakauhale nui loa ma ka honua.
ʻOiai ʻo ka paepae hoʻoponopono no PM10 ma Farani he 20 μg / m3 - microgram per cubic mika - ʻo ka ʻike i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma 2015 ma ke kapikala. 35 μg/m3
4 - ʻO Roubaix
Kiʻi kiʻi: GabianSpirit (loulou)
ʻO ka haumia o kekahi mau wahi ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Roubaix e hele mai ana mai kona pili i nā lole lole ʻenehana.
Ma waho aʻe o kēia He 38 mau wahi i haumia me ke kepau a me ka hydrocarbons, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻāpana maikaʻi i ka lewa ma luna o ka pae maʻamau.
Aia ma Roubaix a me Hauts-de-France i hū ai nā mea hōʻino hou e pili ana i nā kula haumia.
Aia kekahi pilikia o ka ea ma nā kūlanakauhale e like me Lens a i ʻole Douai.
5-Strasbourg
Kiʻi kiʻi: ALexandre Prévot (loulou)
Me 40 mau wahi haumia, Strasbourg, aia ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka ʻāina i ʻoihana nui, hoʻopaʻa pū kekahi i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻāpana maikaʻi a me ke kalapona kalapona i ka lewa.
No nā kaʻa diesel a me nā kaʻa alanui.
ʻOiai ka emi ʻana o ka haumia o ka ea, ʻike mau ke kūlanakauhale i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka pollution i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
He leka kelepona ua hoʻonoho ʻia hoʻi e aʻo i ka lehulehu i ka manawa.
Pili nā pilikia haumia i nā alanui nui.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo inā loaʻa kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka pollution - e like me ka Ministry of Health
no ka mea, nā iwi hāhū - nā kamaliʻi, nā kamaliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā poʻe ʻelemakule, nā poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi a i ʻole ka hanu
✓ Hōʻalo i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā hana haʻuki, ʻoi aku ka ikaika, inā ma waho a ma waho paha (e kaʻa ana ka ea)
✓ Inā ʻike ʻia ka ʻeha a i ʻole ka puʻuwai, e nīnau i ke kauka
✓ E hele liʻiliʻi iki i waho inā emi nā hōʻailona i loko o ka hale
✓ Hōʻalo i nā alanui nui, i ka hoʻomaka a me ka hopena o ka lā a i ʻole i ka hola wikiwiki
✓ Hoʻopanee i nā hana me ka hoʻoikaika nui loa
No nā mea ʻē aʻe
✓ Hōʻalo i ka hoʻoikaika kino kino
✓ ʻAʻole pilikia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā hana haʻuki maʻalahi e like me ke kaʻa
✓ Hoʻokaʻawale i kou loko: pale i ka paka, nā huahana hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā kukui ʻala, etc.
✓ E hoʻolele i kāu kaʻa e kaupalena i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā mea haumia
6- Liʻiliʻi
Kiʻi kiʻi: Fred romero (loulou)
Inā ʻaʻohe wahi no ka kānalua ʻana o nā wahi 5 mua i ka papa, a laila paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā kūlanakauhale e like me ka hāʻawi ʻana a i ʻole ka mea nui i ka pollution ea a i ʻole ka hele ʻana o nā wahi i haumia.
Hele mai ka metropolis Lille i kā mākou papa inoa: no nā pilikia i hōʻoia ʻia o ka haumia ea, akā no ka hele ʻana o nā wahi haumia a me nā lepo.
Ma kahi o iwakālua mau kula a me nā kula hānai pili paha. Aia nō nā pilikia hoʻohaumia ea: i ka manawa e kākau ʻia ai kēia ʻatikala, ke ʻike nei ke kūlanakauhale i kahi hanana o ka pollution kiʻekiʻe e alakaʻi ana, ʻo ia hoʻi, i nā palena wikiwiki a me ka palena o kekahi mau hana.
Hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia kēia ʻano e nā wela wela o ke kauwela
7- Maikaʻi
Kiʻi kiʻi: Hans Põldoja (loulou)
Manaʻo paha kekahi ua mālama ʻia nā kūlanakauhale o ka hema, kahi mamao loa mai nā wahi ʻoihana kaulana.
Akā ke pāʻani nei ke ea iā lākou, a he nui nā lā i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā paepae hoʻoponopono.
He ikaika ka lā, ikaika ke kaʻa, a ʻoiai ʻo ka mistral ke kuleana o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ea, e mau ana nā pilikia haumia.
Ke kū nei nā kumukūʻai ma muli o ka nele o ka ʻoihana, akā ʻo nā ikaika o ke kūlanakauhale ke hana kūʻē nei.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lewa i ka hiki ʻana mai o nā ʻāpana, ʻo ka nele o nā makani ikaika e pale i ko lākou hoʻopuehu ʻana, a hele mai kekahi haumia mai kahi mamao aku. Ma waho aʻe o kēia ʻano, hoʻomau nā kaʻa holoʻokoʻa a pau ma kahakai, kahi e hoʻopaʻa ai i nā kumu o ka haumia.
8-Grenoble
Ua ʻike ʻia ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Grenoble no kona ea haumia: ʻaʻole ia i ka piko o ka pae a noho mamao ma hope o Paris a i ʻole Marseille.
ʻO ia ma luna o nā wahi āpau āpau e hana ai paʻa ka haumia ma ke awāwa, akā, hoʻomaikaʻi ke kūlana i nā makahiki, mahalo nui i kahi kulekele o ka hakakā ʻana i ka pollution.
Ma kahi o kanakolu mau wahi haumia, aia ka pilikia o ka maikaʻi o ka lepo ma ka puʻuwai o ke kulekele o ke kūlanakauhale, ka mea i hoʻokō i ka palapala ʻāina o kāna mau wahi ʻoihana mua, i mea e hoʻololi ai a ʻike mua i nā pilikia.
9- Reims
ʻAe kiʻi: Num (loulou)
Ua hopohopo pū ʻia e ka hoʻoholo ʻana a ka ʻAha ʻEulopa e kūʻē iā Farani no nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka haumia o ka ea: ke hoʻomaka nei nā hana e hoʻokomo ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi ma muli o ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana o nā piko pollution. i nā ʻāpana PM10.
Aia no hoi, aia kekahi mau kula i nā pilikia haumia lepo : Ua hoʻomaka mua ʻia nā hana hoʻopau ʻino.
Noho maikaʻi nā pae PM10 i ka lewa ma mua o ka awelika aupuni. A hoʻemi ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka wai e ka hiki ʻana o nā nitrates.
10- Ka puuhonua
Kiʻi kiʻi: daniel.stark (loulou)
Hoʻopau ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Le Havre i kēia kūlana. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ea a mākou e hanu ai, akā ma ʻaneʻi ka pilikia nui o ka pollution nā wahi awa a me nā wahi ʻoihana, a me nā wahi haumia.
Ma ke ʻano o ka haumia ea, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā paepae no ka nitrogen dioxide, nā ʻāpana maikaʻi, akā ʻo ka sulfur dioxide a me ka ozone. Me ka poina ole ma ke kai. nā pilikia hoʻolei hewa ʻole.
Nā kūlanakauhale me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka haumia ma ka ʻāina
ʻAʻole hiki iā mākou ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo e kaʻawale ke kūlanakauhale mai nā haumia āpau, akā ʻike ʻia kekahi mau kūlanakauhale no ko lākou ea i ʻoi aku ka hanu. Eia kekahi mau mea:
✓ Nā Valves
ʻO ia ke kūlanakauhale haumia liʻiliʻi loa ma Farani. Ua ʻike pono mākou he haʻahaʻa loa nā pae o ka sulfur, nitrogen dioxide, a me nā ʻāpana maikaʻi. He kakaikahi ka piko o ka pollution ma laila.
✓ Limoges
Maikaʻi ka maikaʻi o ka ea ma Limoges no kahi kokoke ʻekolu hapaha o ka makahiki.
✓ Brest
He iwakālua wale nō lā i manaʻo ʻia he ʻino ka ea, ma ka hoʻoilo.
✓ Pau (FR)
Ma waho aʻe o ke kauwela i ka wā e hoʻoulu ai ka ʻāina ʻāina o ke kūlanakauhale, ma ka ʻaoʻao moe o nā Pyrenees, i nā piko o ka pollution, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopiha i ka ea hou i ke koena o ka makahiki.
✓ Perpignan
ʻOiai ke kaʻa nui o ke kaʻa, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ke kikowaena o ke kūlanakauhale, ʻo ka nele o ka haumia ʻoihana e waiho iā Perpignan i ka pae.
He ʻike pōkole o kā mākou mau ʻāina
Ma ke ʻano o ka maikaʻi o ka lepo, nui nā like ʻole i loko o ka metropolis Farani. Ma mua o ka ʻike ʻana i ke kūlana o nā kūlanakauhale, eia ka ʻike wikiwiki o nā wahi i loaʻa ka nui o nā lepo haumia a me nā pūnaewele. Ma kou manaʻo:
➔ ʻO ka ʻĀkau (59)
ʻO kahi ʻāina mahiʻai me ka ʻoi aku o 70%, me kahi ʻoihana ikaika i hala, ua loaʻa i ka ʻĀkau he 497 mau wahi haumia, ka helu kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka ʻāina. ʻO ia hoʻi kahi i puka mai ai nā hōʻino hou e pili ana i nā kula haumia ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Roubaix.
➔ Seine a me Marne (77)
He 303 mau wahi haumia ma keia keena. ʻO kēia pollution ka mea nui o ka ʻoihana. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka wai ma muli o nā nitrates, mercury a me nā phosphates i loaʻa ma laila.
➔ Ka Gironde (33)
ʻO ka pollution ma Gironde ka mea nui mai ka hana ulu waina a me nā pesticides. Ma laila hoʻi, ke hoʻomaka nei ka pili ʻana o kekahi mau kula i nā kumu waina.
ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaneʻane nele kekahi mau keʻena i kahi kahua haumia: Cantal, Creuse, Gers, a i ʻole Lozère.
ʻO kēia mau kūlanakauhale ma Farani kahi a mākou e hanu ʻino ai
Ua ʻoi aku ko mākou maikaʻi ma ka ʻāina ma mua o ke kūlanakauhale?
ʻOiai inā e hoʻokau nā kūlanakauhale i nā ʻoihana a me nā halihali, a he kiʻekiʻe ka pollution rate, ʻaʻole pono e haʻalele kekahi i ka haumia o nā wahi mahiʻai. ʻO ke awāwa ʻo Arve, aia ma ka puʻu o nā Alps Farani, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā wahi haumia loa ma Farani.
Kokoke ia i kahi axis kaʻa nui loa, a i ka hoʻoilo, wela ka poʻe i ka lāʻau. ʻO nā kaʻa ukana kaumaha 500 e kaapuni ana i ke awāwa i kēlā me kēia makahiki ke pale aku i ka hanu ʻana o nā kamaʻāina. I kekahi manawa, ma kēia awāwa, ua pālahalaha ʻia ka piko pollution i kekahi mau mahina (2)
ʻO kēia kūlana ke kumu o nā pilikia olakino he nui, mai ka maʻi hanu a hiki i ka maʻi kanesa.
Ma waenakonu o ke kua'āina, ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi ʻoe i ke kaʻa, akā hiki ke ʻike ʻia i nā pesticides a me nā mea haumia mahiʻai. ʻAʻole e haʻi i ka neʻe ʻana o nā ʻāpana maikaʻi e hoʻohaumia ai i ka ea.
Ma ko mākou kūlanakauhale / ʻāina ʻokoʻa, mai poina iā mākou ka hihia o nā wahi ʻoihana. Aia lākou ma ka hikina o Farani, ʻokoʻa ka makani ikaika mai ke komohana mai.
ʻO ke awāwa ʻo Rhône, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻāina, ua haumia loa, e like me ke awāwa haʻahaʻa o ka Seine.
Hoʻopuka ka maikaʻi o ka ea kūlanakauhale i nā nīnau ma Farani
Ke alakaʻi nei i ka podium? ʻAʻole hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa nā mea a mākou i manaʻo ai. ʻAʻole pono nā kūlanakauhale nui e hoʻopaʻa i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻāpana maikaʻi i ka lewa.
He kūlanakauhale ʻo Seine-Saint-Denis, ʻAʻaka e hoʻopaʻa i kahi moʻolelo e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana o nā ʻāpana maikaʻi i ka lewa, me 36 μg / m3 no ke kūlanakauhale o 55 mau kānaka. (3)
ʻO ka lua o ke kaona i kēia hoʻonohonoho, aia ma Seine-et-Marne, he 15 mau kānaka. Hoʻohui ʻia nā pilikia hoʻohaumia ea i nā mea hōʻino hou e pili ana i ka wai palekana.
Eia nō naʻe, inā mālama mākou i nā kūlanakauhale ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 mau kānaka, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i nā kūlanakauhale nui Farani e kū nei ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kūlana o nā ea unbreathable loa. Ma muli o ke ana mākou i nā ʻāpana PM000 a i ʻole PM10, hoʻololi liʻiliʻi ka pae, akā ʻike mākou i kekahi mau kūlanakauhale ma ke kumu hou. (4)
Mai poina hoʻi kākou ʻaʻole ʻo ka pollution particle wale nō ka haumia ea e loaʻa iā kākou. ʻO nā kūlanakauhale me nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka carbon monoxide e noho nei ma Paris ma kahi mua, ʻo Toulouse a me ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Saint-Denis.
No laila paʻakikī ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā kūlanakauhale ma ka ʻāina nona ka ea i haumia loa: ua hilinaʻi mua ia i ke ʻano o ka haumia e ana ʻia. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kūlana i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Akā ʻo ka mea nui e hoʻomau i ka helu o nā lā i pili i ka makahiki: ʻo ka ʻikepili ka mea nui loa. Hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia ke kūlanakauhale e nā piʻi pollution o ka poʻe hele ma muli o kekahi mau hana a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka wā.
Hiki ke hoʻohaumia ʻia ma ke kumu mau a hoʻomau. Inā mākou e noʻonoʻo i kēia ʻikepili, ʻo nā kūlanakauhale ma luna o ke kūlana, Marseille, Cannes, a me Toulon, aia ma ka hema-hikina o Farani. (5)
Hoʻomaopopo i ka haumia
He aha kā mākou e kamaʻilio pololei nei?
ʻO ka pollution ea ma ka puʻuwai o ka nūhou a ʻo ia ke kumu o ka hoʻopiʻi hou ʻana o ʻEulopa e kūʻē iā Farani a me nā hoʻopiʻi pinepine ʻana e nā kamaʻāina. Hoʻohui pū ʻia me nā pilikia haumia ʻē aʻe ma muli o nā hana kanaka e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka wai a me ka lepo.
I kēlā me kēia lā, kokoke 14 lita o ka ea e hele ma ko mākou ʻōpū hanu. A i loko o kēia ea ʻike mākou i nā hoʻoweliweli ʻike ʻole ʻia. Hele mai lākou mai nā hana ʻoihana a me nā mahiʻai, mai ka ʻoihana halihali, akā mai nā mea kanu puhi, nā hana home, a i ʻole ka puhi ʻana.
Wahi a ka World Health Organization [1], kokoke ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kūlanakauhale Farani 500 i nā palena no ka neʻe ʻana o nā ʻāpana maikaʻi i ka lewa. I ka honua, ʻoi aku ma mua o 9 kanaka ma 10 noho me ka ea haumia, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i hoʻouka ʻia me nā ʻāpana maikaʻi PM10 a me PM2,5.
Hiki ke helu ʻia nā make ma muli o ka haumia o ka ea i nā miliona, ma muli o ka haumia o ka ea o waho, ʻo ka nui o nā hana ʻoihana a me nā kaʻa, a me ka haumia ea o loko. He helu nui ia o nā ulia cerebrovascular, nā maʻi hanu, nā maʻi pulmonary a i ʻole nā maʻi maʻi.
He aha nā kumu o ka hoʻohaumia?
ʻO ka pollution particle maikaʻi, ke kuleana mua no nā pathologies respiratory he nui, mai ka ʻoihana ʻoihana, ka lawe ʻana a me nā ʻoihana mahiʻai, a mai ka hana ʻana i nā kikowaena mana ahi.
Hoʻopoina pinepine mākou i ka maikaʻi o ka ea o loko : ma ka hale, ma ke keena, a ma ke kula. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia kēia ʻano maikaʻi e ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea puhi ahi, nā hana kanaka e like me ka puhi ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana hale, akā hiki ke hele pololei mai nā mea kūkulu hale a me nā lako.
ʻO ka PM, a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ea, he mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i lawe ʻia ma ka lewa a komo i loko o ka puʻuwai o nā māmā a me nā alaloa. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo lākou ke kumu o ka make ma mua o 40 i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma Farani [000].
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e like me ko lākou nui: ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻāpana he paepae hoʻoponopono, ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kūlana e pōʻino no ke olakino kanaka.
ʻO nā ʻāpana maikaʻi, a me ka nui o ka PM10, e hōʻiliʻili ma ka ʻāina. ʻO ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka ea ke kumu ʻekolu o ka make ma Farani, ma hope o ka paka a me ka waiʻona.
Wahi a ka Aha Luna Hooia[8], 60% o ka heluna kanaka e hoʻopilikia ʻia ma Farani, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka hoʻoilo i ke anuanu a maloʻo. ʻO kēia kahi kahi i hoʻololi ʻole ʻia ai ka ea a paʻa nā ʻāpana i ka lewa a laila komo i loko o ko mākou mau māmā.
Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻāpana maikaʻi, nānā nā kino hoʻoponopono i nā mea ʻē aʻe: nitrogen dioxide, mai ka lawe ʻana a me ka puhi ʻana; sulfur dioxide, hoʻokuʻu ʻia e nā hale hana; a me ka ozone, nā hopena o nā hopena kemika ma lalo o ka hopena o nā kukuna ultraviolet.
ʻO ke aniau a me ka hoʻololi ea
I ka nānā mua ʻana, ʻike ʻole ʻia nā hopena o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau ma luna o ka pollution. Akā ua hoʻokumu ʻia kekahi mau loulou i hōʻoia ʻia.
I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ea, nā pahu hau, a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka pollution o loko.
Hiki i nā ʻāpana maikaʻi a me ka carbon monoxide i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka lewa ke kumu o ka piʻi ʻana o ke ahi o ka nahele.
Hiki i ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea kanu hou ke hoʻoulu i nā allergies i ka pollen no nā heluna kanaka i ʻike ʻole ʻia ma mua. Ke pilikia nei ka ea a puni mākou i ka loli.
Hoʻopilikia pū ka lewa ma waho i ka maikaʻi o ka ea: inā he wela a i ʻole ke anuanu, inā he makani a ʻaʻole paha, he ua a ʻaʻohe.
He ʻokoʻa ka hopena o kēlā me kēia ʻano o ke aniau i ka pollution: e hoʻopuehu a nānā paha i kahi ākea. Inā nāwaliwali ka makani a mālie ka lewa, he mea paʻakikī ke hoʻopuehu a noho i ka ʻili honua, no ka laʻana.
ʻO ka pollution wai, ka lepo lepo: nā hopena a me nā hopena
Mai poina hoʻi ʻaʻole ʻo ka ea wale nō ka mea e hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā hana kanaka. ʻO ka wai, kahi waiwai koʻikoʻi, hoʻoweliweli ʻia e nā mea kemika like ʻole.
Nitrates, phosphates, metala kaumaha e like me ke kēpau i loaʻa mai ka mahiʻai a ʻoihana paha, a i ʻole hydrocarbons.
No kekahi mau mea, e komo pū me nā endocrine disruptors a me nā ʻano o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka loiloi i nā hopena maoli i ke olakino lōʻihi.
ʻO kēia, ma ke kūlanakauhale, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka mālama maikaʻi ʻole o nā paipu e hoʻonui ai i ka pilikia olakino. ʻAʻole hiki ke inu hou kekahi mau wai, ʻo kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻauʻau hou. ʻOkoʻa nā pilikia e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka haumia.
ʻO nā hōʻailona lōʻihi e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka nui a me ka lōʻihi o ka ʻike. ʻO ke kēpau ke kumu o ka make kepau. ʻO nā hydrocarbons, nitrates, a i ʻole arsenic he carcinogenic.
I ka wā pōkole, ʻoi aku ka maʻi maʻi. ʻO nā maʻi maikaʻi e like me nā maʻi digestive a me nā mycoses; a me nā maʻi koʻikoʻi e like me ka legionellosis a i ʻole ka maʻi hepatitis. No ka laʻana, loaʻa nā Nitrates i nā ʻāpana ma luna o nā paepae hoʻoponopono ma nā wahi he nui o ka ʻāina ma muli o ka hana mahiʻai a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu.
ʻO kēia ke kumu i ʻelua hopohopo nui: hoʻololi lākou i ke koena olaola o nā kaiaola wai ma muli o ke ʻano o ka eutrophication, a he mea ʻawaʻawa lākou i nā kānaka.
Ua lilo lākou i mea ʻawaʻawa ma mua o kekahi paepae no ka mea ua hoʻololi ʻia lākou i nitrites, ma o ka bacteria i loko o ke kino. Me kēia ʻano, ʻaʻole hiki i ke koko ke lawe i ka oxygen i nā sela: he pilikia ia e pili pono ana i nā heluna palupalu e like me nā kamaliʻi.
No ka poʻe mākua, pilikia lākou no ka mea, me kekahi mau lāʻau pesticides, hana lākou i ka cocktail carcinogenic maoli.
Hana a pale iā ʻoe iho
ʻO ka halihali lehulehu a me ka hui kaʻa
No nā huakaʻi pōkole a lōʻihi paha, makemake au i nā hoʻonā hui pū ʻana: nui loa nā kaʻa e holo ana ma ka ʻāina me hoʻokahi ohua ma luna o ka moku. No laila ke nānā nei au i nā hoʻonā i loaʻa iaʻu: kaʻaahi, kaʻa, kaʻa kaʻa ...
Kaʻa kaʻa, hele wāwae: 0 ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana no nā mamao pōkole
Ua hōʻike ʻia ma nā kūlanakauhale, ʻo ke kaʻa kaʻa ka wikiwiki o ka lawe ʻana no kahi huakaʻi ma lalo o 5 mau kilomita. Hoʻokahi o ʻelua mau ʻEulopa e lawe i kā lākou kaʻa e hana i nā huakaʻi ma lalo o 3 mau kilomita.
ʻO ka pilikia, ʻo kēia mau huakaʻi pōkole i hana ʻia me ka ʻenekini anuanu e hoʻopuka i ka nui o ka pollution.
Lawe paha au i ke kaʻa? Akā i ka hoʻokele kaiaola
ʻO ka hoʻokele kaʻa kaʻa he ala o ka hoʻokele e mālama ai i ka wahie a no laila e hōʻemi ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka pollutant. E pili ana i ka holo ʻana me ka maʻalahi, e pili ana i nā palena wikiwiki.
ʻO ka pōkole, ʻaʻole e hoʻokele abruptly a me ka huhū. He mea pono nō hoʻi e hoʻopaʻa ʻia a mālama ʻia ke kaʻa.
Nā lula gula no ka pale ʻana i ka pollution
No ka pale ʻana iā ʻoe iho e hōʻike ʻoe iā ʻoe iho
Ma ke ʻano like o kā mākou kūkākūkā ʻana i ka wānana o ke aniau i ke kakahiaka, hiki iā mākou ke nīnau i ka papa kuhikuhi pollution o ka lā, inā ma ka pūnaewele, ma ka lekiō, a ma ke kīwī paha.
Hiki i nā wānana ke kaupalena i nā hana koʻikoʻi loa inā loaʻa kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka haumia, ʻoi aku no ka poʻe nāwaliwali.
Ma ka pūnaewele, hiki iā ʻoe ke nīnau i ka pūnaewele Prévʻair a i ʻole Airparif no kēlā me kēia wahi. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā noi e like me ka Plume air Report e hiki ai ke ʻike i ka index maikaʻi o ka ea i ka manawa maoli.
Maikaʻi ʻoe i ka halihali lehulehu
Inā loaʻa kahi hanana haumia koʻikoʻi, hōʻiliʻili nā mea ʻino i loko o ke keʻena kaʻa o kāu kaʻa. ʻAʻole e haʻi ʻia ʻo ia ke kumu o ka haumia.
A laila makemake mākou i ka tram, ke kaʻa, ke kaʻa a me nā ʻano ʻano palupalu ʻē aʻe o ka halihali kūlanakauhale no nā huakaʻi pōkole; kaʻa kaʻa a me ke kaʻaahi no nā huakaʻi lōʻihi.
A inā makemake ʻoe e lawe i kāu kaʻa, e lawe i nā mea kaʻa ʻē aʻe ma ka hoʻokele kaʻa a mai poina e pili ana i ka hoʻokele kaiaola.
Ma ka puʻuwai o ka haʻuki e hana ai ʻoe
E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e pale i nā hana kino koʻikoʻi i ka wā o ka pollution kiʻekiʻe.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ke hoʻāʻo ʻoe, ua hāmama ka bronchi a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ea: ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali a ʻoi aku ka ʻike. No laila, inā makemake ʻoe e holo a pāʻani paha i nā haʻuki, makemake ʻoe e hele i kahi wahi kūlohelohe.
ʻO kahi kaʻa hoʻopau liʻiliʻi āu e hoʻolaha ai
I ke kūʻai ʻana i kaʻa, e ʻike e pili ana i kāna hoʻoiho CO2 me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāna lepili. ʻO kahi lepili ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma lalo o 100 grams o CO2 i kēlā me kēia kilomika huakaʻi.
ʻOi aku ka lepili ʻulaʻula ma mua o 250 grams o CO2 i kēlā me kēia kilomika huakaʻi. Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻolaha i nā kaʻa uila: me ka poina ʻole i ka hui ʻana o ka uila o ka ʻāina e makemake i ka ikehu nuklea.
No nā huakaʻi pōkole, kūpono ia; ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kahi kaʻa hybrid no nā huakaʻi lōʻihi.
E hopohopo ʻoe no ka maikaʻi o ka ea
Hoʻopoina pinepine ʻia ka pollution ea i loko, ʻoiai ua like nā hopena olakino. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kou loko i kēlā me kēia manawa e pale i ka CO2 a me nā mea haumia mai ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā huahana a me nā uhi mai ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kēia ʻelua i ka lā no ka liʻiliʻi he ʻumi mau minuke.
Hiki ke lilo i mea hoʻohaumia i nā mea kanu: cacti, ivy, a i ʻole succulents.
E pale pū i nā huahana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻawaʻawa, e pili ana i nā solvents a me nā pūhui chlorinated. Loaʻa nā hoʻonā kūlohelohe hou aʻe: ka vīnega keʻokeʻo, ka soda baking, a i ʻole ke kopa ʻeleʻele.
ʻO nā antioxidants āu e ʻai ai
No ke aha he mea nui kēia? Hoʻololi ke kino i nā mea āpau o ka oxygen a mākou e hanu ai, ʻokoʻa ka liʻiliʻi o nā molekala i kapa ʻia he radical manuahi.
Hoʻonui ka pollution i kēia hanana, a hoʻonui i ka ʻelemakule o ke kelepona. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai antioxidant e kōkua i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i kou ʻōnaehana pale i kēia pilikia.
Manaʻo mākou i nā hua liʻiliʻi e like me ka blueberries, goji berries, prunes, a i ʻole strawberries a me nā raspberries, akā ʻo nā mea kanu pū kekahi e like me ka pepa a me ka broccoli.
i ka hopena
He aha kāu e hoʻoholo ai mai kēia hoʻokaʻawale ʻana? ʻAʻole hiki iā mākou ke kuhikuhi i ka manamana lima ma ke kūlanakauhale he haumāna maikaʻi ʻole: ʻo nā mea ʻeleʻele, ua hoʻopuehu ʻia ka pollution, a ke laha nei ka pilikia ma ka pae honua. ʻAʻohe pono e hopohopo e pili ana i kāu ʻikepili: ʻo ka manaʻo e lawe i ka ʻano kuleana a e ʻike i ka pilikia.
Nui nā kulekele a me nā ana i kau ʻia, a ua ʻae i kekahi mau hoʻomaikaʻi.
E hoʻohui hou mākou inā ʻoi aku ko mākou mau kūlanakauhale ma mua o nā paepae hoʻoponopono, a ʻo Farani ke kumu o ka hoʻopaʻi hou ʻana e loaʻa ai ka hoʻoikaika hou ʻana, e mau ana mākou i ka maikaʻi e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ka honua kahi e hiki ʻole ai ke hanu ʻana o ka ea, ma Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, a i ʻole Pakistan.